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In this study, antibody response and a single-cell RNA-seq analysis were conducted on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from five different groups: naïve subjects vaccinated with AZD1222 (AZ) or Ad5-nCoV (Cso), individuals previously infected and later vaccinated (hybrid) with AZD1222 (AZ-hb) or Ad5-nCoV (Cso-hb), and those who were infected and had recovered from COVID-19 (Inf). The results showed that AZ induced more robust neutralizing antibody responses than Cso. The single-cell RNA data revealed a high frequency of memory B cells in the Cso and Cso-hb. In contrast, AZ and AZ-hb groups exhibited the highest proportion of activated naïve B cells expressing CXCR4. Transcriptomic analysis of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells demonstrated a heterogeneous response following vaccination, hybrid immunity, or natural infection. However, a single dose of Ad5-nCoV was sufficient to strongly activate CD4+ T cells (naïve and memory) expressing ANX1 and FOS, similar to the hybrid response observed with AZ. An interesting finding was the robust activation of a subset of CD8+ T cells expressing GZMB, GZMH, and IFNG genes in the Cso-hb group. Our findings suggest that both vaccines effectively stimulated the cellular immune response; however, the Ad5-nCoV induced a more robust CD8+ T-cell response in previously infected individuals.

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OBJECTIVE: To perform a literature review aimed to analyze if acupoint stimulation increases lactation quantity. METHOD: Studies were collected from five electronic databases following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines for systematic reviews. Eligibility criteria were full-text articles in English or Spanish with clinical trial design and observational studies, with no restriction on time of publication, in which the effect of acupoint stimulation on improving the quantity of lactation by conventional acupuncture, electroacupuncture, laser, fire needling, manual stimulation, tuina or catgut had been evaluated. Two authors independently extracted data for the characteristics and main outcomes of the studies selected for inclusion. The risk of bias (RoB 2 and Robins-I) and the quality assessments (GRADE) were performed. For the quantitative synthesis, the standardized mean difference was calculated for each individual study selected and then the data were combined using a random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS: A total of 14 studies were included in the present review. Most of the included studies exhibited some concerns in the risk of bias assessment. The quality of the studies was moderate. The meta-analysis showed that manual acupoint stimulation improves the lactation quantity (SMD 95% CI = 1.63 [1.13-2.13]; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The literature suggests that manual stimulation of acupuncture points improves the amount of milk produced during lactation.

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Objective: To analyze the behavior of pesticide poisoning associated with lethality in rural and urban populations in Colombia from 2007 to 2017. Methodology: Retrospective observational study that included a descriptive cross-sectional study and an ecological design that analyzed aggregate measures of morbidity, mortality, and risk attributable to the population in rural and urban areas. In the cross-sectional study, the relative risk was estimated to measure the factors associated with lethality among intoxications using Poisson regression with logarithmic function. For the time series, the trends were established with simple linear regression, and the seasonal decomposition was performed using the multiplicative model. Autocorrelations were tested using the Box-Ljung statistic. Results: Between 2007-2017; 89 490 cases were reported. The Morbidity due to poisoning showed a higher proportion in the rural population 36.03 cases per 100 000; this indicator was three times higher than in urban areas (12.33 cases per 100 000). The mortality rates in rural and urban areas were 1.00 and 0.13 cases per 100 000, respectively. The relative risk of fatality in case of intoxication was associated with the intention of suicide in the rural population Relative Risk (RR): 5.9 (95% CI: 5.0-6.9). Conclusion: A higher proportion of lethality associated with these events occurred in populations living in rural areas and reporting cases of suicidal intent. In addition, morbidity and mortality due to pesticide poisoning had the highest proportion in rural areas and a growing trend over time.

