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Introducción: Las anomalías congénitas renales y de las vías urinarias constituyen la principal causa de enfermedad renal crónica en la edad pediátrica. Su etiología es multifactorial. Intervienen factores maternos, genéticos y ambientales. En Cuba, las afecciones congénitas del riñón y las vías urinarias constituyen una latente preocupación y aunque se ha incrementado el diagnóstico prenatal de las mismas, el número de pacientes diagnosticados es alto. Objetivo: Contribuir al conocimiento de la comunidad científica en relación con los factores de riesgo asociados a las anomalías del desarrollo renal. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura médica disponible en las bases de datos Ebsco, SciELO, Scopus, Pubmed, revistas de nefrología pediátrica, pediatría, genética y teratología; y en la red social académica: Researchgate. Se accedió, durante los últimos cinco años, a varios artículos publicados en español y en inglés. Se utilizaron los descriptores Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract, hydronephrosis, risk factors, prenatal diagnosis, congenital abnormalities. Conclusiones: La presencia de la diabetes, desde la etapa preconcepcional y durante las primeras semanas del embarazo, la obesidad, las dietas maternas bajas en proteínas, y las alteraciones de la fertilidad, se asocian a las anomalías del desarrollo renal. Existen factores de riesgo específicos para determinados tipos de defectos congénitos renales y de las vías urinarias. No se considera, que el consumo del ácido fólico tenga un papel protector sobre las alteraciones de la embriogénesis renal, por lo que se recomienda ser cauteloso con la dosis que se administra a las embarazadas.
Introduction: congenital renal and urinary tract anomalies are the main cause of chronic kidney disease in children. Its etiology is multifactorial. Maternal, genetic and environmental factors are involved. In Cuba, congenital renal and urinary tract affections constitute a latent concern, and although their prenatal diagnoses have increased, the number of diagnosed patients is high. Objective: to contribute to the knowledge of the scientific community in relation to the risk factors associated with renal developmental anomalies. Methods: a systematic review of the available medical literature was carried out in Ebsco, SciELO, Scopus and Pubmed databases, in pediatric nephrology, pediatrics, genetics, and teratology journals as well as in the academic social network: Researchgate. Several articles published in Spanish and English languages were accessed during the last five years. The used descriptors were congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract, hydronephrosis, risk factors, prenatal diagnosis and congenital abnormalities. Conclusions: the presence of diabetes, from the preconceptional stage and during the first weeks of pregnancy, obesity, maternal diets low in protein, and fertility disorders, are associated with renal developmental anomalies. There are specific risk factors for certain types of kidney and urinary tract birth defects. It is not considered that the consumption of folic acid has a protective role on the alterations of renal embryogenesis, so it is recommended to be cautious with the dose administered to pregnant women.
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Diagnóstico Pré-Natal , Anormalidades Congênitas , Anormalidades Urogenitais , Fatores de Risco , HidronefroseRESUMO
In the present work, a biocatalytic glucose optical sensor produced by immobilizing glucose oxidase (GOD) as a recognition molecule over a PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate) optical fiber is introduced. An enzymatic encapsulation process was carried out using the sol-gel method, depositing a TEOS-based coating by immersion at the end of an optical fiber; the biosensor was characterized using different glucose levels. Finally, the best way to encapsulate the enzyme and prevent it from degrading is to perform the process at room temperature, and later implement the deposition of the coating on the fiber. The drying process was optimal below 8 °C.
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The mechanism is unclear for the reported protective effect of hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning against oxidative stress in tissues, and the distinct effects of hyperbaric oxygen applied after stress. The trained mice were divided into three groups: the control, hyperbaric oxygenation preconditioning, and hyperbaric oxygenation applied after mild (fasting) or hard (prolonged exercise) stress. After preconditioning, we observed a decrease in basal levels of nitric oxide, tetrahydrobiopterin, and catalase despite the drastic increase in inducible and endothelial nitric oxide synthases. Moreover, the basal levels of glutathione, related enzymes, and nitrosative stress only increased in the preconditioning group. The control and preconditioning groups showed a similar mild stress response of the endothelial and neuronal nitric oxide synthases. At the same time, the activity of all nitric oxide synthase, glutathione (GSH) in muscle, declined in the experimental groups but increased in control during hard stress. The results suggested that hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning provoked uncoupling of nitric oxide synthases and the elevated levels of GSH in muscle during this study, while hyperbaric oxygen applied after stress showed a lower level of GSH but higher recovery post-exercise levels in the majority of antioxidant enzymes. We discuss the possible mechanisms of the redox response and the role of the nitric oxide in this process.
