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This study presents the effect of natural zeolite (NZ) on a nitrifying sequencing batch reactor for removing ibuprofen (IBP) and diclofenac (DFC) in the long term, including kinetics and microbial community. The research was conducted in two 2 L liquid-volume bioreactors, one with 5 g/L of NZ. Nitrogen load rates ranging between 5.8 and 8.5 mg N/L h were studied. Bioreactors were operated for 217 days, with IBP and DFC concentrations ranging between 20 and 2000 µg/L. The results showed that using NZ in a nitrifying SBR only improves IBP removal at low concentrations (40 µg/L). IBP and DFC do not affect the nitrification efficiency or kinetic of ammonia removal. In the presence of IBP and DFC, NZ also favored a higher relative abundance in the genus Nitrosomonas and the Bradyrhizobiaceae family (responsible for nitrite-oxidizing activity), allowing higher IBP degradations at low IBP concentrations. Finally, IBP and DFC stimulated heterotrophic nitrification.

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BACKGROUND AND AIMS: In recent years, scientific interest in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) and remnant cholesterol has increased, focusing on the evidence that these lipoproteins are a causal factor for developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Furthermore, a high remnant concentration (>38 mg/dL) has been associated with several non-cardiovascular risks. We aimed in this study to describe the percentile distribution of remnant cholesterol. Additionally, we evaluated the association between remnant cholesterol plasma concentration and epidemiologically relevant cardio-metabolic outcomes such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and ASCVD. METHODS: We analyzed data from 9,591 adults from the National Survey of Health and Nutrition (ENSANUT) 2018 with fasting blood samples and complete medical history questionnaires. We built multivariate models to evaluate the association between chronic diseases and blood remnant concentration. To compare our 2018-sub-sample against a population reference, we used the NHANES (2005-2014) publicly available datasets by ethnicity. RESULTS: Remnants were independently associated with cardiovascular risk, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. For all outcomes, the blood remnant concentration was a stronger predictor than LDL. At all deciles, the blood remnant concentration was higher in ENSANUT-2018. CONCLUSIONS: A remnant blood concentration above 38 mg/dL was highly prevalent among Mexicans. Remnants were significantly associated with a higher risk of diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and cardiovascular risk. This association occurred independently of other lipid markers.

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Resumen: Introducción: la cirugía de revisión protésica de cadera constituye una indicación quirúrgica que se encuentra en crecimiento en los últimos años. La artroplastía total de cadera de revisión (ATCr) se trata de un reto quirúrgico destacado debido a la dificultad técnica de la propia cirugía. Entre las complicaciones de la cirugía de revisión des-tacan las luxaciones, el aflojamiento aséptico y la infección. Objetivo: comparar los resultados clínico-radiológicos, así como la incidencia de complicaciones, de dos muestras independientes de pacientes intervenidos de artroplastía total de cadera de revisión (ATCr) con defectos acetabulares leves-moderados utilizando implantes de doble movilidad respecto a implantes monopolares. Material y métodos: estudio retrospectivo comparativo de dos cohortes de 30 pacientes intervenidos de cirugía de revisión acetabular mediante cabezas monopolares de 36 mm o doble movilidad, respectivamente. Todos los pacientes presentaban defectos acetabulares tipo I o II de Paprosky. Se evaluaron los resultados con las escalas EVA, WOMAC y Harry hip score (HHS) pre y postoperatorios en ambas cohortes. Asimismo, se analizaron la incidencia de complicaciones postoperatorias y la tasa de supervivencia entre ambos grupos. Resultados: el seguimiento medio fue de 5.8 años (1-10.3 años). La diferencia entre los resultados pre y postoperatorios en cada cohorte fue significativa para la escala EVA, WOMAC y HHS. Las diferencias obtenidas en dichas escalas entre los distintos grupos de estudio no hallaron diferencias significativas. La incidencia de complicaciones postoperatorias entre ambas cohortes fue similar, sin encontrar diferencias significativas. Conclusiones: consideramos que la doble movilidad no aporta superioridad en cuanto a resultados clínico-funcionales e incidencia de complicaciones postoperatorias respecto a los montajes monopolares en cirugía de revisión acetabular con defectos leves-moderados.