Objetivo: Analizar el comportamiento de las intoxicaciones por plaguicidas en poblaciones rurales y urbanas asociadas a la letalidad en Colombia durante 2007-2017. Metodología: Estudio observacional retrospectivo que incluyó: un estudio descriptivo transversal y un diseño ecológico que analizó medidas agregadas de morbilidad, mortalidad y riesgo atribuibles a la población en áreas rurales y urbanas. En el estudio transversal se estimó el riesgo relativo para medir los factores asociados a la letalidad entre las intoxicaciones mediante regresión de Poisson con función logarítmica. Para la serie de tiempo, las tendencias se establecieron con regresión lineal simple y la descomposición estacional se realizó mediante el modelo multiplicativo. Las autocorrelaciones se probaron mediante el estadístico Box-Ljung. Resultados: Entre 2007-2017; Se notificaron 89 490 casos. La Morbilidad por intoxicación presentó mayor proporción en la población rural 36,03 casos por 100 000; este indicador fue tres veces mayor que en las áreas urbanas (12,33 casos por 100 000). Las tasas de mortalidad en el área rural y urbana fueron de 1,00 y 0,13 casos por 100 000, respectivamente. El riesgo relativo de fatalidad en caso de intoxicación se asoció con la intención de suicidio en la población rural RR: 5,9 (IC 95%: 5,0-6,9). Conclusión: Una mayor proporción de letalidad asociada a estos eventos ocurrió en poblaciones que viven en áreas rurales y reportan casos de intención suicida. Además, la morbilidad y mortalidad por intoxicación por plaguicidas tuvo la mayor proporción en las zonas rurales y una tendencia creciente en el tiempo.

Objetivo: Analisar o comportamento das intoxicações por agrotóxicos em populações rurais e urbanas associadas à letalidade na Colômbia durante 2007-2017. Metodologia: Estudo observacional retrospectivo que incluiu: estudo transversal descritivo e delineamento ecológico que analisou medidas agregadas de morbidade, mortalidade e risco atribuíveis à população em áreas rurais e urbanas. No estudo transversal, o risco relativo foi estimado para medir os fatores associados à letalidade entre as intoxicações por meio da regressão de Poisson com função logarítmica. Para as séries temporais, as tendências foram estabelecidas com regressão linear simples e a decomposição sazonal foi realizada usando o modelo multiplicativo. As autocorrelações foram testadas usando a estatística Box-Ljung. Resultados: Entre 2007-2017; 89.490 casos foram notificados. A Morbidade por intoxicação apresentou maior proporção na população rural 36,03 casos por 100.000; este indicador foi três vezes superior ao das zonas urbanas (12,33 casos por 100 000). As taxas de mortalidade nas áreas rural e urbana foram de 1,00 e 0,13 casos por 100.000 habitantes, respectivamente. O risco relativo de fatalidade em caso de intoxicação associou-se à intenção de suicídio na população rural RR: 5,9 (IC 95%: 5,0-6,9). Conclusão: Maior proporção de letalidade associada a esses eventos ocorreu em populações residentes em áreas rurais e com relato de casos de intenção suicida. Além disso, a morbimortalidade por intoxicação por agrotóxicos teve maior proporção na zona rural e tendência crescente ao longo do tempo.

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SARS-CoV-2 infects humans and a broad spectrum of animal species, such as pets, zoo animals, and nondomestic animals. Monitoring infection in animals is important in terms of the risk of interspecies transmission and the emergence of new viral variants. Economical, fast, efficient, and sensitive diagnostic tests are needed to analyze animal infection. Double-antigen sandwich ELISA has the advantage of being multispecies and can be used for detecting infections caused by pathogens that infect several animal hosts. This study aimed to develop a double-antigen sandwich ELISA using two SARS-CoV-2 proteins, N and RBD. We compared its performance, when using these proteins separately, with an indirect ELISA and with a surrogate virus neutralization test. Positive and negative controls from a cat population (n = 31) were evaluated to compare all of the tests. After confirming that double-antigen sandwich ELISA with both RBD and N proteins had the best performance (AUC= 88%), the cutoff was adjusted using positive and negative samples from cats, humans (n = 32) and guinea pigs (n = 3). The use of samples from tigers (n = 2) and rats (n = 51) showed good agreement with the results previously obtained using the microneutralization test. Additionally, a cohort of samples from dogs with unknown infection status was evaluated. These results show that using two SARS-CoV-2 proteins in the double-antigen sandwich ELISA increases its performance and turns it into a valuable assay with which to monitor previous infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 in different animal species.

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SARS-CoV-2 mainly affects humans; however, it is important to monitor the infection of companion and wild animals as possible reservoirs of this virus. In this sense, seroprevalence studies in companion animals, such as dogs and cats, provide important information about the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2. This study aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against the ancestral strain and the Omicron BA.1 subvariant in dogs and cats in Mexico. Six hundred and two samples were obtained from dogs (n = 574) and cats (n = 28). These samples were collected from the end of 2020 to December 2021 from different regions of Mexico. The presence of nAbs was evaluated using a plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) and microneutralization (MN) assays. The results showed that 14.2% of cats and 1.5% of dogs presented nAbs against the ancestral strain of SARS-CoV-2. The analysis of nAbs against Omicron BA.1 in cats showed the same percentage of positive animals but a reduced titer. In dogs, 1.2% showed nAbs against Omicron BA.1. These results indicate that nAbs were more frequent in cats than in dogs and that these nAbs have a lower capacity to neutralize the subvariant Omicron BA.1.

