RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The examination of pupillary light reflexes is widely employed to evaluate the autonomic system's balance, ocular, and neurological conditions, typically evaluated by qualitative observation. To describe and evaluate the inter-rater reliability and agreement of pupillometric values obtained with a novel semi-automatic mobile pupillography app. METHODS: Two examiners and two graders perform the measurements with an android app which corrects the device-face distance, measure the maximum contraction of the pupil, and calculates its slope, in a hospital room setting with three levels of environmental light intensity: <100, 101 to 200, and 201 to 300 lux, at 200, 400, 600, 900, 1200, and 1500 milliseconds. RESULTS: Sixty healthy individuals, aged 18 to 45, were included; 85% had brown eyes. The reliability of the pupil/iris ratio had Ri = 70% to 88%, and bland Altman graphics show a uniform agreement. The pupillography curves show a similar slope at different light intensities, during the contraction phase. CONCLUSION: There were very good repeatability and inter-rater reproducibility of the measurements at average levels of illumination in examination rooms, even in dark-eyed people. This app provides a highly promising approach to pupillary measurements in clinical practice.
Assuntos
Aplicativos Móveis , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Oftalmológico , Cor de Olho , Humanos , Pupila , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The high frequency of post-operative pain in the patients after laparoscopic cholecystectomy has led to the need to use multiple analgesic therapies. These include auriculotherapy, although not very good results have been obtained with the traditional techniques. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of modified auriculotherapy for post-operative pain control in laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Double-blind controlled clinical trial. Experimental group: Different points ear puncture with xylocaine without needles vs. placebo group. Post-operative visual analogue scale (VAS) at 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, and 48h and rescue doses of analgesics, were measured in both groups. RESULTS: At 6h post-operative, 87% of the auriculotherapy group had a VAS of<4 vs. 48% of placebo group (p = 0.004), and 96 vs. 74% (p = 0.008) at 18hours. At 24, 36 and 48h after surgery there were no differences, and as all of the patients in both groups had a VAS<4, they were discharged to the hospital. CONCLUSIONS: Modified auriculotherapy was better to the conventional analgesics for post-operative pain control in patients subjected to laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Assuntos
Auriculoterapia , Colecistectomia Laparoscópica/efeitos adversos , Dor Pós-Operatória/terapia , Administração Tópica , Adulto , Analgésicos/uso terapêutico , Anestésicos Locais/administração & dosagem , Método Duplo-Cego , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Eletivos , Feminino , Humanos , Lidocaína/administração & dosagem , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
La evidencia sobre los posibles mecanismos de utilización de los ácidos grasos Omega 3 para mediar la obesidad requiere continuar con estudios clínicos con metodologías concretas. El objetivo fue evaluar mediante impedancia bioeléctrica el efecto de la suplementación de omega 3 sobre el Indicé de Masa Corporal (IMC), Índice Cintura Cadera (ICC) y composición corporal en mujeres obesas. Participaron 60 mujeres obesas adultas (IMC >30 Kg/m²) que fueron aleatorizadas en 3 grupos: Grupo 1) placebo, vitamina E (200 UI), Grupo 2) 1 g de omega 3) y Grupo 3) 2 g de omega 3. Todas recibieron dieta hipocalórica y ejercicio moderado. Se midieron; peso, IMC, índice cintura cadera y distribución grasa al inicio y cada mes por tres meses. Los resultados muestran que la suplementación con omega 3 tuvo una relación dosis respuesta disminuyendo significativamente el peso, IMC y la masa grasa total, en comparación con el grupo control. Estos efectos dependieron del tiempo y cantidad de Omega 3 suplementada, cuando se ajustó por el grado de cumplimiento de ejercicio, apego a la dieta y edad. Concluimos que la suplementación con Omega 3 es un coadyuvante eficaz en el manejo de la obesidad en mujeres premenopáusicas.