Abstract: Introduction: hip revision arthroplasty surgery is a surgical procedure that has been growing in recent years. Revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a notable surgical challenge due to the technical difficulty of the surgery itself. Complications of revision surgery includes dislocation, aseptic loosening, and infection. Objective: to compare the clinical-radiological results, as well as the incidence of complications, of two independent samples of patients who underwent revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA) with mild-moderate acetabular defects using dual mobility implants compared to monopolar implants. Material and methods: retrospective comparative study of two cohorts of 30 patients who underwent acetabular revision surgery using large 36 mm monopolar heads or dual mobility respectively. All patients had Paprosky type I or II acetabular defects. The results on the VAS scale, WOMAC, and Harry hip score (HHS) were evaluated pre and postoperatively in both cohorts. Likewise, the incidence of postoperative complications and the survival rate between both groups were analyzed. Results: mean follow-up was 5.8 years (1-10.3 years). The difference between the pre and postoperative results in each cohort was significant for the VAS, WOMAC and HHS scale. The differences obtained in these scales between the different study groups did not find significant differences. The incidence of postoperative complications between both cohorts was similar, without finding significant differences. Conclusions: we consider that dual mobility does not provide superiority in terms of clinical-functional results and incidence of postoperative complications with respect to monopolar assemblies in acetabular revision surgery with mild-moderate defects.

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An efficient genetic transformation protocol is necessary to edit genes for trait improvement directly in elite bread wheat cultivars. We used a protein fusion between a wheat growth-regulating factor 4 (GRF4) and its interacting factor (GIF1) to develop a reproducible genetic transformation and regeneration protocol, which we then used to successfully transform elite bread wheat cultivars Baj, Kachu, Morocco, Reedling, RL6077, and Sujata in addition to the experimental cultivar Fielder. Immature embryos were transformed with the vector using particle bombardment method. Transformation frequency increased nearly 60-fold with the GRF4-GIF1-containing vectors as compared to the control vector and ranged from ~5% in the cultivar Kachu to 13% in the cultivar RL6077. We then edited two genes that confer resistance against leaf rust and powdery mildew directly in the aforementioned elite cultivars. A wheat promoter, TaU3 or TaU6, to drive the expression of guide RNA was effective in gene editing whereas the OsU3 promoter failed to generate any edits. Editing efficiency was nearly perfect with the wheat promoters. Our protocol has made it possible to edit genes directly in elite wheat cultivars and would be useful for gene editing in other wheat varieties, which have been recalcitrant to transformation thus far.

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Due to the energy requirements for various human activities, and the need for a substantial change in the energy matrix, it is important to research and design new materials that allow the availability of appropriate technologies. In this sense, together with proposals that advocate a reduction in the conversion, storage, and feeding of clean energies, such as fuel cells and electrochemical capacitors energy consumption, there is an approach that is based on the development of better applications for and batteries. An alternative to commonly used inorganic materials is conducting polymers (CP). Strategies based on the formation of composite materials and nanostructures allow outstanding performances in electrochemical energy storage devices such as those mentioned. Particularly, the nanostructuring of CP stands out because, in the last two decades, there has been an important evolution in the design of various types of nanostructures, with a strong focus on their synergistic combination with other types of materials. This bibliographic compilation reviews state of the art in this area, with a special focus on how nanostructured CP would contribute to the search for new materials for the development of energy storage devices, based mainly on the morphology they present and on their versatility to be combined with other materials, which allows notable improvements in aspects such as reduction in ionic diffusion trajectories and electronic transport, optimization of spaces for ion penetration, a greater number of electrochemically active sites and better stability in charge/discharge cycles.

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INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for weight loss, with comorbidity control. With low complication rates, the reasons for reoperation are major complications or weight loss failure/weight regain. Nonsurgical problems can also present, such as anemia, dehydration, chronic pain, and malnutrition, among others. Our aim was to analyze the main causes of revisional surgery, reoperation, and hospital readmission, at a specialized bariatric center. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on patients that underwent bariatric surgery within the time frame of 2012 and 2019. The baseline analysis included demographic, anthropometric, and perioperative data, as well as a sub-analysis of the main readmission causes and complications. RESULTS: A total of 776 primary surgeries were performed (649 RYGBP, 127 SG, and 10 revisional surgeries), and 99 patients were identified for the study: 10 revisional surgeries, 44 reoperations, and 45 readmissions. The incidence of revisional surgery was 1.2%, reoperation was 5.6%, and readmission 5.8%. Fifty percent of the revisional surgeries were performed due to insufficient weight loss or weight regain; the most frequent causes of reoperation were cholecystitis (38.6%) and internal hernias (9.1%); and the most common causes of readmission were nonspecific abdominal pain (35.5%) and dehydration (24.4%). CONCLUSION: The most frequent causes of postoperative readmission were nonsurgical events, followed by non-bariatric reoperations, and finally revisional surgeries. There was a low incidence of early reoperations. Knowledge of the abovementioned data is important for identifying higher-risk patients, to prevent major complications.