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Resumen El objetivo de este artículo fue evaluar la evidencia sobre el uso de una aparatología ortopédica prequirúrgica (AOP) en pacientes con labio y paladar hendido. Se realizó una búsqueda en las siguientes bases de datos: Medline/PubMed, Google Scholar, Clinical Trails.gov, ProQuest y Web of Science. En la búsqueda, se encontraron 7.926 registros, de los cuales se analizaron 105 artículos de texto completo; de éstos se incluyeron 23 estudios en pacientes con uso de AOP, asi como su grupo control sin el uso del AOP, previo al mismo tipo de cirugía. Los aparatos más utilizados para la AOP en el manejo de LPH fueron: el paladar pasivo (Paladar de Hotz), el modelador nasolaveolar (NAM), aparato McNeil y por último el T-traction; los principales desenlaces evaluados fueron: la estética facial y apariencia nasal; la evaluación de medidas cefalométricas, de vías aéreas superiores, nasales, del ancho de la fisura y así como puntos de referencia anatómicos como la distancia inter-canina e inter-tuberosidad. Además, se encontraron estudios que evaluaron oclusión y la fonación. La evidencia de esta literatura sugiere que el uso de aparatos activos tiene un mejor efecto que la placa pasiva, en términos de estética facial y aproximación de los segmentos maxilares para el cierre de la fisura. Sin embargo, la heterogeneidad, el riesgo de sesgo y la baja calidad de los estudios no permite tener conclusiones sólidas.

Abstract This review article aimed to evaluate the evidence on the use of a presurgical orthopedic appliance (POP) in patients with cleft lip and palate. The search was conducted using Medline/PubMed, Scholar Google, Clinical Trails, ProQuest, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. During the search, 7,926 records were found, of which 105 full-text articles were analyzed, and 23 studies included analysis in patients with the use of POP, and their control groups without the use of POP prior to the same type of surgery. The devices most used for POP in the management of LPH were: the passive palate (Hotz palate), the nasolaveolar moulding (NAM), the McNeil device, and finally, the T-traction. The primary outcomes evaluated were: facial aesthetics and nasal appearance; the evaluation of cephalometric measurements, upper airways, nasal fissure width, as well as anatomical references such as inter-canine and intertuberosity distances. In addition, studies that evaluated occlusion and phonation were found. The evidence from this literature suggests that the use of active appliances had a better effect than passive appliances in terms of facial aesthetics and approximation of the maxillary segments for the closure of the fissure. However, the heterogeneity, the risk of bias, and the low quality of the studies do not allow to state firm conclusions.

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SARS-CoV-2 can infect pets under natural conditions, which raises questions about the risk factors related to the susceptibility of these animals to infection. The status of pet infection by SARS-CoV-2 in Mexico is not well-understood. We aimed to estimate the frequency of positive household cats and dogs to viral RNA and antibodies for SARS-CoV-2 during the second wave of human infections in Mexico, and to recognize the major risk factors related to host and pet ownership behaviour. We evaluated two study groups, cats and dogs from COVID-19-infected/-suspected households (n = 44) and those admitted for veterinary care for any reason at several veterinary hospitals in Puebla City, Mexico (n = 91). Using RT-PCR, we identified the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in swabs of four dogs (18.18%) and zero cats in COVID-19-infected/-suspected households; within this group, 31.82% of dogs and 27.27% of cats were tested IgG ELISA-positive; and neutralizing antibodies were detected in one dog (4.55%) and two cats (9.09%). In the random group (pets evaluated at private clinics and veterinary teaching hospital), 25.00% of dogs and 43.59% of cats were ELISA-positive and only one cat showed neutralizing antibodies (2.56%). Older than 4-year-old, other pets at home, and daily cleaning of pet dish, were each associated with an increase in SARS-CoV-2 infection (p < 0.05). Allowing face lick, sharing bed/food with pets and owner tested positive or suspected COVID-19 were not significant risk factors, but more than 4 h the owner spent away from home during the lockdown for COVID-19 (OR = 0.37, p = 0.01), and outdoor pet food tray (OR = 0.32, p = 0.01) significantly decreased the risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pets, suggesting that time the owner spends with their pet is an important risk factor.