Evidence on the possible mechanisms for the use of Omega 3 fatty acids to mediate obesity requires clinical studies continue with specific methodologies. The aim was to assess the effect of omega-3 supplementation on Body Mass Index (BMI), Wais - Hip Index (WHI) and body composition of obese women using bioelectrical impedance. Subjects 60 premenopausal obese women (BMI > 30Kg/m²) were randomly assigned to 3 groups: Group 1) placebo, vitamin E (200 IU), group 2) 1 g of omega and group 3) 2 g of omega-3. All of them received a low calorie diet and moderate exercise. Weight, BMI, WHI, and fat distribution were measured at the beginning and every month for three months. The results show us Omega-3 supplementation significantly reduced weight, BMI, and total fat mass, compared to the control group, a dose-response effect. These effects depended on the time and amount of Omega 3 supplemented, when the degree of compliance of exercise, adherence to the diet and age were controlled. In conclusion the supplementation with omega- 3 is an efficient method in the management of obesity in premenopausal women.
Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Adulto Jovem , Suplementos Nutricionais , /administração & dosagem , Obesidade/dietoterapia , Composição Corporal , Índice de Massa Corporal , Método Duplo-Cego , Ingestão de Energia , Exercício Físico , Resultado do Tratamento , Circunferência da CinturaRESUMO
Evidence on the possible mechanisms for the use of Omega 3 fatty acids to mediate obesity requires clinical studies continue with specific methodologies. The aim was to assess the effect of omega-3 supplementation on Body Mass Index (BMI), Wais - Hip Index (WHI) and body composition of obese women using bioelectrical impedance. Subjects 60 premenopausal obese women (BMI > 30Kg/m2) were randomly assigned to 3 groups: Group 1) placebo, vitamin E (200 IU), group 2) 1 g of omega and group 3) 2 g of omega-3. All of them received a low calorie diet and moderate exercise. Weight, BMI, WHI, and fat distribution were measured at the beginning and every month for three months. The results show us Omega-3 supplementation significantly reduced weight, BMI, and total fat mass, compared to the control group, a dose-response effect. These effects depended on the time and amount of Omega 3 supplemented, when the degree of compliance of exercise, adherence to the diet and age were controlled. In conclusion the supplementation with omega-3 is an efficient method in the management of obesity in premenopausal women.
Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/administração & dosagem , Obesidade/dietoterapia , Adulto , Composição Corporal , Índice de Massa Corporal , Método Duplo-Cego , Ingestão de Energia , Exercício Físico , Feminino , Humanos , Resultado do Tratamento , Circunferência da Cintura , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To identify the variables that predict the failure to treat amoebic liver abscesses. METHODS: We prospectively carried out a case-control study on a cohort of patients who had been diagnosed with amoebic liver abscesses using clinical, ultrasonic, and serologic methods. Patients with pyogenic abscesses, negative ELISA tests for amoebiasis, immunosuppression status, or previous abdominal surgery were excluded. All patients received metronidazole, and those who demonstrated 4 days of unfavorable clinical responses received percutaneous or surgical draining of the abscess. Demographic, laboratory, and ultrasonographic characteristics were assessed as prognostic indications of failure. RESULTS: Of 40 patients with amoebic liver abscess, 24 (mean age: 36·7±11·2 years) responded to medical treatment and 16 (41·8±11·6 years) required drainage, including 14 patients who underwent percutaneous drainage and two patients who required surgery. The albumin level, abscess volume, abscess diameter, and alkaline phosphatase level were all statistically significant (P<0·05) on the bivariate analysis. The highest (>99%) sensitivity and negative predictive value were observed for an abscess volume >500 ml and diameter >10 cm, while the best specificity and positive predictive value were achieved with the combination of low serum albumin level, high alkaline phosphatase level, and large abscess volume or diameter. CONCLUSIONS: The prognostic indications of the failure to treat amoebic liver abscesses include low albumin, high alkaline phosphatase, and large abscess volume or diameter. The combination of these variables is a useful and easy tool for determining appropriate therapy.
