RESUMO
One of the most widely used scales for the evaluation of stress is the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and it has been adapted into different languages. However, few studies have presented normative data from large samples, and there do not appear to be any studies of the PSS that provide normative data based on large samples for Mexico. Thus, the goal of this study was to provide normative data regarding gender and different age groups for a sample of 1990 Mexican subjects to validate the factor structure of the construct for this sample. The analysis of the 10- and 14-item versions of the PSS revealed that the scale had adequate reliability and that the factor structure was consistent with previous studies. With respect to the normative data, the means of the different groups ranged from 20.93 to 25.63 for the PSS14 and from 14.52 to 17.73 for the PSS10. We propose that scores within one standard deviation of these means be used as reference values for each group.
Assuntos
Estresse Psicológico/diagnóstico , Adulto , Análise Fatorial , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Lineares , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Psicometria/instrumentação , Valores de Referência , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Valorar la capacidad predictora del estrés, el apoyo social y la autoestima respecto de la salud mental y física del individuo mediante ecuaciones estructurales, integrando modelos parciales estimados anteriormente, lo que permite simplificar los efectos entre las variables. MÉTODOS: La muestra estudiada abarcó 283 mujeres con hijos. Todas las participantes residían en el municipio de General Escobedo, estado de Nuevo León, México. Las encuestas se realizaron en el segundo semestre de 2003, en los domicilios, utilizando cuestionarios de autoevaluación para valorar cada una de las variables incluidas en el modelo. Cada participante respondió a los cuestionarios en una sola sesión. Los resultados se analizaron con el programa AMOS 5.0, empleando el método de máxima verosimilitud, comúnmente utilizado en los modelos de ecuaciones estructurales. RESULTADOS: Los resultados obtenidos indican un ajuste aceptable en el modelo propuesto (ji2/gl = 3,03, GFI (índice de bondad del ajuste) = 0,894, AGFI (índice de bondad del ajuste corregido) = 0,848, RMSEA (error de aproximación cuadrático medio) = 0,08, IFI (índice de ajuste incremental) = 0,910). La varianza explicada es del 31,9 por ciento respecto del estrés, del 27,4 por ciento respecto de la salud física y del 72,1 por ciento respecto de la salud mental. CONCLUSIONES: El apoyo social y la autoestima son predictores del estrés; la edad y el estrés, predictores de la salud física; y el estrés, la autoestima y la salud física, predictores de la salud mental.
OBJECTIVE: To measure the extent to which stress, social support, and self-esteem are predictors of an individual's mental and physical health. Structural equations were integrated with previously-estimated partial models, which simplify the relationships among variables. METHODS: The study sample included 283 women with children. All of the participants resided in the municipality of General Escobedo, state of Nuevo León, Mexico. The surveys were carried out in the second semester of 2003, in the participants homes, using self-evaluation questionnaires to measure each of the variables included in the model. Each participant completed the questionnaire in one sitting. Results were analyzed with AMOS 5.0, employing the maximum likelihood method, often utilized in structural equation models. RESULTS: The results indicate an acceptable adjustment in the proposed model: (chi2/gl = 3.03, goodness of fit (GFI) = 0.894, adjusted goodness of fit (AGFI) = 0.848, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.08, incremental fit index (IFI) = 0.910). Variances were 31.9 percent with regard to stress, 27.4 percent with regard to physical health, and 72.1 percent with regard to mental health. CONCLUSIONS: Social support and self-esteem are predictors of stress; age and stress are predictors of physical health; and stress, self-esteem, and physical health are predictors of mental health.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Nível de Saúde , Saúde Mental , Modelos Teóricos , Estudos TransversaisAssuntos
Saúde , Saúde Mental , Estresse Fisiológico , México , Saúde , Saúde Mental , Estresse Fisiológico , Modelos Teóricos , Nível de Saúde , Saúde Mental , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
The aim of this study was to analyze the cultural adaptation of the European Spanish version of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS; Cohen, Kamarak, & Mermelstein, 1983), for its use in Mexican samples. Using a random sample of students, internal consistency was analyzed and the factor structure of the Spanish version of the PSS was compared with the factor structure found in the English version. Internal consistency was adequate (alpha = .83) and confirmatory factor analysis corroborated the factor structure. Factor 1 explained 42.8% of the variance and Factor 2 accounted for 53.2%. The goodness-of-fit measures also revealed an adequate fit. The cultural adaptation of the PSS was also evaluated with satisfactory results.