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BACKGROUND: Patients with anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis (ANMDARE) show a wide range of behavioral abnormalities and are often mistaken for primary psychiatric presentations. We aimed to determine the behavioral hallmarks of ANMDARE with the use of systematic neuropsychiatric and cognitive assessments. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted, with 160 patients admitted to the National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery of Mexico, who fulfilled criteria for possible autoimmune encephalitis and/or red flags along a time window of seven years. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) antibodies against the NR1 subunit of the NMDAR were processed with rat brain immunohistochemistry and cell-based assays with NMDA expressing cells. Systematic cognitive, neuropsychiatric, and functional assessments were conducted before knowing NMDAR antibodies results. A multivariate analysis was used to compare patients with and without definite ANMDARE according to antibodies in CSF. RESULTS: After obtaining the CSF antibodies results in 160 consecutive cases, 100 patients were positive and classified as having definite ANMDARE. The most frequent neuropsychiatric patterns were psychosis (81%), delirium (75%), catatonia (69%), anxiety-depression (65%), and mania (27%). Cognition was significantly impaired. A total of 34% of the patients had a predominantly neuropsychiatric presentation without seizures. After multivariate analysis, the clinical hallmarks of ANMDARE consisted of a catatonia-delirium comorbidity, tonic-clonic seizures, and orolingual dyskinesia. CONCLUSIONS: Our study supports the notion of a neurobehavioral phenotype of ANMDARE characterized by a fluctuating course with psychotic and affective symptoms, catatonic signs, and global cognitive dysfunction, often accompanied by seizures and dyskinesia. The catatonia-delirium comorbidity could be a distinctive neurobehavioral phenotype of ANMDARE.

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INTRODUCTION: hip revision arthroplasty surgery is a surgical procedure that has been growing in recent years. Revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a notable surgical challenge due to the technical difficulty of the surgery itself. Complications of revision surgery includes dislocation, aseptic loosening, and infection. OBJECTIVE: to compare the clinical-radiological results, as well as the incidence of complications, of two independent samples of patients who underwent revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA) with mild-moderate acetabular defects using dual mobility implants compared to monopolar implants. MATERIAL AND METHODS: retrospective comparative study of two cohorts of 30 patients who underwent acetabular revision surgery using large 36 mm monopolar heads or dual mobility respectively. All patients had Paprosky type I or II acetabular defects. The results on the VAS scale, WOMAC, and Harry hip score (HHS) were evaluated pre and postoperatively in both cohorts. Likewise, the incidence of postoperative complications and the survival rate between both groups were analyzed. RESULTS: mean follow-up was 5.8 years (1-10.3 years). The difference between the pre and postoperative results in each cohort was significant for the VAS, WOMAC and HHS scale. The differences obtained in these scales between the different study groups did not find significant differences. The incidence of postoperative complications between both cohorts was similar, without finding significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: we consider that dual mobility does not provide superiority in terms of clinical-functional results and incidence of postoperative complications with respect to monopolar assemblies in acetabular revision surgery with mild-moderate defects.

INTRODUCCIÓN: la cirugía de revisión protésica de cadera constituye una indicación quirúrgica que se encuentra en crecimiento en los últimos años. La artroplastía total de cadera de revisión (ATCr) se trata de un reto quirúrgico destacado debido a la dificultad técnica de la propia cirugía. Entre las complicaciones de la cirugía de revisión des­tacan las luxaciones, el aflojamiento aséptico y la infección. OBJETIVO: comparar los resultados clínico-radiológicos, así como la incidencia de complicaciones, de dos muestras independientes de pacientes intervenidos de artroplastía total de cadera de revisión (ATCr) con defectos acetabulares leves-moderados utilizando implantes de doble movilidad respecto a implantes monopolares. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: estudio retrospectivo comparativo de dos cohortes de 30 pacientes intervenidos de cirugía de revisión acetabular mediante cabezas monopolares de 36 mm o doble movilidad, respectivamente. Todos los pacientes presentaban defectos acetabulares tipo I o II de Paprosky. Se evaluaron los resultados con las escalas EVA, WOMAC y Harry hip score (HHS) pre y postoperatorios en ambas cohortes. Asimismo, se analizaron la incidencia de complicaciones postoperatorias y la tasa de supervivencia entre ambos grupos. RESULTADOS: el seguimiento medio fue de 5.8 años (1-10.3 años). La diferencia entre los resultados pre y postoperatorios en cada cohorte fue significativa para la escala EVA, WOMAC y HHS. Las diferencias obtenidas en dichas escalas entre los distintos grupos de estudio no hallaron diferencias significativas. La incidencia de complicaciones postoperatorias entre ambas cohortes fue similar, sin encontrar diferencias significativas. CONCLUSIONES: consideramos que la doble movilidad no aporta superioridad en cuanto a resultados clínico-funcionales e incidencia de complicaciones postoperatorias respecto a los montajes monopolares en cirugía de revisión acetabular con defectos leves-moderados.