Assuntos
Antiprotozoários/administração & dosagem , Abscesso Hepático Amebiano/tratamento farmacológico , Abscesso Hepático Amebiano/cirurgia , Metronidazol/administração & dosagem , Sucção , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Abscesso Hepático Amebiano/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Falha de TratamentoRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of oral manifestations in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) receiving chemotherapy, and to evaluate the significance of independent risk factors (oral health, gender, age, time and type of treatment, and phase of chemotherapy). A cross-sectional study was made in 49 children with ALL between 2 and 14 years of age. To describe oral manifestations, a clinical diagnosis was made and the following criteria were applied: the OHI-S index to describe oral health and the IMPA index to describe periodontal conditions and to differentiate gingivitis from periodontitis. The prevalence of oral manifestations was: gingivitis, 91.84%; caries, 81.63%; mucositis, 38.77%; periodontitis, 16.32%; cheilitis, 18.36%; recurrent herpes, 12.24%; and primary herpetic gingivostomatitis, 2.04%. Other oral manifestations were: dry lips, mucosal pallor, mucosal petechiae, ecchymoses, and induced ulcers. The prevalence of oral candidiasis was 6.12%. It was observed that high risk ALL and poor oral hygiene were important risk factors for the development of candidiasis and gingivitis. The type of leukemia, gender and phase of chemotherapy were apparently associated with the presence of candidiasis, gingivitis, and periodontitis, and they could be considered risk factors for the development of oral manifestations.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Doenças da Boca/epidemiologia , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/tratamento farmacológico , Adolescente , Candidíase Bucal/epidemiologia , Queilite/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Equimose/epidemiologia , Feminino , Gengivite/epidemiologia , Humanos , Doenças Labiais/epidemiologia , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Higiene Bucal , Úlceras Orais/epidemiologia , Periodontite/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Púrpura/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Estomatite/epidemiologia , Estomatite Herpética/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Dental caries is a worldwide public health problem for which Streptococcus mutans has been identified as the possible infectious etiology. In recent years nanotechnology has permitted the development of new properties of materials. The objective of this study was to compare the bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects of nanoparticles of silver, zinc oxide, and gold on S. mutans. We used the liquid dilution method to find the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and with subcultures obtained the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs). For silver the results showed an average MIC of 4.86 +/- 2.71 microg/mL and MBC of 6.25 microg/mL; for zinc the MIC was 500 +/- 306.18 muicrog/mL and MBC of 500 microg/mL; the gold nanoparticles demonstrated an effect only at an initial concentration of 197 mug/mL. We established a higher antimicrobial effect against S. mutans of silver nanoparticles at lower concentrations than gold or zinc, which would allow achieving important clinical effects with a reduced toxicity.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Ouro/farmacologia , Prata/farmacologia , Streptococcus mutans/efeitos dos fármacos , Óxido de Zinco/farmacologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , NanopartículasRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Asess the efficacy of nebulized salbutamol and dexamethasone compared with nebulized salbutamol, in patients with bronchiolitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A blinded clinical trial was performed with 49 patients between 1-18 months diagnosed with bronchiolitis with three days or less of disease evolution. Participant's parents signed an informed consent and patients did not receive prior medication. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups: nebulized salbutamol or salbutamol plus dexamethasone, which they received every four hours during twenty-four hours. We measured heart and respiratory rate; respiratory distress index, oxygen saturation, and Silverman Andersen scores. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between groups for treatment response; but the frequency of hospital release at 24 hrs was significant among groups; 75 vs 96 % respectively (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: The administration of salbutamol plus dexamethasone is more effective in the control of respiratory distress in children with bronchiolitis compared with the use of salbutamol alone.
Assuntos
Agonistas Adrenérgicos beta/administração & dosagem , Albuterol/administração & dosagem , Bronquiolite/tratamento farmacológico , Dexametasona/uso terapêutico , Glucocorticoides/uso terapêutico , Doença Aguda , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Nebulizadores e VaporizadoresRESUMO
The aim of this study was to compare the clinical success of three conscious sedation regimens for pediatric dental patients. A clinical trial was performed wherein dental treatment was administered to pediatric patients ASA I and II under conscious sedation.. Fifty-four children were divided into three groups of 18 patients each, randomly assigned Group A received hydroxyzine (2 mg/kg 2 h before treatment and a subsequent dose of 1 mg/kg 20 min before treatment) orally; group B received 0.50 mg/kg midazolam mixed with 1.5 mg/kg hydroxyzine 20 min before treatment orally; group C received chloral hydrate, 50 mg/kg mixed with 1.5 mg/kg hydroxyzine 20 min before treatment orally. The Ohio State Behavioral Rating Scale (OSBRS) showed statistically significant differences between groups B and C with respect to group A. The regimens of midazolam or chloral hydrate mixed with hydroxyzine represent excellent choices for conscious sedation regimens for pediatric dental patients.
