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El objetivo de esta investigación fue establecer en pacientes atendidos en la Maternidad “Dr. Armando Castillo Plaza”, Maracaibo, Venezuela, la relación de la colonización del Streptococcus beta hemolítico del grupo B (SGB) en la vagina y recto de las gestantes a término en trabajo de parto y la colonización de sus neonatos, entre los meses Mayo a Diciembre del 2004. Se estudiaron 100 gestantes con embarazos simples a término en trabajo de parto, independientemente de su edad cronológica y paridad, excluyéndose aquellas embarazadas con ruptura prematura de membrana mayor de 18 horas, con antibioticoterapia en el momento del parto, con fiebre intraparto, coriamnionitis o con antecedente de parto anterior con infección del recién nacido por el SGB. A cada paciente se le tomó hisopado vaginal rectal y secreción nasal a sus neonatos al momento del parto, los cuales se colocaron en un medio de Cary & Blair y se transportaron al laboratorio de bacteriología donde las muestras de vagina y de secreción nasal se cultivaron en agar sangre de carnero con Kanamicina; las muestras rectales se inocularon en agar sangre de carnero con Kanamicina y en caldo cerebro corazón con Ácido Nalidixico y Gentamicina. El SGB fue identificado mediante pruebas convencionales y una vez identificadas se les realizó las pruebas de susceptibilidad siguiendo la metodología descrita por el CLSI 2007 (Bauer & Kirby). La frecuencia de aislamiento del SGB fue de 18% en las pacientes estudiadas y del 10% en sus recién nacidos. La transmisión vertical en el momento del parto fue 55,5%. Los aislamientos de SGB fueron sensibles a todos los antibióticos probados. La frecuencia de colonización en las parturientas y en los neonatos es comparable con las reportadas en otros países. Es necesario establecer pautas para detectar la colonización materna por SGB y así prevenir la sepsis neonatal por este microorganismo.

The objective of this investigation was to establish in patients taken care of in the Maternity “ Dr. Armando Castillo Plaza”, Maracaibo, Venezuela, the relation of the colonization of the hemolítico Streptococcus beta of the B group (SGB) in the vagina and rectum of the gestantes upon maturity in work of childbirth and the colonization of its neoborn ones, between the months May to December of the 2004. 100 gestantes with simple pregnancies in work of childbirth studied upon maturity, independently of its chronological age and parity, excluding themselves those pregnant women with greater membrane premature rupture of 18 hours, with antibioticoterapia at the moment of the childbirth, with fever intrachildbirth, coriamniotitis or with antecedent of previous childbirth with infection of new born by the SGB. To each patient hisopado was taken her vaginal rectal and nasal secretion to its neoborn ones at the time of the childbirth, which was placed in means of Cary & Blair and they were transported to the bacteriology laboratory where the nasal secretion and vagina samples were cultivated in agar blood of sheep with kanamicina; the rectal samples inoculated in agar blood of sheep with kanamicina and in broth brain heart with nalidixico acid and gentamicina. The SGB was identified by means of conventional tests and once identified the methodology described by CLSI 2007 was made the susceptibility tests to them following (Bauer & Kirby). The frequency of isolation of the SGB was of 18% in the studied patients and 10% in new born her. Vertical transmission in the moment of the childbirth was 55.5%. The isolations of SGB were sensible to all proven antibiotics. The frequency of colonization in parturientas and the neoborn ones is comparable with the reported ones in other countries. It is necessary to establish guidelines to detect the maternal colonization by SGB and thus to prevent the neonative sepsis by this microorganism.

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464 stool specimens from children under 5 with acute diarrheal disease and other 149 specimens from the control group were studied from July, 1993, to May, 1995. The specimens were collected at the Pediatric Emergency Department of the Autonomous Institute of the Teaching Hospital of Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela. The presence of the internationally recommended bacterial, parasitary and viral agents was investigated. The commonest bacteria isolated as unique pathogens were: Shigella (42.85%), Shigella sonnei, the most found, (66.67%), and the thermotolerant Campylobacter, Aeromonas sp. and enteropathogenous Escherichia coli, with 15; 15 and 13.5%, respectively. 6.5% of parasites and 24.12% of Rotavirus were also found. It was concluded that in the period of time under study the infectious and mainly, the bacterial origin is an important cause of acute diarrheal disease in Mérida.

