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INTRODUCTION: This academic article discusses the historical underrepresentation of female in science, with a focus on Latin America. It highlights the importance of both technical and non-technical skills in the medical-surgical field, particularly the role of research skills. The study aims to quantify and characterize the scientific output of Latin American female researchers over the past decade, providing insights into the challenges and opportunities in low and middle-income countries. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional bibliometric study was conducted in 2023, focusing on pediatric surgical science journals in Scopus and PubMed. It assessed Latin American female participation, journal details, and interaction networks, using SPSS and Gephi software. The period analyzed was from January 2012 to December 2022. RESULTS: Between 2012 and 2022, 727 articles with Latin authorship in pediatric surgery were analyzed across 304 journals. Of these, 63.69% had female co-authors. The majority were original articles (53.13%), with contributions from Brazil, Mexico, and Chile. Notable journals included the Journal of Pediatric Surgery and Child's Nervous System. Keywords like Laparoscopy and Cardiac surgery were common. A growth trend in female Latin American publications was observed, despite temporary declines. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights a growing trend in Latin American females' scientific contributions to pediatric surgery from 2012 to 2022, although a gender gap persists. The research mainly consists of primary data studies, with a focus on Brazil and Mexico from public institutions. The Journal of Pediatric Surgery featured prominently, and common topics included Laparoscopy, Cardiac surgery, Liver transplant, Congenital heart defects, and COVID-19. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.

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Parece difícil hablar de agencia moral sin apelar a la autonomía del sujeto. Por otro lado, el desarrollo en el estudio de la dimensión emocional en las ciencias cognitivas ha permitido reconocer la funcionalidad de ésta y su importancia en procesos especialmente relevantes para la agencia moral. Paradójicamente, estas dos ideas nos llevan una situación en la que la aceptación de una premisa, a saber, las emociones son necesarias para el desarrollo de la agencia moral, implica la negación de la otra, a saber, la autonomía es una precondición de la agencia moral, y viceversa. Dadas estas premisas, ¿se podría seguir manteniendo que el agente moral es un agente esencialmente autónomo, o por el contrario el agente moral es un agente que hace lo que siente y por tanto está determinado? A lo largo de este artículo se defenderá que la dimensión emocional, lejos de ser un obstáculo, es un elemento necesario para poder hablar de autonomía en el agente moral

It seems hard to talk about moral agency without appealing to autonomy. On the other side, the development of the study of emotion by cognitive science has allowed us to recognize the functionality of the emotional processes, which is especially relevant for the study of moral agency. Paradoxically, these two ideas lead to a point where the acceptance of the emotional basis of morality implies the denial of the autonomy, since the first one can be seen as an obstacle of the last one, and vice versa. With regard to this paradox and the two premises involved, the question is therefore whether the moral agent is essentially autonomous or does what he feels and therefore he is determined by his feelings and emotions. Throughout this paper I will argue that emotions are not an obstacle but a necessary element to moral agents' autonomy

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