Assuntos
Anestesia Dentária/métodos , Comportamento Infantil/efeitos dos fármacos , Sedação Consciente/métodos , Assistência Odontológica para Crianças/métodos , Administração Oral , Anestésicos Combinados , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Hidrato de Cloral/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Antagonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos H1/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Hidroxizina/administração & dosagem , Hipnóticos e Sedativos/administração & dosagem , Lactente , Masculino , Midazolam/administração & dosagem , Estatísticas não ParamétricasRESUMO
Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia de salbutamol y dexametasona nebulizados comparados con salbutamol solo en pacientes con bronquiolitis aguda. Material y métodos: Estudio clínico controlado, aleatorizado, en pacientes de 1 a 18 meses de edad con diagnóstico de bronquiolitis aguda y evolución menor de tres días. Se asignaron dos grupos: 1) salbutamol (n = 24) o 2) salbutamol más dexametasona (n = 25) administrado por micronebulizaciones cada cuatro horas por 24 horas. Se midieron las frecuencias cardiaca y respiratoria, la gravedad del cuadro mediante el Respiratory Distress Assigment Index, el Silvermann-Andersen, saturación de O2 y tiempo de desaparición de la dificultad respiratoria y frecuencia de altas en 24 horas. Resultados: No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos de estudio, excepto en la frecuencia de altas hospitalarias en las primeras 24 horas, 75 vs 96 % p < 0.04 respectivamente. Conclusiones: La aplicación de salbutamol más dexametasona es más rápida para controlar la dificultad respiratoria en niños con bronquiolitis aguda en comparación con la aplicación de salbutamol solo.
OBJECTIVE: Asess the efficacy of nebulized salbutamol and dexamethasone compared with nebulized salbutamol, in patients with bronchiolitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A blinded clinical trial was performed with 49 patients between 1-18 months diagnosed with bronchiolitis with three days or less of disease evolution. Participant's parents signed an informed consent and patients did not receive prior medication. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups: nebulized salbutamol or salbutamol plus dexamethasone, which they received every four hours during twenty-four hours. We measured heart and respiratory rate; respiratory distress index, oxygen saturation, and Silverman Andersen scores. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between groups for treatment response; but the frequency of hospital release at 24 hrs was significant among groups; 75 vs 96 % respectively (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: The administration of salbutamol plus dexamethasone is more effective in the control of respiratory distress in children with bronchiolitis compared with the use of salbutamol alone.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Albuterol/administração & dosagem , Bronquiolite/tratamento farmacológico , Dexametasona/uso terapêutico , Glucocorticoides/uso terapêutico , Agonistas Adrenérgicos beta/administração & dosagem , Doença Aguda , Método Duplo-Cego , Nebulizadores e VaporizadoresRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: [corrected] Determine the extent to which levels of glycosylated hemoglobin levels among type 2 sedentary diabetic patients change when performing aerobic exercises two or three times a week. SETTING: Mexican Institute Social Security, Family Medicine Unit, primary care level. STUDY DESIGN: Controlled clinical trial. METHODS AND SUBJETS: Two groups of 25 participants carried out a comprehensive exercise routine 2 or 3 times per week in alternate days. Measurements were done at baseline, 8 and 16 weeks. HbA1c, aerobic capacity, BMI and compliance were assesed. OUTCOME: There was no significant difference in HbA1c between the two study groups, however both groups showed lower levels of HbA1c when comparing their baseline and follow up levels (p < 0.001). No significant association was found between Hb1Ac, aerobic capacity or BMI. Compliance was higher among the group exercising 2 days. CONCLUSION: Moderate aerobic exercise was well tolerated showing a significant decrease on HbA1c even among the 2 day group.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/terapia , Terapia por Exercício/métodos , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/análise , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Objetivo. Determinar el cambio en la hemoglobina glucosilada (HbA1c) en pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 sedentarios al realizar ejercicio aeróbico 2 o 3 veces por semana en días alternos. Se realizó en la Unidad de Medicina Familiar del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social en San Luis Potosí, con el diseño de un ensayo clínico controlado. Material y métodos. Se integraron dos grupos (n = 25) de ejercicio de 2 y 3 veces por semana en días alternos. Mediciones de los valores basales, 8 y 16 semanas de hemoglobina glucosilada A1c (HbA1c), capacidad aeróbica, índice de masa corporal (IMC) y cumplimiento. Resultados. No se encontró diferencia significativa en HbA1c entre los dos grupos de estudio, pero sí al comparar sus valores basales (p <0.001). No se encontró correlación significativa entre la HbA1c y el cambio de capacidad aeróbica o el IMC. El porcentaje de cumplimiento fue mayor en el grupo de 2 días de ejercicio. Conclusiones. El ejercicio aeróbico de intensidad moderada es bien tolerado, obteniendo una reducción significativa de HbA1c y se constata mejor cumplimiento en el grupo de 2 días.
