RESUMO
In plants, 14-3-3 proteins are important modulators of protein-protein interactions in response to environmental stresses. The aim of the present work was to characterize one Opuntia ficus-indica 14-3-3 and get information about its client proteins. To achieve this goal, O. ficus-indica 14-3-3 cDNA, named as Op14-3-3⯵, was amplified by 3'-RACE methodology. Op14-3-3⯵ contains an Open Reading Frame of 786â¯bp encoding a 261 amino acids protein. Op14-3-3⯵ cDNA was cloned into a bacterial expression system and recombinant protein was purified. Differential Scanning Fluorimetry, Dynamic Light Scattering, and Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry were used for Op14-3-3⯵ protein characterization, and Affinity-Purification-Mass Spectrometry analysis approach was used to obtain information about their potential client proteins. Pyrophosphate-fructose 6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase, ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large subunit, and vacuolar-type H+-ATPase were identified. Interestingly chorismate mutase p-prephenate dehydratase was also identified. Op14-3-3⯵ down-regulation was observed in Opuntia calluses when they were induced with Jasmonic Acid, while increased accumulation of Op14-3-3⯵ protein was observed. The putative interaction of 14-3-3⯵ with chorismate mutase, which have not been reported before, suggest that Op14-3-3⯵ could be an important regulator of metabolites biosynthesis and responses to stress in Opuntia spp. SIGNIFICANCE: Opuntia species are important crops in arid and semiarid areas worldwide, but despite its relevance, little information about their tolerance mechanism to cope with harsh environmental conditions is reported. 14-3-3 proteins have gained attention due to its participation as protein-protein regulators and have been linked with primary metabolism and hormones responses. Here we present the characterization of the first Opuntia ficus-indica 14-3-3 (Op14-3-3) protein using affinity purification-mass spectrometry (AP-MS) strategy. Op14-3-3 has high homology with other 14-3-3 from Caryophyllales. A novel Op14-3-3 client protein has been identified; the chorismate mutase p-prephenate dehydratase, key enzyme that links the primary with secondary metabolism. The present results open new questions about the Opuntia spp. pathways mechanisms in response to environmental stress and the importance of 14-3-3 proteins in betalains biosynthesis.
Assuntos
Proteínas 14-3-3 , Opuntia , Proteínas de Plantas , Ácido Chiquímico/metabolismo , Estresse Fisiológico , Proteínas 14-3-3/biossíntese , Proteínas 14-3-3/química , Proteínas 14-3-3/genética , Proteínas 14-3-3/isolamento & purificação , Fases de Leitura Aberta , Opuntia/química , Opuntia/genética , Opuntia/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/biossíntese , Proteínas de Plantas/química , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas RecombinantesRESUMO
Obesity and type 2 diabetes(T2D) are the most prevalent and serious metabolic diseases affecting people worldwide. However racial and ethnic disparities seems to be a risk factor for their development. Mexico has been named as one of the largest populations with the highest prevalence of diabetes and obesity. The aim of this study was to identify novel T2D-associated proteins in Mexican patients. Blood samples were collected from 62 Mexican patients with T2D and they were grouped according to their body mass index(BMI). A panel of 10 diabetes and obesity serum markers was determined using MAGPIX. A comparative proteomics study was performed using two-dimensional difference in-gel electrophoresis(2D-DIGE) followed by mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS). We detected 113 spots differentially accumulated, in which 64 unique proteins were identified, proteins that were involved in metabolism pathways, molecular transport, and cellular signalling. Four proteins(14-3-3, ApoH, ZAG, and OTO3) showing diabetes-related variation and also changes in relation to obesity were selected for further validation by western blotting. Our results reveal new diabetes related proteins present in the Mexican population. These could provide additional insight into the understanding of diabetes development in Mexican population and may also be useful candidate biomarkers.