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Introducción: La COVID-19 es una enfermedad con brechas en su conocimiento. Se requiere explorar sus manifestaciones clínicas en el tiempo y consecuencias para el desempeño en la población trabajadora. Objetivo: Identificar características clínica-epidemiológicas y aptitud para el trabajo en trabajadores de la salud convalecientes de la COVID-19. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio longitudinal prospectivo con trabajadores de la salud de La Habana. La población estuvo constituida por 40 trabajadores, quienes acudieron a consulta de convalecientes de la COVID-19 en mayo de 2021, a los que se les dio seguimiento hasta mayo de 2022. Resultados: Persistieron al cierre del año, la disnea (18,8 %), insomnio (18,8 %), artralgia (12,5 %). La hipertensión arterial, obesidad y asma bronquial fueron las principales comorbilidades. Aptos para el puesto trabajo, 100 % de los trabajadores. Conclusiones: Los síntomas postCOVID-19 disminuyeron considerablemente a partir de los 8 meses del inicio de la enfermedad y persistieron la disnea, artralgia e insomnio al cierre del año.
Introduction: COVID-19 is a disease with gaps in its knowledge. It is required to explore its clinical manifestations over time and consequences for performance in the working population. Objective: To identify the clinico-epidemiological characteristics and the fitness to work in health workers convalescing from COVID-19. Material and Methods: A prospective longitudinal study was carried out on health workers in Havana. The population consisted of 40 workers who attended the COVID-19 convalescent consultation and were followed up in May 2022. Results: Dyspnea (18.8 %), insomnia (18.8 %), and arthralgia (12.5 %) persisted at the end of the year. Hypertension, obesity and bronchial asthma were the main comorbidities. In addition, 100 % of workers were fit for work. Conclusions: PostCOVID-19 symptoms deceased considerably 8 months after the onset of the disease; dyspnea, arthralgia, and insomnia persisted at the end of the year.
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Background: The degree of temporal overlap between sympatric wild hosts species and their behavioral interactions can be highly relevant to the transmission of pathogens. However, this topic has been scantly addressed. Furthermore, temporal overlap and interactions within an assemblage of wild rodents composed of native and introduced species have been rarely discussed worldwide. We assessed the nocturnal activity patterns and interactions between rodent taxa of an assemblage consisting of native species (Oligoryzomys longicaudatus, Abrothrix hirta, and Abrothrix olivaceus) and the introduced black rat (Rattus rattus) in a temperate forest from southern Chile. All rodent species in this study are known hosts for various zoonotic pathogens. Results: We found a high nocturnal temporal overlap within the rodent assemblage. However, pairwise comparisons of temporal activity patterns indicated significant differences among all taxa. Rattus rattus showed aggressive behaviors against all native rodents more frequently than against their conspecifics. As for native rodents, agonistic behaviors were the most common interactions between individuals of the same taxon and between individuals of different taxa (O. longicaudatus vs Abrothrix spp.). Conclusions: Our findings reveal several interactions among rodent taxa that may have implications for pathogens such as hantaviruses, Leptospira spp., and vector-borne pathogens. Furthermore, their transmission may be facilitated by the temporal overlap observed between rodent taxa. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40850-022-00152-7.
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RESUMEN Introducción: las malformaciones congénitas renales y de las vías urinarias constituyen un grupo heterogéneo de anomalías secundarias a un proceso anormal en el desarrollo embrionario del sistema renal. Objetivo: profundizar en los aspectos relacionados con el diagnóstico precoz de las malformaciones congénitas renales y de vías urinarias, como causa frecuente de la enfermedad renal crónica oculta en la edad pediátrica, desde una perspectiva integral y personalizada, sobre la base de un enfoque médico social. Métodos: se realizó una revisión sistemática sobre el tema en las bases de datos: EBSCO, SciELO, Scopus, PubMed, y en revistas de Nefrología pediátrica, de Pediatría, de Genética y de Teratología. Los artículos fueron publicados en idioma español o inglés. Se realizó un análisis de contenido directo para lograr la actualización teórica del tema con un enfoque médico social. Conclusiones: el desarrollo de la Nefrología pediátrica constituye una línea de trabajo del MINSAP. Sus principios son: la intersectorialidad, la prevención y la participación de especialidades afines (de manera que se alcancen resultados asistenciales, docentes e investigativos que determinen mayor calidad en el diagnóstico precoz de las malformaciones congénitas renales y de vías urinarias). Dicha afección es causa frecuente de la enfermedad renal crónica oculta en la edad pediátrica, desde una perspectiva integral y personalizada, sobre la base de un enfoque médico social.