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Neuroglobin (Ngb) is a protein expressed in the central and peripherical nervous systems of the vertebrate. The Ngb has different functions in neurons, including regulating O 2 homeostasis, oxidative stress, and as a neuroprotector after ischemia/hypoxia events. The Ngb is a hemoprotein of the globin family, structurally like myoglobin and hemoglobin. Ngb has higher expression in the cortex, hypothalamus, thalamus, brainstem, and cerebellum in mammals. Interestingly, Ngb immunoreactivity oscillates according to the sleep-wake cycle and decreases after 24 hours of sleep deprivation, suggesting that sleep homeostasis regulates Ngb expression. In addition, Ngb expresses in brain areas related to REM sleep regulation. Therefore, in the present review, we discuss the potential role of the Ngb in the sleep-wake regulation of mammals.

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Recently, biomimetic bioactive biomaterials have been introduced to the market for dental pulp capping. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine any variation between the effect of using TheraCal LC and other bioactive biomaterials for pulp capping is different, as measured by dentin increment and clinical success. The risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias 2 and Newcastle−Ottawa tools for randomized clinical trials and observational studies. A search for relevant articles was performed on five databases. Additionally, the quality of the included studies was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria. A summary of individual studies and a meta-analysis were performed. The odds ratio of data from clinical success was combined using a random-effects meta-analysis. The meta-analysis results showed homogeneity between the studies (I2 = 0%). They revealed that the clinical success showed no differences between the patients who received TheraCal LC, light-cured calcium silicate-based biomimetic biomaterial, for dental pulp capping or the comparator biomaterials (p > 0.5). However, the certainty of the evidence was low to moderate due to the risk of bias in the included studies.

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Here, we report three near-full-length genome sequences of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) obtained in Mexico City, Mexico, during the pandemic of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) in 2020, representing a zooanthroponotic transmission event between humans and a dog. All three genomes belong to the B.1.189 lineage based on the pangolin classification.

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We have demonstrated for the first time a comprehensive evolutionary analysis of the Mexican lineage H5N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) using complete genome sequences (n = 189), from its first isolation in 1993 until 2019. Our study showed that the Mexican lineage H5N2 AIV originated from the North American wild bird gene pool viruses around 1990 and is currently circulating in poultry populations of Mexico, the Dominican Republic, and Taiwan. Since the implementation of vaccination in 1995, the highly pathogenic AIV (HPAIV) H5N2 virus was eradicated from Mexican poultry in mid-1995. However, the low pathogenic AIV (LPAIV) H5N2 virus has continued to circulate in domestic poultry populations in Mexico, eventually evolving into five distinct clades. In the current study, we demonstrate that the evolution of Mexican lineage H5N2 AIVs involves gene reassortments and mutations gained over time. The current circulating Mexican lineage H5N2 AIVs are classified as LPAIV based on the amino acid sequences of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein cleavage site motif as well as the results of the intravenous pathogenicity index (IVPI). The immune pressure from vaccinations most likely has played a significant role in the positive selection of antigenic drift mutants within the Mexican H5N2 AIVs. Most of the identified substitutions in these viruses are located on the critical antigenic residues of the HA protein and as a result, might have contributed to vaccine failures. This study highlights and stresses the need for vaccine updates while emphasizing the importance of continued molecular monitoring of the HA protein for its antigenic changes compared to the vaccines used.

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Chromenes are compounds that may be useful for inhibiting topoisomerase and cytochrome, enzymes involved in the growth of cancer and fungal cells, respectively. The aim of this study was to synthesize a series of some novel 2-amino-3-cyano-4-aryl-6,7-methylendioxy-4H-chromenes 4a-o and 2-amino-3-cyano-5,7-dimethoxy-4-aryl-4H-chromenes 6a-h by a three-component reaction, and test these derivatives for anticancer and antifungal activity. Compounds 4a and 4b were more active than cisplatin (9) and topotecan (7) in SK-LU-1 cells, and more active than 9 in PC-3 cells. An evaluation was also made of the series of compounds 4 and 6 as potential antifungal agents against six Candida strains, finding their MIC50 to be less than or equal to that of fluconazole (8). Molecular docking studies are herein reported, for the interaction of 4 and 6 with topoisomerase IB and the active site of CYP51 of Candida spp. Compounds 4a-o and 6a-h interacted in a similar way as 7 with key amino acids of the active site of topoisomerase IB and showed better binding energy than 8 at the active site of CYP51. Hence, 4a-o and 6a-h are good candidates for further research, having demonstrated their dual inhibition of enzymes that participate in the growth of cancer and fungal cells.