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INTRODUCTION: femoral lengthening using an intramedullary nail is one of the surgical options in the treatment of severe lower limb dysmetria in routine clinical practice. MATERIAL AND METHODS: a retrospective descriptive study was carried out on a series of five patients with a mean age of 15.4 years, who underwent femoral lengthening surgery using a Precice® intramedullary nail. The etiology in all cases was idiopathic. Preoperative and definitive postoperative theoretical lengthening or dysmetry was measured, as well as lengthening accuracy, distraction rate and index (mm/day and days/cm, respectively) and consolidation index (days/cm). Intraoperative and postoperative complications were identified in all cases. RESULTS: mean follow-up was 21 months (12-42), with no loss to follow-up. The mean duration of the surgical procedure was 126 minutes (105-160). The preoperative theoretical dysmetry was 38 ± 2.7 mm. The final mean lengthening was 41 ± 7.5 mm. The mean accuracy was 108% (91-125) and the distraction rate was 0.9 ± 0.4 mm/day. The distraction rate was 13.9 ± 5.1 days/cm and the consolidation rate was 26.6 ± 9.1 days/cm. Bone consolidation was observed in all patients with a mean of 113 ± 58 days. Regarding complications, a total of four minor muscular complications were found. CONCLUSION: the Precice® intramedullary nail is a good treatment option for cases of severe femoral shortening, providing good clinical and radiological results with a low rate of complications and implant failure.

INTRODUCCIÓN: el alargamiento femoral mediante clavo intramedular es una de las opciones quirúrgicas en el tratamiento de las dismetrías severas de miembros inferiores en la práctica clínica habitual. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de una serie de cinco pacientes con una media de edad de 15.4 años, intervenidos de alargamiento femoral mediante clavo intramedular Precice®. La etiología en todos los casos fue idiopática. Se midió la dismetría o alargamiento teórico prequirúrgico y el definitivo postquirúrgico, así como la precisión del alargamiento, la tasa y el índice de distracción (mm/día y días/cm respectivamente) y el índice de consolidación (días/cm). Se identificaron las complicaciones intra y postoperatorias en todos los casos. RESULTADOS: la media de seguimiento fue de 21 meses (12-42), sin pérdidas en el seguimiento. La duración media del procedimiento quirúrgico fue de 126 minutos (105-160). La dismetría teórica prequirúrgica fue de 38 ± 2.7 mm. El alargamiento medio final fue de 41 ± 7.5 mm. La precisión media fue de 108% (91-125) y la tasa de distracción de 0.9 ± 0.4 mm/día. El índice de distracción fue de 13.9 ± 5.1 días/cm y el índice de consolidación, de 26.6 ± 9.1 días/cm. La consolidación ósea se observó en la totalidad de los pacientes con una media de 113 ± 58 días. Con respecto a las complicaciones, se encontraron un total de cuatro complicaciones menores de índole muscular. CONCLUSIÓN: el clavo intramedular Precice® es una buena opción de tratamiento para casos de acortamiento femoral severo aportando buenos resultados clínicos y radiológicos con una baja tasa de complicaciones y fallo del implante.

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Background: Pterin profiles or molecular analyses of hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) caused by phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) deficiency or tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency (BH4D) are not always available in low- or middle-income countries, including Mexico, limiting information regarding the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of patients exhibiting BH4D. Objective: To report the genotypes underlying BH4D and the clinical presentation in unrelated Mexican HPA pediatric patients with normal PAH genotypes who attended a single metabolic reference center in Mexico. Methods: Automated Sanger sequencing of the PTS, QDPR, and PCBD1 genes of 14 HPA patients was performed. Predicted effects on protein structure caused by missense variants were assessed by in silico protein modeling. Results and discussion: A high prevalence of BH4D was noted in our HPA cohort (9.8%, N = 14/142). Clinically relevant biallelic genotypes were identified in the PTS (N = 7/14 patients), QDPR (N = 6/14 patients), and PCBD1 (N = 1/14 patients) genes. Four novel QDPR variants [c.714dup or p.(Leu239Thrfs*44), c.106-1G>T or p.(?), c.214G>T or p.(Gly72*), and c.187_189dup or p.(Gln63dup)] were identified. In silico protein modeling of six missense variants of PTS [p.(Thr67Met), p.(Glu81Ala), and p.(Tyr113Cys)], QDPR [p.(Cys161Phe) and p.(Pro172Leu)], and PCBD1 [p.(Glu97Lys)] supports their pathogenicity. Progressive neurological symptoms (mainly intellectual and motor impairment and even death in three patients) were noted in all patients with biallelic QDPR genotypes and in 5/7 patients bearing biallelic PTS genotypes. The single homozygous PCBD1 p.(Glu97Lys) patient remains asymptomatic. Conclusion: A higher proportion of BH4D (9.8 vs. 1%-2% worldwide), attributable to a heterogeneous mutational spectrum and wide clinical presentation, was noted in our Mexican HPA cohort, with the PTS-related HPA disorder being the most frequent. Sequencing-based assays could be a reliable approach for diagnosing BH4D in our population.