ABSTRACT Introduction: congenital renal and urinary tract malformations constitute a heterogeneous group of anomalies secondary to an abnormal embryonic development of the renal system. Objective: to study in depth the aspects related to the early diagnosis of congenital renal and urinary tract malformations, as a frequent cause of occult chronic kidney disease in the paediatric age group, from an integral and personalized perspective, based on a medical and social approach. Methods: a systematic review on the subject was carried out in the following databases: EBSCO, SciELO, Scopus, PubMed, and in journals of Paediatric Nephrology, Paediatrics, Genetics and Teratology. The articles were published in Spanish or English languages. A direct content analysis was performed to achieve the theoretical update of the topic with a medical and social approach. Conclusions: the development of Paediatric Nephrology constitutes a line of work of MINSAP. Its principles are intersectoriality, prevention and participation of related specialities (in order to achieve care, teaching and research results that determine greater quality in the early diagnosis of congenital renal and urinary tract malformations). This condition is a frequent cause of occult chronic kidney disease in the paediatric age group, from an integral and personalized perspective, based on a medical and social approach.
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Diagnóstico Pré-Natal , Anormalidades Congênitas , Sistema Urinário/anormalidades , Processo Saúde-Doença , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/etiologiaRESUMO
Myocardial ischemia continues to be the first cause of morbimortality in the world; the definitive treatment is reperfusion; however, this action causes additional damage to ischemic myocardial tissue; this forces to seek therapies of cardioprotection to reduce this additional damage. There are many cardioprotective agents; within these, cannabinoids have shown to have beneficial effects, mainly cannabidiol (CBD). CBD is a non psychoactive cannabinoid. To evaluate the effect in experimental models of CBD in myocardial ischemia reperfusion in rats, twelve-week-old male rats have been used. The animals were divides in 3 groups: control(C), ischemia reperfusion (IR) and CBD pretreatment (1/day/5mg/kg /10days). Langendorff organ isolate studies were performed, and the area of infarction was assessed with triphenyl tetrazolium, in addition to molecular analysis of AT1 and AT2 receptors and Akt and Erk proteins and their phosphorylated forms related to RISK pathways. It was observed that there is an improvement with the use of CBD increasing inotropism and cardiac lusitropism, improving considerably the cardiovascular functionality. These could be related to the reduction of the area of infarction and activation of the AT2 receptor and the RISK pathway with absence of activation of the AT2 receptor (these could relate the reduction of the infarct area and the restoration of cardiovascular function with the activation of the AT2 receptor and the RISK pathway with the absence of activation of the AT2 receptor). The use of cannabinoids was shown to have beneficial effects when used as a treatment for myocardial reperfusion damage.
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Canabidiol/uso terapêutico , Cardiotônicos/uso terapêutico , Traumatismo por Reperfusão Miocárdica/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Canabidiol/farmacologia , Cardiotônicos/farmacologia , Coração/fisiologia , Hemodinâmica , Técnicas In Vitro , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Traumatismo por Reperfusão Miocárdica/metabolismo , Traumatismo por Reperfusão Miocárdica/fisiopatologia , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Ratos Wistar , Receptor Tipo 1 de Angiotensina/metabolismo , Receptor Tipo 2 de Angiotensina/metabolismo , Função Ventricular Esquerda/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
RESUMEN El reflujo vesicoureteral es una causa frecuente de daño renal crónico y necesidad de tratamiento sustitutivo renal. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo longitudinal en pacientes con diagnóstico de reflujo vesicoureteral, que fueron atendidos en consulta de Nefrología pediátrica durante un período de cinco años, con el objetivo de identificar: las manifestaciones clínicas iniciales, los factores asociados y las alteraciones en estudios de imagen. El síntoma inicial fundamental fue la recurrencia de infecciones urinarias febriles (82,3 %). Se encontraron varios factores de riesgo asociados: el antecedente familiar de malformaciones renales (57,32 %), la diabetes materna (38,45 %), el hábito de fumar (24,67 %) y la anemia (18,20 %). Se observaron alteraciones sonográficas (60 %); predominaron el reflujo vesicoureteral grado 3 y la presencia de cicatrices renales. Las alteraciones sonográficas son frecuentes en estos pacientes, si bien su normalidad no lo descarta. La nefropatía cicatrizal se asocia al reflujo vesicoureteral, sobre todo asociado a infecciones urinarias febriles.
ABSTRACT Vesicoureteral reflux is a frequent cause of chronic kidney damage and the need for renal replacement therapy. A longitudinal descriptive study was carried out in patients who were diagnosed with vesicoureteral reflux and seen in the Pediatric Nephrology consultation for a period of five years, with the aim of identifying early clinical manifestations, associated factors and alterations in imaging studies. Recurrence of febrile urinary tract infections was the main initial symptom (82.3%). Several associated risk factors such as family history of kidney malformations (57.32%), maternal diabetes (38.45%), smoking habit (24.67%) and anemia (18.20%) were found. Sonographic alterations (60%) were observed; presence of grade III vesicoureteral reflux and renal scarring predominated. Sonographic alterations are frequent in these patients, although its normality does not rule it out. Scarring nephropathy is associated with vesicoureteral reflux, especially with febrile urinary tract infections.