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The aim of this study was to determine the association between the concentrations of intradomiciliary PM2.5, CO, and BC and alterations in respiratory function parameters in a population living in rural dwellings in Bogotá, Colombia. For this cross-sectional study, people were recruited from the rural areas of the localities of Usme and Sumapaz in Bogotá. In total, 68 participants were recruited by means of nonrandom sampling. Indoor air monitoring of PM2.5, BC, and CO was carried out. Additionally, evaluations of pulmonary function were performed using spirometry. The variables of pulmonary function were included in a multiple linear regression by successive steps and adjusted by the main variables described as modifiers of spirometry parameters, which are age, height, sex, disability, and a history of tobacco use. Assumptions of multicollinearity and the randomization of variances in the residuals were evaluated. Negative associations were found between spirometry parameters and the concentrations of indoor air pollutants. For FEV1/FVC and theoretical FEV1, there was a statistically significant association with the concentration of carbon monoxide (p = 0.003 and 0.019, respectively). The environmental concentrations were higher in homes where biomass was used for cooking, but these differences were statistically significant only for BC and CO (p = 0.008 and 0.03, respectively). The concentrations of carbon monoxide in rural homes were associated with alterations in respiratory function parameters.

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Biofiltration offers an efficient and economical alternative for the elimination of offensive odors caused by hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, and volatile organic compounds. Considering that packing materials affect the performance and represent the main installation cost, the purpose of this work was to evaluate the biofiltration of H2S and NH3 comparing three composted mixtures made from chicken manure and lignocellulosic residues (pruning waste, sugarcane bagasse, and rice husk) used as packing material. A range of gas concentrations similar to those of a municipal WWTP was used in the biofiltration of a contaminated stream performed on a laboratory scale. The results indicate that at low concentrations of H2S (6-36 ppm) and NH3 (0-1 ppm), the three biofilters showed 100% removal efficiency. Now, at the maximum levels of gas concentrations of H2S (250 ppm) and NH3 (19 ppm) while the removal efficiency of H2S remained higher than 90% in all cases, the removal efficiency of NH3 remained higher than 90% only in the sugarcane bagasse biofilter. Compost mixtures with sugarcane bagasse and rice husk are highly reliable as packing material for biofiltration at high concentration of H2S. Specifically, the sugarcane bagasse mixture had the highest removal efficiency (99% H2S and 95% NH3) and the highest elimination capacity (15 g H2S/m3h and 0.6 g NH3/m3h), making it a better option for the elimination of both gases. These results represent a contribution to the construction of a low-price elimination system of offensive odors in WTTPs and other industries.

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During the phenomena modelling process in the different areas of science and engineering is common to face nonlinear equations without exact solutions; thus, the need of employing numerical methods to obtain such solutions. Therefore, in order to provide new possibilities for the isolation of variables, we propose a novel family of transcendental functions with new algebraic properties including their integration and differentiation rules. Likewise, in order facilitate the numerical evaluation for every new family set of functions, a highly accurate series of approximations is proposed by employing analytical expressions in terms of known transcendental functions and polynomials combinations. By the use of known functions for the proposed approximations, makes possible the use of any programming language for their respective implementation. In this article, three interesting case studies are presented with applications on: coastal engineering, transmission lines span on electrical engineering, and the planar one-dimensional Bratu equation. Finally, based on the results from study cases, it can be concluded that Leal-functions will have relevant impact in all areas of physics and mathematics, by providing new tools to scientists and engineers for the proposal of new mathematical models and numerical/analytical analysis, design and implementation of new theories and technological innovations.

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Neuroglobin (Ngb) is a protein member of the globin family, expressed mainly in the central and peripheral nervous system. It is involved in the transport of oxygen in response to hypoxic/ischemic and oxidative stress-related insults. We recently showed that sleep deprivation reduces the number of Ngb-positive cells in brain areas related to sleep. However, it is poorly understood whether Ngb expression correlates with sleep occurrence. Here, we aimed to study if sleep recovery produced by 24 h of sleep deprivation restores the number of Ngb-positive cells in the pedunculopontine tegmentum (PPTg) and laterodorsal tegmentum (LDTg), brain areas related to sleep-wake regulation. Male Wistar rats were sleep-deprived for 24 h using the gentle handling method. After sleep deprivation, rats were allowed a sleep recovery for three or six hours. After sleep recovery, rats were euthanized, and their brains processed for Ngb immunohistochemistry. We found that a 3 h sleep recovery is enough to restore the number of Ngb-positive cells in all the analyzed areas. A similar result was observed after a 6 h sleep recovery. These results suggest that Ngb expression is sleep dependent. We suggest that Ngb expression is involved in preventing cell damage due to prolonged wakefulness.