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Resumen: Introducción: el alargamiento femoral mediante clavo intramedular es una de las opciones quirúrgicas en el tratamiento de las dismetrías severas de miembros inferiores en la práctica clínica habitual. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de una serie de cinco pacientes con una media de edad de 15.4 años, intervenidos de alargamiento femoral mediante clavo intramedular Precice®. La etiología en todos los casos fue idiopática. Se midió la dismetría o alargamiento teórico prequirúrgico y el definitivo postquirúrgico, así como la precisión del alargamiento, la tasa y el índice de distracción (mm/día y días/cm respectivamente) y el índice de consolidación (días/cm). Se identificaron las complicaciones intra y postoperatorias en todos los casos. Resultados: la media de seguimiento fue de 21 meses (12-42), sin pérdidas en el seguimiento. La duración media del procedimiento quirúrgico fue de 126 minutos (105-160). La dismetría teórica prequirúrgica fue de 38 ± 2.7 mm. El alargamiento medio final fue de 41 ± 7.5 mm. La precisión media fue de 108% (91-125) y la tasa de distracción de 0.9 ± 0.4 mm/día. El índice de distracción fue de 13.9 ± 5.1 días/cm y el índice de consolidación, de 26.6 ± 9.1 días/cm. La consolidación ósea se observó en la totalidad de los pacientes con una media de 113 ± 58 días. Con respecto a las complicaciones, se encontraron un total de cuatro complicaciones menores de índole muscular. Conclusión: el clavo intramedular Precice® es una buena opción de tratamiento para casos de acortamiento femoral severo aportando buenos resultados clínicos y radiológicos con una baja tasa de complicaciones y fallo del implante.

Abstract: Introduction: femoral lengthening using an intramedullary nail is one of the surgical options in the treatment of severe lower limb dysmetria in routine clinical practice. Material and methods: a retrospective descriptive study was carried out on a series of five patients with a mean age of 15.4 years, who underwent femoral lengthening surgery using a Precice® intramedullary nail. The etiology in all cases was idiopathic. Preoperative and definitive postoperative theoretical lengthening or dysmetry was measured, as well as lengthening accuracy, distraction rate and index (mm/day and days/cm, respectively) and consolidation index (days/cm). Intraoperative and postoperative complications were identified in all cases. Results: mean follow-up was 21 months (12-42), with no loss to follow-up. The mean duration of the surgical procedure was 126 minutes (105-160). The preoperative theoretical dysmetry was 38 ± 2.7 mm. The final mean lengthening was 41 ± 7.5 mm. The mean accuracy was 108% (91-125) and the distraction rate was 0.9 ± 0.4 mm/day. The distraction rate was 13.9 ± 5.1 days/cm and the consolidation rate was 26.6 ± 9.1 days/cm. Bone consolidation was observed in all patients with a mean of 113 ± 58 days. Regarding complications, a total of four minor muscular complications were found. Conclusion: the Precice® intramedullary nail is a good treatment option for cases of severe femoral shortening, providing good clinical and radiological results with a low rate of complications and implant failure.

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PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: determine the sensitivity and specificity of magnetic resonance imaging in anterior cruciate ligament injuries and associated injuries through arthroscopic findings. MATERIAL AND METHODS: this is a retrospective, longitudinal, cross-sectional study in 96 patients with ACL injuries were included and who underwent arthroscopic surgery; arthroscopic findings were compared with diagnostic magnetic resonance images as well as associated lesions. RESULTS: for ACL lesions the following data were found in relation to the agreement by MRI and arthroscopic findings; 93.68% sensitivity, 100% specificity. Negative predictor value of 14.28% and a positive predictor value of 100%. CONCLUSION: MRI is an accurate and non-invasive imaging modality for the evaluation of knee injuries, the diagnostic association is considerably high.

PROPÓSITO DEL ESTUDIO: determinar la sensibilidad y especificidad de la resonancia magnética en lesiones de ligamento cruzado anterior, así como las lesiones asociadas mediante los hallazgos artroscópicos. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: se trata de un estudio retrospectivo, longitudinal, transversal en el cual se incluyeron 96 pacientes con lesiones de ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) que fueron sometidos a cirugía artroscópica; los hallazgos artroscópicos se compararon con las imágenes diagnósticas de resonancia magnética así como lesiones asociadas. RESULTADOS: en lesiones de LCA se encontraron los siguientes datos en relación a la concordancia por resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN) y hallazgos artroscópicos; sensibilidad de 93.68%, especificidad de 100%. Valor predictor negativo de 14.28% y un valor predictor positivo de 100%. CONCLUSIÓN: la RMN es una modalidad de imagen precisa y no invasiva para la evaluación de lesiones de la rodilla, la asociación diagnóstica con el examen clínico es considerablemente alta.

