RESUMO
Standard diagnoses of SARS-CoV-2 infections are done by RNA extraction and real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR). However, the need for RNA extraction complicates testing due to increased processing time, high cost, and limited availability of commercial kits. Therefore, alternative methods for rRT-PCR detection of SARS-CoV-2 without RNA extraction were investigated. Nasopharyngeal and sputum samples were used to compare the sensitivity of three techniques: Trizol RNA extraction, thermal shock, and the direct use of samples with an RNase inhibitor. Direct, extraction-free use of primary samples plus the RNase inhibitor produced diagnostic values of 100 % sensitivity and specificity compared to standard protocols, and these findings were validated in a second, independent laboratory.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Teste para COVID-19 , Humanos , Nasofaringe , RNA Viral/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , EscarroRESUMO
In predominately immigrant neighborhoods, the nuances of immigrant life in the ethnic enclave have important, yet underappreciated impact on community health. The complexities of immigrant experiences are essential to unpacking and addressing the impact of acculturative processes on observed racial, ethnic, and class-based health disparities in the United States. These insights because they are largely unexplored are best captured qualitatively through academic-community research partnership. We established the participatory mixed method Little Village participatory community health assessment (CHA) to explore community health in an ethnic enclave. In this paper, we share findings from our qualitative component exploring: how do Residents in a Predominately Immigrant Neighborhood Perceive Community Health Needs and Assets in Little Village. Three major themes emerged: rich, health promoting community assets inherent in the ethnic enclave; cumulative chronic stress impacting the mental health of families and intra-familial strain; and, work and occupation as important but underappreciated community health determinants in an immigrant neighborhood. These nuanced findings enhanced our community health assessment and contributed to the development of two additional tailored CHA methods, a community member-administered Community Health Survey, and an oral history component that provided deeper insight on the community's health needs and assets, and a focus for action on work as a social determinant of health at the community level. Conducting trusted community-driven health assessments that are adaptive and flexible to capture authentic needs and assets are critical, given health consequences of the new anti-immigrant rhetoric and growing socio-political tensions and fear in immigrant neighborhoods in the United States.
Assuntos
Emigrantes e Imigrantes , Americanos Mexicanos , Avaliação das Necessidades/organização & administração , Aculturação , Adolescente , Adulto , Chicago , Pesquisa Participativa Baseada na Comunidade/organização & administração , Feminino , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Características de Residência/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Estresse Psicológico/etnologia , Confiança , Estados Unidos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Qualitative methods such as focus groups and interviews are common methodologies employed in participatory approaches to community health assessment to develop effective community health improvement plans. Oral histories are a rarely used form of qualitative inquiry that can enhance community health assessment in multiple ways. Oral histories center residents' lived experiences, which often reveal more complex social and health phenomena than conventional qualitative inquiry. This article examines an oral history research component of the Little Village Community Health Assessment, a collaborative research effort to promote health equity in an urban, Mexican ethnic enclave. We collected of 32 oral histories from residents to provide deeper, more grounded insight on community needs and assets. We initially used thematic data analysis. After analytic peer debriefings with the analysis team, we found the process inadvertently reductionist and instead opted for community listening events for participatory data analysis, knowledge translation, and dissemination of findings. Oral histories were most meaningful in their original audio form, adding to a holistic understanding of health by giving voice to complex problems while also naming and describing concepts that were culturally unique. Moreover, the oral histories collectively articulated a counternarrative that celebrated community cultural wealth and opposed the mainstream narrative of the community as deprived. We argue for the recognition and practice of oral histories as a more routine form of qualitative inquiry in community health assessment. In the pursuit of health equity and collaboratively working toward social justice, oral histories can push the boundaries of community health assessment research and practice.