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Refluxo VesicoureteralRESUMO
Introducción: Las malformaciones congénitas del riñón y del tracto urinario representan entre 20 y 30 por ciento de todas las malformaciones reconocidas en humanos. Objetivo: Identificar los antecedentes patológicos familiares y las enfermedades durante el embarazo asociados a la aparición de defectos congénitos renales. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo prospectivo transversal realizado en 672 niños nacidos entre julio de 2014 y junio de 2015 en Santa Clara, con ultrasonido prenatal normal. A todos los niños durante la consulta médica se les hizo examen físico detallado y previo consentimiento informado del familiar acompañante, se aplicó a estos una encuesta y se registraron variables epidemiológicas, antecedentes familiares de enfermedades renales, morbilidad de la madre durante el embarazo y se realizó un ultrasonido renal para identificar las alteraciones sonográficas sugerentes de algún tipo de anomalías del desarrollo renal. Resultados: En 40 (5,95 por ciento) pacientes se detectó alteración sonográfica. El 27,50 por ciento eran hijos de madres que presentaron alguna enfermedad durante el embarazo. La glucemia elevada afectó 10 por ciento de las madres de los niños con anomalías del desarrollo renal, seguida del bajo peso materno (7,5 por ciento). El hecho de presentar antecedente patológico familiar de enfermedad renal aportó un riesgo de 1,88 y en las de tipo obstructivo el riesgo fue de 5,08. Conclusiones: Las alteraciones sonográficas sugestivas de malformación congénita renal son más frecuentes en los lactantes cuyas madres presentaron concentraciones elevadas de glucosa y bajo peso durante el embarazo. Los niños con antecedentes familiares de malformación renal tienen mayor riesgo de presentar una anomalía del desarrollo renal(AU)
Introduction: Kidney and urinary tract´s malformations represent among 20 and 30 percent of all malformations known in humans. Objective: To identify during pregnancy family pathological history and diseases associated to the onset of renal congenital malformations. Methods: Prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out to 672 children with normal prenatal ultrasound whom were born from July, 2014 to June 2015 in Santa Clara province. All children during the medical consultation had a detailed physical examination and previous informed concent; it was applied also a survey and the epidemiologic variables, family history of renal diseases, morbility of the mother during pregnancy were recorded, and it was made a renal ultrasound to identify sonographic alterations suggesting any kind of anomaly in the renal development. Results: In 40 patients (5,95 percent), it was detected any sonographic alteration. 27,50 percent were children of mothers that presented any disease during pregnancy. High glycemia affected the 10 percent of mothers of children with anomalies in the renal development, followed by low maternal weight (7,5 percent). The fact of presenting a family pathological history of renal disease implied a risk of 1,88 percent and the risk was of 5,08 percent in the obstructive kind of diseases. Conlusions: Sonographic alterations suggesting renal congenital malformations are more frequent in newborns whose mothers had high concentrations of glycemia and low weight during pregnancy. Children with family history of renal malformations have higher risk of presenting an anomaly of the renal development(AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Anormalidades Congênitas/diagnóstico , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/etiologia , Rim/anormalidades , Sistema Urinário/anormalidades , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Transversais , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: In the pathogenesis of pterygium, the protective role of glutathione and nitric oxide production is unclear. These are important factors for homeostasis in the redox state of cells. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of these and related parameters in pterygium tissue. Patients and Methods. The study sample consisted of 120 patients diagnosed with primary or recurrent pterygium. Five groups of tissue samples were examined: control, primary pterygium, recurrent pterygium, and two groups of primary pterygium given a one-month NAC presurgery treatment (topical or systemic). The levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), nitric oxide (NO), 3-nitrotyrosine (3NT), reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH and GSSG), and catalase (CAT) were evaluated in tissue homogenates. RESULTS: Compared with the control, decreased levels of eNOS, NO, and 3-nitrotyrosine as well as the degree of oxidation of GSH (GSSG%) were observed in primary and recurrent pterygium. 3-Nitrotyrosine and GSSG% were reduced in the other pterygium groups. GSH and CAT were enhanced in recurrent pterygium and systemic-treated primary pterygium but were unchanged for topical-treated primary pterygium. There was a strong positive correlation of eNOS with NO and 3NT, GSSG% with NO and 3NT, and GSH with GSSG and CAT. Women showed a higher level of GSH and catalase in primary pterygium, whereas a lower level of GSH and a higher level of NO in recurrent pterygium. CONCLUSION: The results are congruent with the following proposed sequence of events leading to a protective response of the organism during the pathogenesis of primary pterygium: a decreased level of eNOS provokes a decline in the level of NO in pterygium tissue, which then leads to reduced S-nitrosylation of GSH or other thiols and possibly to the modulation of the intracellular level of GSH through synthesis and/or mobilization from other tissues.