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The objective was to evaluate the productivity, microbiology and histopathology of the jejunum, ceca and liver in broilers fed a control or a high non-starch polysaccharide (HNSPs) diet added with an extract of humic substances (EHS). 240 broilers individually allocated, from 21-42 d of age were assigned to a factorial arrangement of 2 types of diets: 1) A corn/soybean meal diet (Control) and 2) As Control plus 7% distillers dried grain with solubles and 12% of wheat bran (HNSPs), and 3 growth promoters: 1) Antibiotic growth promoters (AGP); 2) without AGP (NAGP) and C) with 0.5% of EHS. At the end of the trial, the breast and carcass were weighed and samples of the intestine, ceca and liver were taken for microbial and histopathology analysis. Results were subjected to ANOVA. EHS-fed broilers had lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) and total aerobic bacterial (TAB) counts in the liver and higher ashes digestibility with the Control diet, but negative responses were seen with the HNSPs diet (Type of diet and growth promoter interaction, p≤0.05). The lesion scores in the jejunum were lower in EHS-fed broilers with the Control and HNSPs diet (p≤0.05). The TAB and E. coli were lower in the jejunum and ceca of AGP-fed broilers (p<0.01) compared to NAGP and EHS groups. EHS-fed broilers showed improved FCR and ileal ashes digestibility and lower TAB in the liver with the Control diet and had lower lesion score in the jejunum and similar weight gain compared to the AGP-fed broilers.(AU)

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RESUMEN Introducción Las habilidades socioemocionales (HSE) hacen referencia a las actuaciones integrales representadas mediante la conducta para un adecuado manejo de emociones, realización personal y desarrollo social. Existen diversos instrumentos de evaluación para medir las HSE en universitarios, pero son inexistentes los dirigidos a estudiantes de enfermería. Objetivo Diseñar y determinar la validez de contenido de un instrumento para evaluar HSE en estudiantes de enfermería. Metodología Se realizó un estudio instrumental que incluyó las fases de revisión de instrumentos para evaluar las HSE; construcción del instrumento; revisión y mejora del instrumento por expertos; validación de contenido mediante el juicio de 16 expertos empleando un índice de relevancia (V de Aiken); pilotaje del instrumento con 50 estudiantes para el análisis de confiabilidad (Alpha de Cronbach) y comprensión del instrumento. Resultados El instrumento integró 12 indicadores (tolerancia, trabajo colaborativo, adaptación al entorno, comunicación eficaz, empatía, toma de decisiones, creatividad, relaciones interpersonales, asertividad, autoeficacia, resiliencia, y manejo del estrés). El juicio de expertos reveló la validez de contenido (V de Aiken > 0.90). Se obtuvo un valor aceptable de confiabilidad (α= 0.786) y una adecuada opinión sobre la comprensión del instrumento en el pilotaje. Discusión y Conclusión La evaluación de HSE en estudiantes de enfermería es fundamental tanto para mejorar y mantener su salud mental como para favorecer el desarrollo profesional, personal y social. La rúbrica es un instrumento confiable, primero en su tipo y con validez de contenido. Para que obtenga una calidad óptima se requiere continuar con el análisis de sus propiedades psicométricas.

ABSTRACT Introduction Social-emotional Skills (SES) refer to integral behaviors representing ade- quate management of emotions while achieving personal and social development. There are diverse instruments to assess SES on university students in general, but not on nursing students in particular. Objective To design an instrument to assess SES among nursing students and test its content validity. Methodology An instrumental study was carried out that included the revision phases of instruments to evaluate the SES: construction of the instrument; review and improvement of the instrument by experts; content validation by 16 experts using Aiken's V relevance index; and pilot test of the instrument on 50 students and assess its reliability (Cronbach´s Alpha) and ease of comprehension. Results The instrument integrated 12 indicators (tolerance, collaborative work, adaptation to the environment, efficacious communication, empathy, decision making, creativity, interpersonal relationships, assertiveness, self-efficacy, resilience, and stress management). Expert judgment revealed a content validity of Aiken's V > 0.90. An acceptable value of reliability (α= 0.786) and favorable opinion was obtained regarding the ease of comprehension of the instrument. Discussion and Conclusion The assessment of SES on nursing students is fundamental to improve and preserve their mental health, and foster their professional, personal, and social development. This is a reliable, first-of-its-kind, and content-validated instrument. Nevertheless, the analysis of its psychometric properties should be continued to keep improving its quality.

