RESUMO
To control postpartum anestrus and reduce calving to conception interval, 167 crossbred non-pregnant cows that were 90-130 days postpartum were allotted randomly to one of the following treatments: PH (n=59), intra-vaginal sponge with 250 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP) for 7 days plus 50mg of MAP and 5mg 17-beta estradiol (17beta-E) in the first day of treatment (day -8), 500 UI eCG (day -3) and 1.5mg 17beta-E in 24h after sponge removal (day 0); CR (n=57), temporary calf removal for 120 h; CG (n=51), control group without treatment. Estrus rate differed among treatments (P<0.01) being greater in PH (78.2%), followed by CR (52.0%) and CG (22.9%). A greater proportion of cows in the PH (80.0%) and CR (54%) groups had ovulations when compared to CG (35.4%). Intervals to first estrus were 13.5+/-6.3 days, 26.1+/-6.4 days and 52.5+/-7.5 days for the PH, CR and CG groups, respectively. First insemination conception was similar in the three groups. Postpartum intervals to first breeding (PFS) and to conception (PCI) were longer in CG than PH and CR groups (P<0.05; P<0.01). The PH and CR groups had a similar PFS but PCI was different (P<0.02). Accumulated pregnancy rate at 30 and 60 but not at 90 days were different (30 days: P<0.09; P<0.01; P<0.09; 60 days: P<0.06; P<0.01; P<0.03) among treatments. After 90 days post-treatment, 9%, 18% and 33% of cows from the PH, CR and CG groups had not conceived. Similarly, 5.4%, 6.0% and 12.5% of cows from the PH, CR and CG groups, respectively, were culled from the herd because of lack of pregnancy after 180 days post treatment. In the group of cows evaluated by ultrasonography, only those cows having larger ovaries and dominant follicles had ovulations. It was concluded that the hormonal treatment was more efficient in inducing a fertile estrus and reducing calving to conception interval followed by the calf removal for 120 h. Each method can be considered as an important tool to reduce the postpartum anestrous period in dual purpose herds when AI is conduct in the tropics.
Assuntos
Anestro/efeitos dos fármacos , Dispositivos Anticoncepcionais Femininos/veterinária , Gonadotropinas Equinas/administração & dosagem , Privação Materna , Prenhez , Progesterona/administração & dosagem , Algoritmos , Animais , Animais Domésticos/fisiologia , Animais Lactentes , Cruzamento , Bovinos , Cruzamentos Genéticos , Feminino , Abrigo para Animais , Inseminação Artificial , Masculino , Parto , Período Pós-Parto/efeitos dos fármacos , Gravidez , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
In schistosomiasis, granuloma formation to parasite eggs signals the beginning of a chronic and potentially life-threatening disease. Granulomas are strictly mediated by CD4+ T helper (Th) cells specific for egg antigens; however, the number and identity of these T cell-sensitizing molecules are largely unknown. We have used monoclonal T cell reagents derived from egg-sensitized individuals as probes to track down, isolate and positively identify several egg antigens; this approach implicitly assures that the molecules of interest are T cell immunogens and, hence, potentially pathogenic. The best studied and most abundant egg component is the Sm-p40 antigen. Sm-p40 and its peptide 234-246 elicit a strikingly immunodominant Th-1-polarized response in C3H and CBA mice, which are H-2k strains characterized by severe egg-induced immunopathology. Two additional recently described T cell-sensitizing egg antigens are Schistosoma mansoni phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (Sm-PEPCK) and thioredoxin peroxidase-1 (Sm-TPx-1). In contrast to Sm-p40, both of these molecules induce a more balanced Th-1/Th-2 response, and are relatively stronger antigens in C57BL/6 mice, which develop smaller egg granulomas. Importantly, Sm-p40 and Sm-PEPCK have demonstrated immunogenicity in humans. The findings in the murine model introduce the important notion that egg antigens can vary significantly in immunogenicity according to the host's genetic background. A better knowledge of the principal immunogenic egg components is necessary to determine whether the immune responses to certain antigens can serve as indicators or predictors of the form and severity of clinical disease, and to ascertain whether such responses can be manipulated for the purpose of reducing pathology.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Helmintos/imunologia , Óvulo/imunologia , Schistosoma/imunologia , Esquistossomose/imunologia , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Animais , Anticorpos Monoclonais/imunologia , Granuloma/diagnóstico , Granuloma/imunologia , Humanos , Camundongos , Schistosoma/enzimologia , Schistosoma mansoni/enzimologia , Schistosoma mansoni/imunologia , Esquistossomose mansoni/imunologia , Linfócitos T Auxiliares-Indutores/imunologiaRESUMO
Human T lymphocytes carry a membrane receptor for sheep erythrocytes (E) related to the CD2 molecule. The E-receptor is found in a soluble from (Rs) in serum and can be quantitated by "rocket electrophoresis" using an anti-Rs serum obtained by immunizing sheep with autologous erythrocytes coated with Rs. Increased serum levels of Rs are found in patients with diseases associated with immunodepression. In the present study, 14 asymptomatic HIV-1 seropositive individuals were investigated regarding their Rs levels and delayed hypersensitivity skin tests every 3 months for a period of 35 months. All these patients progressed to AIDS in this period. Rs serum levels have also been quantitated in 14 normal individuals. The mean Rs values in normal individuals, asymptomatic, and AIDS patients were, respectively: 4.8 +/- 1.5 mm (SD), 9.6 +/- 1.9 mm (SD) and 11.3 +/- 2.4 mm (SD). An increase of Rs serum levels was observed when we compared normal individuals with CDC-II and CDC-IV clinical stage patients (P < 0.05, Mann-Whitney test) and CDC-II and CDC-IV patients, (P < 0.05, Wilcoxon test). We have observed a depressed delayed hypersensitivity response to ubiquitous antigens in CDC-IV patients. Our results indicate that Rs serum levels can be used as a progression marker in HIV infected patients.
Assuntos
Antígenos CD2/análise , Eritrócitos/imunologia , Infecções por HIV/imunologia , HIV-1 , Receptores de Superfície Celular/sangue , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Adulto , Animais , Antígenos CD4/análise , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , Humanos , Hipersensibilidade Tardia/imunologia , Soros Imunes/imunologia , Imunoeletroforese , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Receptores de Superfície Celular/imunologia , Ovinos , SolubilidadeRESUMO
The prevalence of HIV-1 antibodies in selected groups of individuals from Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Santos was determined retrospectively. These groups and respective prevalences were: hemophiliac patients from Rio de Janeiro (1983-1984) 98.0%; polytransfused hemodialysis patients from São Paulo (1985-1986) 3.0% and (1987) 7.7%; intravenous drug addicts from São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro (1986-1987) 15.9%; male prisoners from São Paulo (1988) 12.5%, and pregnant women from Santos (1988-1989) 3.6%. These data stress the magnitude of AIDS in Brazil.
Assuntos
Soroprevalência de HIV , HIV-1 , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Feminino , Anticorpos Anti-HIV/análise , HIV-1/imunologia , Hemofilia A , Humanos , Masculino , Gravidez , Prisioneiros , Diálise Renal , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Abuso de Substâncias por Via IntravenosaRESUMO
We present 3 patients with infective endocarditis due to Candida sp. They were not immunodeficient subjects, but they had major surgery, longterm antimicrobial therapy and prosthetic implants. Candida endocarditis is a difficult diagnosis for biological and technical. There is also poor results with and therapeutic reasons. The combined treatment with amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine, plus surgical removal of the infected tissue is recommended widely in the literature.