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Introducción: Las malformaciones congénitas renales y de las vías urinarias, constituyen la causa más frecuente de la enfermedad renal crónica en niños menores de 5 años. La ultrasonografía renal, se contempla en la actualidad, en el estudio inicial ante la sospecha de enfermedad renal crónica secundaria a malformaciones congénitas renales y de vías urinarias. Objetivo: Identificar los hallazgos sonográficos sugestivos de anomalías renales en los primeros seis meses de vida. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal en niños nacidos entre julio de 2014 y junio de 2015 en el municipio de Santa Clara, con ultrasonido renal prenatal normal. A los 672 niños estudiados, previo consentimiento informado, se les realizó ultrasonido renal en algún momento dentro de los seis primeros meses de vida, lo que permitió identificar a los niños con alteraciones sonográficas sugerentes de algún tipo de anomalías del desarrollo renal. Se continuaron los estudios, según protocolos establecidos, para definir el tipo de malformación congénita renal y de vías urinarias. Resultados: El 5,95 por ciento (40 pacientes) presentaron alguna alteración sonográfica. La hidronefrosis se identificó en el 27,50 por ciento. La ectopia renal y la asimetría renal estuvieron presentes en el 15,00 por ciento de los pacientes. El 10,00 por ciento presentó agenesia renal. El 22, 5 por ciento de los pacientes con hidronefrosis tenían reflujo vesicoureteral. Conclusiones: La hidronefrosis constituye una alteración sonográfica frecuente en pacientes con malformaciones congénitas renales, sobre todo del tipo de reflujo vesicoureteral. Dentro de las alteraciones de tamaño, posición y forma, la ectopia renal constituye la anomalía del desarrollo renal más frecuente(AU)
Introduction: Renal congenital and urinary tract´s malformations represent the most frequent cause of chronical kidney disease in children under five years old. The renal ultrasound it is nowadays included in the initial study while suspecting chronical kidney disease as a consequence of renal congenital and urinary tract´s malformations. Objective: To identify sonographic findings that suggest renal anomalies in the first six months of life. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study in children that were born from July, 2014 to June, 2015 in Santa Clara municipality having a normal prenatal renal ultrasound. The 672 children studied with previous informed consent had a renal ultrasound in the first six months of life which allowed to identify the children with sonographic alterations suggestive to any kind of renal development´s anomalies. The studies were conducted under the established protocols to define the kind of renal congenital and urinary tract´s malformation. Results: 5.5 percent (40 patients) presented any kind of sonographic alteration. Hydronephrosis was identified in 27.50 percent of the patients. Renal ectopy and renal asymmetry were present in the 15.00 percent of the patients. 10.00 percent presented renal agenesis. 22.5 percent of the patients with hydronephrosis had vesicoureteral reflux. Conclusions: Hydronephrosis represents a frequent sonographic alteration in patients with congenital renal malformations, mostly the vesicoureteral reflux type. Among the size, position and shape alterations, renal ectopy is the most frequent renal development´s anomaly(AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/complicações , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/diagnóstico por imagem , Rim/anormalidades , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Transversais , Ultrassonografia/métodosRESUMO
Resumen Introducción El despertar intraoperatorio (DIO) es un fenómeno poco frecuente que afecta aproximadamente a 0.1-0.2% de los pacientes sometidos a anestesia general balanceada (AGB). Material y métodos Estudio de tipo observacional, descriptivo y transversal para detectar casos probables de DIO en sujetos que fueron sometidos a AGB en el Hospital Central Militar. El método estadístico fue la frecuencia relativa de ocurrencia. Resultados Se realizó con una muestra de 105 pacientes mediante la aplicación del cuestionario de Brice al paciente en la Unidad de Cuidados Postanestésicos en el postoperatorio inmediato y a las 24 horas tras su procedimiento quirúrgico. En un periodo de estudio de seis meses, se estudiaron 105 individuos que cumplieron con criterios de inclusión para el estudio, 51% (54/105) fueron mujeres y 49% (51/105) hombres. La intervención más común fue la colecistectomía laparoscópica (29%). A todos los individuos incluidos en el estudio (100%; 105/105) se les aplicó el cuestionario de Brice en el postoperatorio inmediato. Se detectaron tres casos probables de DIO, lo que representa el 2.8% del universo de estudio. Conclusiones El cuestionario de Brice fue una herramienta de fácil empleo, barata, viable y libre de impacto clínico organizacional negativo para detectar casos probables de DIO en la institución.