RESUMO Introdução As habilidades socioemocionais (HSE) referem-se a ações integrais representadas por meio do comportamento para o manejo adequado de emoções, realização pessoal e desenvolvimento social. Existem diversos instrumentos de avaliação para mensurar a HSE em estudantes universitários, mas os voltados para estudantes de enfermagem são inexistentes. Objetivo Desenhar e determinar a validade de conteúdo de um instrumento para avaliar HSE em estudantes de enfermagem. Metodologia Foi realizado um estudo instrumental que incluiu as fases de revisão dos instrumentos de avaliação da HSE; construção de instrumentos; revisão e aperfeiçoamento do instrumento pelos especialistas; validação de conteúdo por meio dos pareceres de 16 especialistas utilizando um índice de relevância (V de Aiken); pilotagem do instrumento com 50 alunos para análise da confiabilidade (Alpha de Cronbach) e compreensão do instrumento. Resultados O instrumento integrou 12 indicadores (tolerância, trabalho colaborativo, adaptação ao entorno, comunicação efetiva, empatia, tomada de decisão, criatividade, relacionamento interpessoal, assertividade, autoeficácia, resiliência e gerenciamento de estresse). O parecer de especialistas revelou validade de conteúdo (V de Aiken > 0.90). Obteve-se um valor aceitável de confiabilidade (α= 0.786) e uma opinião adequada sobre o entendimento do instrumento na pilotagem. Discussão e Conclusão A avaliação da HSE em estudantes de enfermagem é essencial tanto para melhorar e manter sua saúde mental quanto para promover o desenvolvimento profissional, pessoal e social. A rubrica é um instrumento confiável, primeiro do gênero e com validade de conteúdo. Para obter a qualidade ideal, é necessário continuar com a análise de suas propriedades psicométricas.

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Polymer-based guest-host systems represent a promising class of materials for efficient light-emitting diodes. The energy transfer from the polymer host to the guest is the key process in light generation. Therefore, microscopic descriptions of the different mechanisms involved in the energy transfer can contribute to enlighten the basis of the highly efficient light harvesting observed in this kind of materials. Herein, the nature of intramolecular energy transfer in a dye-end-capped conjugated polymer is explored by using atomistic nonadiabatic excited-state molecular dynamics. Linear perylene end-capped (PEC) polyindenofluorenes (PIF), consisting of n (n = 2, 4, and 6) repeat units, i.e., PEC-PIFn oligomers, are considered as model systems. After photoexcitation at the oligomer absorption maximum, an initial exciton becomes self-trapped on one of the monomer units (donors). Thereafter, an efficient ultrafast through-space energy transfer from this unit to the perylene acceptor takes place. We observe that this energy transfer occurs equally well from any monomer unit on the chain. Effective specific vibronic couplings between each monomer and the acceptor are identified. These oligomer → end-cap energy transfer steps do not match with the rates predicted by Förster-type energy transfer. The through-space and through-bond mechanisms are two distinct channels of energy transfer. The former dominates the overall process, whereas the through-bond energy transfer between indenofluorene monomer units along the oligomer backbone only makes a minor contribution.

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Pharyngitis and tonsillitis are the most common acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in children aged ≤5 years. The analysis of published data showed that some probiotics could decrease the frequency and number of days with ARIs. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of Limosilactobacillus reuteri ATCC PTA 5289 and DSM 17938 to reduce the duration and severity of ARI symptoms. This randomised controlled trial included children aged from 6 months to 5 years, with pharyngitis or tonsillitis, who were randomised to receive a probiotic product containing L. reuteri ATCC PTA 5289 and L. reuteri DSM 17938 or placebo, as drops, ingested orally for 10 days as adjuvants to the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The main outcomes were the duration and severity of ARI symptoms. The secondary outcomes were changes in salivary immunoglobulin A and inflammatory biomarkers. There was no fever on day 2 and subsequent days in the L. reuteri group (37.3 ±0.5 °C vs 38.6±0.3 °C, P<0.05). Beginning on day 3, the severity of sore throat (5±0.9 vs 8±1.2, P<0.05) was lower in the L. reuteri group. Significant differences in the days with runny nose, nasal congestion, days of non-programmed visits to the medical office or emergency department, levels in tumoral necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and related costs of treatment were observed in the L. reuteri group. The frequency of adverse events was similar between the groups. Therefore, L. reuteri ATCC PTA 5289 combined with L. reuteri DSM 17938 is a safe and effective adjunct to reduce the symptoms of pharyngitis or tonsillitis in children.