OBJECTIVE: Determine the extent to which levels of glycosylated hemoglobin levels among type 2 sedentary diabetic patients change when performing aerobic exercises two or three times a week. SETTING: Mexican Institute Social Security, Family Medicine Unit, primary care level. STUDY DESIGN: Controlled clinical trial. METHODS AND SUBJETS: Two groups of 25 participants carried out a comprehensive exercise routine 2 or 3 times per week in alternate days. Measurements were done at baseline, 8 and 16 weeks. HbA1c, aerobic capacity, BMI and compliance were assesed. OUTCOME: There was no significant difference in HbA1c between the two study groups, however both groups showed lower levels of HbA1c when comparing their baseline and follow up levels (p < 0.001). No significant association was found between Hb1Ac, aerobic capacity or BMI. Compliance was higher among the group exercising 2 days. CONCLUSION: Moderate aerobic exercise was well tolerated showing a significant decrease on HbA1c even among the 2 day group.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , /sangue , /terapia , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/análise , Terapia por Exercício/métodos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prognostic value of preB immunophenotype and its variants on early treatment response among of acute pediatric lymphoblast leukemia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A case-control study nested in a cohort was carried out with male and female patients 15 years and younger with recently diagnosed pre-B lymphoblast leukemia. A panel of B, T, monoclonal antibodies of the myelo-monocytic and megakaryocytic cell type was used. Response was assessed by bone marrow aspiration 14 days post treatment. RESULTS: 54 patients were included. The median age was 7 years (2 months - 14 years) median leukocyte count was 13,450/mm3 (1200-986,000/mm3). We identified 29 cases with late pre-B immune phenotype, 19 cases with common pre B and 6 cases with early preB immunophenotype. Eleven, patients also displayed myeloid antigens. A significant association (p=0.034) was found between early treatment response and the presence of myeloid antigens. No association was found between the pre-B immunophenotype, age and leukocyte count with early treatment response (p=0.264). CONCLUSIONS: We need to pay special emphasis on early treatment response in children with lymphoblast leukemia as our study did not corroborate the common finding that clinical factors and immune phenotype can be predictive factors.
Assuntos
Leucemia Linfoide/tratamento farmacológico , Leucemia Linfoide/imunologia , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras B/tratamento farmacológico , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras B/imunologia , Adolescente , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Imunofenotipagem , Lactente , Masculino , PrognósticoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To obtain the profile of students that deserted from the Faculty of Medicine of the Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, México. DESIGN: Cases and controls nested in a cohort. METHODS: All students that voluntarily deserted between 1992 and 2002 were consulted. Each student was compared in an aleatory form with a regular student and a proper questionnaire was applied. RESULTS: The significantly associated factors to abandon the Faculty of Medicine were: high school of origin (OR=2.43), extra-ordinary exam (OR=3.13), and lack of vocation (OR=2.41). CONCLUSION: The subjacent factors for not deserting from the Faculty of Medicine were: study habits, capacity for sustained effort, and tolerance to frustration.