Abstract Introduction Intraoperative awareness (IA) is a rare phenomenon that affects approximately 0.1-0.2% of patients undergoing general anesthesia balanced (GBA). Material and methods Observational, descriptive and transversal study to detect probable cases of IA in subjects who were undergoing GBA in the Central Military Hospital. The statistical method used was the relative frequency of occurrence. Results We included a sample of 105 patients to whom we applied the questionnaire of Brice in the immediate postoperative period and 24 hours after their surgical procedure. In a six-month study period, were studied 105 individuals who met the inclusion criteria for the study, 51% (54/105) were female and 49% (51/105) men. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (29%) was the most common intervention. We applied the questionnaire of Brice in the immediate postoperative period to all individuals included in the study (100%; 105/105). Three probable cases of IA were detected, representing 2.8% of the universe of study. Conclusions The questionnaire of Brice was a tool that was easy to use, inexpensive, viable, and free of negative clinical organizational impact to detect probable cases of IA in the institution.
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El retardo en el desarrollo psicomotor comprende el atraso en el desarrollo motor grueso, fino y alteraciones en el lenguaje. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo en una muestra de 70 pacientes ingresados en la Clínica de Neurología Infantil del CIREN. Se demostraron logros significativos en las áreas estimuladas, a partir de la utilización para el análisis d elos resultados del cálculo porcentual. La pronta incorporación a programas que incluyan la rehabilitación intensiva personalizada apoyada en programas de estimulación temprana favorece el desarrollo psicomotor infantil, lo que posibilita la adquisición de habilidades motrices finas, sociales, cognitivas, de autoasistencia y de lenguaje.
The retard in the psychomotor development understands the delay in the development thick, fine motor and alterations in the language. He/she was carried out a retrospective study in a sample of 70 patients entered in the Clinic of Infantile Neurology of CIREN. Sifnificant achievements were demonstrated in the simulated areas, starting from the use for the analysis of the results of the percentage calculation. The prompt incorporation to programs that include the intensive personalized rehabilitation supported in programs of early stimulation favors the psychomotor infantile development, what facilitates the acquisition of motive fine, social abilities, cognitives, of self-handling and of language.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Intervenção Médica Precoce , Transtornos Psicomotores , ReabilitaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The study of NAFLD in humans has several limitations. Using murine models helps to understand disease pathogenesis. AIM: Evaluate the impact of 4 different diets in the production of NAFLD with emphasis on a combined high-fat plus sustained high sucrose consumption. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eight week-old male Wistar rats were divided in four groups and fed for 90 days with the following diets: 1) Control chow diet (C); 2) High-fat cholesterol diet (HFC) + 5% sucrose in drinking water. 3) High-fat cornstarch diet (HFCO) + 5% sucrose in drinking water. 4) Chow diet + 20% sucrose in drinking water (HSD). Metabolic changes, leptin levels, liver histology, hepatic and plasma lipid composition, fasting plasma glucose and insulin and liver gene expression of FAS, SREBP-1 and PPAR-α were evaluated. RESULTS: The HFC diet had the highest grade of steatosis (grade 2 of 3) and HSD showed also steatosis (grade 1). Liver weight TG and colesterol concentrations in liver were greater in the HFC diet. There were no increased levels of iron in the liver. Rats in HFC gained significantly more weight (P < 0.001). All experimental groups showed fasting hyperglycemia. HFC had the highest glucose level (158.5 ± 7 mg/dL) (P < 0.005). The HSD and the HFCO diets developed also hyperglycemia. HSD had significantly higher fasting hyperinsulinemia. Serum leptin was higher in the HFC diet (p = 0.001). In conclusion, the HFC diet with combination of high fat and high sucrose is more effective in producing NAFLD compared with a high sucrose diet only.