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AIM: to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of self-expandable metal stent placement for malignant gastric outlet obstruction (GOO). METHODS: a retrospective, analytic cohort study at a single, tertiary-care center. RESULTS: thirty-six patients that underwent stent placement for GOO of malignant origin were identified during the study period. Technical success was achieved in 36 (100 %) patients and clinical success was achieved in 31 patients (86.1 %). Before the procedure, 17 (54.8 %) patients had a gastric outlet obstruction score (GOOSS) of 0, which is a complete inability of oral intake. Twenty-three patients were alive 30 days after the procedure, two (8.6 %) patients had a GOOSS of 1, ten (43.3 %) had a GOOSS of 2 and eleven (47.9 %) had a GOOSS of 3. Abdominal pain was present in all 31 patients before the procedure and only seven (22.6 %) patients continued with abdominal pain 24 hours after the procedure. During follow-up, ten (30.3 %) patients developed complications related to the stents and none of them was fatal. Additional therapy due to partial occlusion of the stent was necessary in three patients. The stents functional duration had a median of 72 days (IQR 25-75 15-105 days) and was closely related to overall survival. CONCLUSION: palliative stenting for gastroduodenal obstruction is a safe, feasible and effective therapy to treat patients with malignant gastric outlet obstruction.

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This work presents the novel Leal-polynomials (LP) for the approximation of nonlinear differential equations of different kind. The main characteristic of LPs is that they satisfy multiple expansion points and its derivatives as a mechanism to replicate behaviour of the nonlinear problem, giving more accuracy within the region of interest. Therefore, the main contribution of this work is that LP satisfies the successive derivatives in some specific points, resulting more accurate polynomials than Taylor expansion does for the same degree of their respective polynomials. Such characteristic makes of LPs a handy and powerful tool to approximate different kind of differential equations including: singular problems, initial condition and boundary-valued problems, equations with discontinuities, coupled differential equations, high-order equations, among others. Additionally, we show how the process to obtain the polynomials is straightforward and simple to implement; generating a compact, and easy to compute, expression. Even more, we present the process to approximate Gelfand's equation, an equation of an isothermal reaction, a model for chronic myelogenous leukemia, Thomas-Fermi equation, and a high order nonlinear differential equations with discontinuities getting, as result, accurate, fast and compact approximate solutions. In addition, we present the computational convergence and error studies for LPs resulting convergent polynomials and error tendency to zero as the order of LPs increases for all study cases. Finally, a study of CPU time shows that LPs require a few nano-seconds to be evaluated, which makes them suitable for intensive computing applications.

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RESUMEN Los organismos financieros internacionales y de Naciones Unidas han promovido la estrategia de la Cobertura Universal en Salud (CUS) como la mejor forma de garantizar el acceso a los servicios de salud. Este artículo debate esta propuesta desde el punto de vista de su eficacia para la garantía del derecho a la salud, además de su funcionalidad para la acumulación de capital en el llamado 'complejo médico industrial y financiero' de la salud, en el marco de la financiarización y el capitalismo cognitivo. El caso colombiano, ejemplo de la aplicación de la CUS en más de veinte años, pone en evidencia los límites de la propuesta. Como alternativa se presenta la opción de los sistemas universales de protección social, apoyado en un debate público abierto y de movilización social local y global por la defensa de la vida, no solo humana, y no reducida al acceso a servicios de salud.

ABSTRACT The international financial organizations and United Nations have promoted the strategy of Universal Health Coverage (UHC) as the best way to guarantee access to health care services. This article discusses this proposal from the point of view of its effectiveness for the guarantee of the right to health as well as its functionality for the accumulation of capital in the so-called 'financial and industrial medical complex' of health, within the framework of financialization and cognitive capitalism. The Colombian case, an example of the application of the CUS in more than twenty years, highlights the limits of the proposal. As an alternative, the option of universal social protection systems is presented, supported by an open public debate and local and global social mobilization for the defense of life, not only human, and not reduced to access to health care services.

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