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RESUMEN: La educación universitaria busca desarrollar competencias profesionales y capacidades para el aprendizaje autónomo. Las metodologías de aprendizajes activos, centrado en los alumnos, como el aprendizaje basado en problemas (ABP), podría ser de gran utilidad en mejorar el rendimiento académico en asignaturas de las Ciencias Básicas en estudiantes de carreras de salud y medicina. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el impacto del uso de la metodología activa de aprendizaje basado en problemas, sobre el rendimiento académico de estudiantes universitarios que cursan asignaturas morfo-biológicas en las carreras de Kinesiología y de Obstetricia. De un universo de 500 alumnos que ingresaron a los primeros años de carreras de la salud de la Universidad de Tarapacá (año lectivo 2018), se seleccionaron 100 estudiantes (mayores de 18 años), separando como grupo control o no intervenido (n=50) a estudiantes de Obstetricia y grupo intervenido, con aplicación de ABP (n=50), estudiantes de la carrera de Kinesiología. El estudio tuvo una duración de 24 semanas lectivas. Los resultados muestran que el grupo intervenido mejoró significativamente el rendimiento académico, con un 98% de aprobación y una evaluación final de 5,9. El grupo control alcanzó un 84 % de aprobación y evaluación final de 4,8. Se concluye que el uso de metodología activa de ABP, mejora significativamente el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes de ciencias de la salud que cursan asignaturas morfo-biológicas y que las actividades con participación directa a través de cuestionarios y exposiciones científicas grupales e individuales permiten que el estudiante sea su propio agente de cambio en los procesos de evaluación formativa. Se sugiere implementar este tipo de metodologías activas en los cursos regulares considerando además, los factores psicológicos del aprendizaje.

SUMMARY: University education seeks to develop professional skills and capacities for autonomous learning. Active learning methodologies, centered on students, such as problem- based learning (PBL), could be very useful in improving academic performance in Basic Sciences courses in health and medical students. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of the use of the active problem-based learning methodology on the academic performance of university students who take morpho-biological courses in the Kinesiology and Obstetrics degree programs. From a total of 500 students who entered the first years of health degrees at the University of Tarapacá (academic year 2018), 100 students (over 18 years of age) were selected, separating as a control or non-intervened group (n = 50) to Obstetrics students and intervened group, with application of ABP (n = 50), students of the Kinesiology degree program. The study lasted 24 school weeks. The results show that the intervened group significantly improved academic performance, with 98 % approval and a final evaluation of 5.9. The control group achieved 84 % approval and a final evaluation of 4.8. It is concluded that the use of the active PBL methodology significantly improves the academic performance of health sciences students who take morpho-biological subjects and that activities with direct participation through questionnaires and group and individual scientific presentations, allow the student be their own agent of change in the educational assessment processes. It is suggested to implement this type of active methodologies in regular courses, also considering the psychological factors of learning.

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The interaction between nitrogen-doped graphene defects (N3V1 and N4V2 pyridinic, and N3V1 and N3V3 pyrrolic) and benzene have been investigated by applying density functional theory (DFT), together with the vdW-DF correction. We discovered that only the N3V3 pyrrolic defect is a reactive site (6π-component), forming a cycloadduct with benzene (4π-component) that has energy barriers below 154.38 kJ mol-1 (1.60 eV). The conduction and valence bands (HOMO and LUMO) for N3V3 form a degenerate pair of orbitals at the gamma point, with the same ionization potential (IP) and electron affinity (EA). Likewise, inspection of the orbital symmetries for both systems confirms that these must undergo concerted reactions based on the Woodward and Hoffmann principles of orbital symmetry, with the appropriate orbital occupancies. This is the first time that substitutionally doped graphene has been demonstrated to participate as a 6π-component for cycloaddition reactions with benzene.

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Streptococcus agalactiae is a bovine pathogen that causes intramammary infections. For humans, S. agalactiae is a leading cause of neonatal death and an emerging pathogen in adults. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of S. agalactiae TA B490, a multidrug-resistant strain isolated from bovine mastitis in Argentina.

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BACKGROUND: High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is considered a complex plasma-circulating particle with subfractions that vary in function, size, and chemical composition. We sought to test the effects of HDL, and HDL subfractions on insulin secretion and cholesterol efflux in the ß-cell line MIN-6. METHODS: We used total HDL and HDL subfractions 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, and 3c, isolated from human plasma, to test insulin secretion under different glucose concentrations as well as insulin content and cholesterol efflux in the insulinoma MIN-6 cell line. RESULTS: Incubation of MIN-6 cells with low glucose and total HDL increased insulin release two-fold. Meanwhile, when high glucose and HDL were used, insulin release increased more than five times. HDL subfractions 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, and 3c elicited higher insulin secretion and cholesterol efflux than their respective controls, at both low and high glucose concentrations. The insulin content of the MIN-6 cells incubated with low glucose and any of the five HDL subclasses had a modest reduction compared with their controls. However, there were no statistically significant differences between each HDL subfraction on their capacity of eliciting insulin secretion, insulin content, or cholesterol efflux. CONCLUSIONS: HDL can trigger insulin secretion under low, normal, and high glucose conditions. We found that all HDL subfractions exhibit very similar capacity to increase insulin secretion and cholesterol efflux. This is the first report demonstrating that HDL subfractions act both as insulin secretagogues (under low glucose) and insulin secretion enhancers (under high glucose) in the MIN-6 cell line.

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