Assuntos
Dieta Hiperlipídica , Sacarose Alimentar , Fígado/metabolismo , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/etiologia , Animais , Biomarcadores/sangue , Glicemia/metabolismo , Sacarose Alimentar/sangue , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Ácido Graxo Sintases/genética , Ácido Graxo Sintases/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Hiperglicemia/sangue , Hiperglicemia/etiologia , Hiperglicemia/genética , Hiperinsulinismo/sangue , Hiperinsulinismo/etiologia , Hiperinsulinismo/genética , Insulina/sangue , Ferro/metabolismo , Leptina/sangue , Lipídeos/sangue , Fígado/patologia , Masculino , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/sangue , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/genética , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/patologia , PPAR alfa/genética , PPAR alfa/metabolismo , Ratos Wistar , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Proteína de Ligação a Elemento Regulador de Esterol 1/genética , Proteína de Ligação a Elemento Regulador de Esterol 1/metabolismo , Fatores de Tempo , Aumento de PesoRESUMO
INTRODUCCIÓN: la diabetes mellitus comprende un grupo de enfermedades metabólicas heterogéneas caracterizadas por hiperglucemia. Tradicionalmente su diagnóstico se ha realizado a través de la determinación de glucemia en diferentes circunstancias: ayunas, al azar o durante una prueba de tolerancia oral a la glucosa; otro instrumento para el diagnóstico de esta enfermedad es la hemoglobina glucosilada (HbA1c). OBJETIVO: evaluar el uso de la HbA1c en el diagnóstico precoz de la diabetes mellitus en relación con la glucemia en ayunas. MÉTODOS: estudio transversal en 200 pacientes no diabéticos divididos en dos grupos: hiperglucémico (glucemia en ayunas ≥ 5,6 mmol/L; n= 99) y normoglucémico (glucemia en ayunas < 5,6 mmol/L; n= 100). Se clasificaron después de un programa de estudio en no diabéticos (n= 101), prediabéticos (n= 80) y diabéticos (n= 19). Se determinó el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson de HbA1c y glucemia en ayunas. Se compararon las varianzas para cada grupo de HbA1c por ANOVA de un factor. Se utilizó curva operativa del receptor para la convergencia de los valores de HbA1c según diagnóstico. Se determinó sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo y valor predictivo negativo de HbA1c y glucemia en ayunas para el diagnóstico del estado glucémico. RESULTADOS: se encontró correlación entre los valores de HbA1c y glucemia en ayunas (r= 0,753; p= 0,000). La varianza entre cada grupo fue de 0,752 por ANOVA de un factor (p= 0,000). El área bajo la curva para el diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus fue 0,915 (p= 0,000). La HbA1c para el diagnóstico de la diabetes tuvo sensibilidad (42,1 %), especificidad (7,8 %), valor predictivo positivo (66,7 %) y valor predictivo negativo (94,1 %). CONCLUSIÓN: los individuos clasificados como diabéticos con una HbA1c ≥ 6,5 % son diferentes de aquellos clasificados como tal por la prueba de tolerancia oral a la glucosa. La HbA1c con valor de corte ≥ 6,5 % es una herramienta útil para confirmar el diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus; sin embargo, no es adecuada para estudios de pesquisa.
INTRODUCTION: diabetes mellitus comprises a heterogeneous group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia. Traditionally diagnosis was made through the determination of glucose in different circumstances: fasting, at random or during oral glucose tolerance; another tool for the diagnosis of this disease is glycosylated hemoglobin (hba1c). OBJECTIVE: evaluate the use of hba1c in the early diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in relation to fasting glucose. METHODS: cross-sectional study was conducted in 200 non-diabetic patients divided into two groups: hyperglycemic (fasting glucose ≥ 5.6 mmol/L; n= 99) and normoglycemic (fasting glucose < 5,6 mmol /L; n= 100). They were classified after a program of study in nondiabetic patients (n= 101), pre-diabetic patients (n= 80) and diabetic patients (n= 19). Hba1c Pearson correlation coefficient and fasting plasma glucose was determined. Variances for each Hba1c group by one-way ANOVA were compared. Receiver operating curve for Hba1c convergence as diagnosis was used. Hba1c sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value and FPG for the glycemic status diagnosis were determined. RESULTS: correlation was found between HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose (r= 0.753; p= 0.000). The variance between each group was 0.752 by one-way ANOVA (p = 0.000). The area under the curve for diabetes mellitus diagnosis was 0.915 (p= 0.000). HbA1c for diabetes diagnosis had sensitivity (42.1 %), specificity (7.8 %), positive predictive value (66.7 %) and negative (94.1 %) predictive value. CONCLUSIONS: individuals classified as diabetics with a HbA1c ≥ 6.5 % are different from those classified as such by the oral glucose tolerance test. HbA1c cutoff value ≥ 6.5 % is a useful tool to confirm the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus; however, it is not suitable for research studies.
Assuntos
Humanos , Hemoglobinas Glicadas , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnóstico , Teste de Tolerância a Glucose/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: renal and/or urinary pathway malformations are the frequent cause of chronic renal disease at pediatric ages worldwide. OBJECTIVE: to describe the alteration of the renal functioning in these patients, by age, at the time of diagnosis of renal and urinary pathway malformations. METHODS: a cross-sectional descriptive study of patients diagnosed with renal and urinary duct malformations was made in Villa Clara province from January 2012 through December 2013. RESULTS: forty patients were diagnosed at prenatal phase, 75 % of them were males; 85 were diagnosed after birth and 38 of them after one year of age, 60 % were girls. One hundred and twenty five renal units had reflux and 60 % of them located on the left kidney. It was observed that left kidney malformations prevailed, with 57 patients (45.6 %), but in 28 of patients, the renal damage was bilateral. CONCLUSIONS: vesicoureteral reflux, mainly on the left one, was the most diagnosed malformation; postnatal diagnosis predominated and although there was no difference in terms of sex, males prevailed in patients with prenatal diagnosis and females were the most diagnosed after birth. The left kidney was more frequently affected, but the renal damage was detected more often in bilateral condition.