Assuntos
Faculdades de Medicina , Evasão Escolar/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México , Fatores de Risco , Estudantes de MedicinaRESUMO
Objetivo: Determinar el valor pronóstico del inmunofenotipo pre B con sus variantes en la respuesta temprana al tratamiento de la leucemia aguda linfoblástica pediátrica, ajustando edad y cifra de leucocitos inicial. Pacientes y método: Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles anidado en una cohorte con pacientes menores de 15 años de edad, de los dos géneros, con leucemia aguda linfoblástica pre B de diagnóstico reciente. Se utilizó un panel de anticuerpos monoclonales específicos de la estirpe B, T, monocito mielocito y megacariocítica. Se evaluó la respuesta después de 14 días de tratamiento mediante aspirado de médula ósea. Resultados: Se incluyeron 54 pacientes. La mediana de edad fue de 7 años (2 m 14 años), la mediana de cifra de leucocitos fue 13,450/mm³ (1200-986,000/mm³). Se identificaron 29 casos con inmunofenotipo Pre B tardío, 19 casos pre B común y 6 casos de pre B precoz. Once pacientes presentaron antígenos mieloides asociados. Se encontró asociación significativa (p=0.034) entre respuesta temprana y la presencia de antígenos mieloides. No se demostró asociación entre las variantes del inmunofenotipo pre B, edad y cifra de leucocitos con la respuesta temprana (p=0.264). Conclusiones: Es necesario estudiar directamente la respuesta tem prana al tratamiento en los niños con leucemia linfoblástica ya que en nuestra muestra de pacientes los factores clínicos y el inmunofenotipo no fueron predictivos de ésta.
Objective: To determine the prognostic value of pre B immunophenotype and its variants on early treatment response among of acute pediatric lymphoblast leukemia. Patients and methods: A case control study nested in a cohort was carried out with male and female patients 15 years and younger with recently diagnosed pre B lymphoblast leukemia. A panel of B, T, monoclonal antibodies of the myelo monocytic and megakaryocytic cell type was used. Response was assessed by bone marrow aspiration 14 days post treatment. Results: 54 patients were included. The median age was 7 years (2 months - 14 years) median leukocyte count was 13,450/mm3 (1200-986,000/mm3). We identified 29 cases with late pre B immune phenotype, 19 cases with common pre B and 6 cases with early pre B immunophenotype. Eleven patients also displayed myeloid antigens. A significant association (p=0.034) was found between early treatment response and the presence of myeloid antigens. No association was found between the pre B immunophenotype, age and leukocyte count with early treatment response (p=0.264). Conclusions: We need to pay special emphasis on early treatment response in children with lymphoblast leukemia as our study did not corroborate the common finding that clinical factors and immune phenotype can be predictive factors.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Leucemia Linfoide/tratamento farmacológico , Leucemia Linfoide/imunologia , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras B/tratamento farmacológico , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras B/imunologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Imunofenotipagem , PrognósticoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Our objective was to determine risk factors and mortality for partial and complete bowel obstruction caused by Ascaris lumbricoides as well as diagnostic validity of eosinophilia in peripheral blood. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We studied 50 patients with partial or complete bowel obstruction and expulsion of Ascaris lumbricoides by mouth or anus, as well as 50 patients as controls; no patient had a negative coproparasitoscopic study. The period of study was from January 1995-December 2001 at the General Hospital of Ciudad Valles, San Luis Potosí State, Mexico. RESULTS: Cases with partial bowel obstruction had average age of 3.1 years against 10.13 years for those with complete obstruction (p = 0.029). Females accounted for 55% and males 43%, respectively. We do not find a relationship among nutritional status, gestational order in the family, and place of excreta deposition in this study group. In the case of eosinophilia, best point of section found was three or more eosinophils with sensitivity of 34% but specificity of 100%; mortality was 2%. CONCLUSIONS: We do not find a statistical difference between partial and complete bowel obstruction for different variables studied with the exception of age. To find 3% or more of eosinophils in peripheral blood strongly suggests the etiology of the obstruction as Ascaris lumbricoides at prevalence sites of this parasite.