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Between December, 1985, and May, 1988 we have performed coronary angioplasty of 14 lesions in 12 patients. Before angioplasty 8 patients had a history of unstable angina, and 3 developed angina after streptokinase because of an acute myocardial infarction. We attempted angioplasty of 11 proximal and 3 distal lesions; these included a coronary bypass graft lesion, and 3 lesions in one vessel. We successfully dilated 12 lesions (85%). The coronary stenosis was reduced on average from 84.2 +/- 9 to 17.5 +/- 7 per cent (P less than 0.0001); and the pressure gradient was reduced from 74 +/- 16.25 to 18.3 +/- 9 mmHg (P less than 0.001). Procedure-related complications included: coronary occlusion in 4 patients (28.5%) that were successfully resolved during angioplasty in 3 patients, but one developed myocardial infarction (8.3%); and one urgent surgery and death in a patient with 3 vessel disease. Twelve patients (83%) with no evidence of myocardial ischemia returned to their normal activities. These initial data confirm coronary angioplasty as a safe, efficatious and successful alternative in the management of selected patients with coronary artery disease.

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The M-Mode echocardiographic measurements, according to the international criteria, were done in tracings of 274 normal subjects residents of Mexico City, in order to know the normal values in its population. One hundred and thirty one males (47.8%), and 143 females (52.2%). The age varied from 1 to 73 years, the predominant group was between the third and fifth decades of the life. The age, weight and body surface area (BSA) were correlated with measurements, better correlation was found with BSA and it was the analysis base. According to the BSA, 6 subgroups were formed, the first one of 0.5 m2; increasing 0.4 m2 for each subgroup until the last one of 2.1(2) or more. Were observed proportional amount respect to BSA of D-E mitral valve excursion, aortic root diameter, aortic excursion, aortic opening amplitude, left atrium diameter, end diastolic and end systolic diameters of left ventricle, as well as interventricular septum (IVS) and posterior wall (PW) thickness. The measures were less than the reported other countries. The mean velocity of circumferential shortening (Vcf), fractional shortening (FS) and normalized velocities (NV) showed inverse proportion to BSA. The values of Vcf and NV were similar to the previous report, but the FS and the ejection fraction were higher. The study let us to know the normal echocardiographic values for people of Mexico and the differences with respect to the altitude of this city and the body frame of its population.

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Agroecosystems in Tlaxcala, Mexico, are surrounded by trees and water channels and have a great variety of cultivated and noncultivated plants. The main results of a study carried out on a traditional agroecosystem in Santa Inés, Tlaxcala are presented. Some ecological aspects of polycultures, plant covers (dry leaves ofAlnus firmifolia, Berula erecta, andJuncus sp.), and the allelopathic potential of crops and noncultivated plants (fresh and dry material) were analyzed. The main plants (trees, shrubs, and herbs) present in the agroecosystem were identified. The total number of weeds in plots where plant covers were added was reduced. The number of nodules ofRhizobium phaseoli and the production of bean and squash increased with plant covers. Corn, beans, and squash showed a clear allelopathic effect, as well asChenopodium murale, Tradescantia crassifolia, Melilotus indicus, andAmaranthus hybridus, among other weeds. The contribution of allelopathy in studies of traditional agroecosystems is of great importance for the management of species in space and time. Allelopathy can be the basis of biological control of pests and weeds and of the discovery of new useful substances.

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PIP: This study presents the clinical evalaution of 52 pregnancies in IUD users. 76.9% were between 17 and 30 years of age, and 61.5% had 2 or less deliveries. 48 of the 52 women wore a Lippes Loop device; the majority of pregnancies had occurred within the 1st 12 months after IUD insertion. In 18 cases the device strings were visible; in 6 of these cases the device was removed by pulling the string; 2 women aborted and 4 delivered at term. There were, in total, 21 spontaneous abortions, or 45.7% of cases, 7 premature deliveries, or 15.2% of cases, and 18 deliveries at term of 39.1% of cases. There were 2 ectopic pregnancies. After delivery only 7 women, or 13.5%, requested insertion of another IUD; 34.6% preferred hormonal contraception, 26.9% chose tubal sterilization, and 25% chose local contraception.^ieng

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Se analizaron prospectivamente 52 embarazos accidentales con dispositivo intrauterino (DIU) in situ. Se observo que el 76,8 por ciento de las usuarias eran mujeres con menos de 30 anos y con dos o menos partos previos en el 61,5 por ciento. La frecuencia del embarazo simultaneo con un DIU incrementa las complicaciones relacionadas con el embarazo y por consiguiente,el numero de consultas y estancia hospitalaria

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