INTRODUCCIÓN: las malformaciones renales y/o de vías urinarias constituyen una causa frecuente de enfermedad renal crónica en la edad pediátrica a nivel mundial. OBJETIVO: describir la afectación del funcionamiento renal que tenían estos pacientes, según la edad, al diagnóstico de las malformaciones renales y de vías urinarias. MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal en Villa Clara, con pacientes con diagnóstico de malformaciones renales y de vías urinarias en el período comprendido desde enero de 2012 a diciembre de 2013. RESULTADOS: se diagnosticaron 40 pacientes en etapa prenatal, de ellos 75 % eran del sexo masculino, 85 después del nacimiento y de ellos 38 posterior al año de vida, el 60 % eran niñas; 125 unidades renales tenían reflujo, de los cuales el 60 % correspondía al izquierdo. Se apreció un predominio de las malformaciones en el riñón izquierdo, con 57 pacientes (45,6 %), pero 28 de los enfermos con daño renal tenían afectación bilateral. CONCLUSIONES: el reflujo vesicoureteral, fundamentalmente el izquierdo, fue la malformación más diagnosticada; predominó el diagnóstico posnatal, y aunque de manera general no hubo diferencia en cuanto al sexo, fue más frecuente el masculino en los pacientes con diagnóstico prenatal, y el femenino en los que se realizó el diagnóstico tras el nacimiento. El riñón izquierdo se afectó con mayor frecuencia, pero el daño renal fue más frecuente cuando la afectación fue bilateral.
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Pediatria/métodos , Diagnóstico Pré-Natal/métodos , Sistema Urinário/anormalidades , Técnicas e Procedimentos Diagnósticos , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/complicações , Rim/anormalidades , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
La Parálisis cerebral es un síndrome neurológico que surge como resultado de una lesión en un cerebro inmaduro, donde unido a las alteraciones motoras son frecuentes los problemas en la alimentación. Se realizó un estudio comparativo en 50 pacientes con Parálisis Cerebral teniendo en cuenta el compromiso motor (espástica, discinética, atáxica y mixta) atendidos por 2 ciclos (56 días) de tratamiento de una hora diaria, durante el período comprendido entre enero/2011-julio/2013. Se obtivieron notables mejorías en los procesos de masticación, deglución y control de la sialorrea, utilizándose oara la evaluación la Escala de Praxis Articulatorias.
The Cerebral Parálysis is a neurological syndrome that arises as a result of a lesion in an immature brain, where togheter to the alterations motorboats they are frequent the problems in the feeding. He/she was carried out a comparative study in 50 patients with Cerebral Paralysis keeping in mind the commitment motor (spastic, discinética, atáxica and mixed) answered to 2 cycles (56 days) of treatment of a daily hour, during the period understood among enero/2011-july/2013. Remarkable improvements were obtained in the mastication processes, deglución and control of the sialorrea, using stops the evaluation the Scale of Articulatory Practice.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Paralisia Cerebral , Transtornos de Deglutição , Dieta , ReabilitaçãoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Cross-modal plasticity has been extensively studied in deaf adults with neuroimaging studies, yielding valuable results. A recent study in our laboratory with deaf-blind children found evidence of cross-modal plasticity, revealed in over-representation of median nerve somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP N20) in left hemisphere parietal, temporal and occipital regions. This finding led to asking whether SEP N20 changes are peculiar to deaf-blindness or are also present in sighted deaf children. OBJECTIVE: Assess cross-modal plasticity in deaf child cochlear implant candidates using neurophysiological techniques (visual evoked potentials and median nerve somatosensory evoked potentials). METHODS: Participants were 14 prelingually deaf children assessed in the Cuban Cochlear Implant Program. Flash visual-evoked potentials and SEP N20 were recorded at 19 scalp recording sites. Topographic maps were obtained and compared to those of control group children with normal hearing. Analysis took into account duration of hearing loss. RESULTS: Topographic maps of flash visual-evoked potentials did not show changes in deaf child cochlear implant candidates. However, SEP N20 from right median nerve stimulation did show changes from expansion of cortical activation into the left temporal region in deaf children aged ≥7 years, which was interpreted as neurophysiological evidence of cross-modal plasticity, not previously described for this technique and type of somatosensory stimulus. We interpret this finding as due in part to duration of deafness, particularly related to handedness, since expansion was selective for the left hemisphere in the children, who were all right-handed. CONCLUSIONS: Cortical over-representation of SEP N20 in the left temporal region is interpreted as evidence of cross-modal plasticity that occurs if the deaf child does not receive a cochlear implant early in life-before concluding the critical period of neural development-and relies on sign language for communication.