Assuntos
Ascaríase/complicações , Ascaris lumbricoides , Obstrução Intestinal/parasitologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Animais , Ascaríase/diagnóstico , Ascaríase/mortalidade , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Eosinofilia/complicações , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Obstrução Intestinal/complicações , Obstrução Intestinal/diagnóstico , Obstrução Intestinal/mortalidade , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To compare the frequency of periodontal disease in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients with and without metabolic control, having a control group of healthy patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prolective cross sectional study with simple random sampling was carried out; patients were divided in three groups: A). Forty healthy subjects, B). Twenty diabetic patients with metabolic control, and C). Twenty diabetic patients without metabolic control. The diabetic subjects were evaluated with glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb) to determine the glucose control; clinical periodontal evaluations were performed for all teeth in each subject and following indexes were included: Plaque, gingival, mobility, probing depth, attachment level, bleeding on probing, and marginal bone loss. RESULTS: The imbalance of glucose of subjects with diabetes mellitus type 1 was associated with more frequency of periodontal disease (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The population of type 1 diabetes mellitus with imbalance of glucose showed association with periodontal disease.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Periodontais/prevenção & controle , Adolescente , Adulto , Glicemia/análise , Estudos Transversais , Placa Dentária/microbiologia , Índice de Placa Dentária , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/complicações , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Feminino , Doenças da Gengiva/epidemiologia , Doenças da Gengiva/etiologia , Doenças da Gengiva/prevenção & controle , Hemorragia Gengival/epidemiologia , Hemorragia Gengival/etiologia , Hemorragia Gengival/prevenção & controle , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/análise , Humanos , Insulina/uso terapêutico , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Doenças Periodontais/epidemiologia , Doenças Periodontais/etiologia , Bolsa Periodontal/epidemiologia , Bolsa Periodontal/prevenção & controle , Periodontite/epidemiologia , Periodontite/etiologia , Periodontite/prevenção & controle , Estudos Prospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To compare the frequency of periodontal disease in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients with and without metabolic control, having a control group of healthy patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prolective cross sectional study with simple random sampling was carried out; patients were divided in three groups: A). Forty healthy subjects, B). Twenty diabetic patients with metabolic control, and C). Twenty diabetic patients without metabolic control. The diabetic subjects were evaluated with glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb) to determine the glucose control; clinical periodontal evaluations were performed for all teeth in each subject and following indexes were included: Plaque, gingival, mobility, probing depth, attachment level, bleeding on probing, and marginal bone loss. RESULTS: The imbalance of glucose of subjects with diabetes mellitus type 1 was associated with more frequency of periodontal disease (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The population of type 1 diabetes mellitus with imbalance of glucose showed association with periodontal disease.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 , Doenças Periodontais/prevenção & controle , Bolsa Periodontal , Periodontite , Glicemia , Hemoglobinas Glicadas , Hemorragia Gengival , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Prospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Insulina , México , Doenças da Gengiva/epidemiologia , Doenças da Gengiva/etiologia , Doenças da Gengiva/prevenção & controle , Doenças Periodontais/epidemiologia , Doenças Periodontais/etiologia , Índice de Placa Dentária , Placa Dentária/microbiologiaRESUMO
Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia de fluorosis dental en la población infantil de la ciudad de San Luis Potosí, y su asociación con la concentración de flúor en agua de consumo y de orina. Asimismo, desarrollar, validar y probar un índice específico para fluorosis en dentición temporal. Material y métodos. Se efectuó un estudio transversal analítico, de mayo de 1997 a enero de 1999, en tres jardines de niños, seleccionados al azar, en tres áreas de riesgo en San Luis Potosí. Se seleccionaron 100 niños de edades entre tres y seis años. El índice específico de fluorosis para dientes temporales fue validado mediante la cuantificación de concentraciones de flúor en esmalte de dientes con y sin fluorosis. Para estimar la asociación entre las concentraciones de flúor en agua y orina y el grado de fluorosis dental se utilizó la prueba estadística Kruskal-Wallis. En el caso de la asociación entre el área de riesgo y el desarrollo de fluorosis dental se utilizó c2 de Mantel-Haenszel. Resultados. La prevalencia de fluorosis en dentición temporal fue de 78 por ciento, la cual tuvo patrones diferentes de presentación, siendo los dientes posteriores los más afectados en ambos maxilares y la coloración predominante fue blanco mate. Se encontró una correlación (r=0.93) entre la concentración de flúor en esmalte de dientes temporales y el índice de fluorosis para dentición temporal (IFDDT). Se encontraron asociaciones entre la concentración de flúor en el agua de consumo y orina con el grado de fluorosis dental (Kruskal-Wallis, p=0.00001) y entre el área de riesgo y el grado de fluorosis (c2 de Mantel-Haenszel p=0.00001). Conclusiones. El IFDDT identifica y gradúa adecuadamente la fluorosis en dentición temporal. Es importante detectar el primer efecto tóxico de exposición a flúor para ser usado como predictor de fluorosis en dentición permanente y fluorosis esquelética.