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RESUMEN Fundamento: el linfoma testicular constituye entre el 1 y el 9 % de los tumores testiculares, es el tumor testicular maligno más frecuente en los varones mayores de 50 años. El pronóstico es reservado debido a una gran tendencia a la propagación sistémica temprana. La presentación clínica más habitual, dolor testicular a la palpación y espontáneo, con aumento del volumen y de la consistencia testicular. Su tratamiento se sustenta en tres pilares fundamentales: orquiectomía, quimioterapia y radioterapia. Objetivo: describir un enfermo con linfoma testicular tipo B de célula grande. Presentación del caso: paciente masculino de 55 años de edad, hipertenso, fumador 10 cigarrillos al día, bebedor ocasional. Acude a consulta por aumento de volumen testicular izquierdo. En la analítica se observa elevación del lactato deshidrogenasa. Ecografía: teste izquierdo con ecogenicidad muy heterogénea, parénquima desestructurado, sin lesiones nodulares. Engrosamiento difuso del epidídimo. Vascularización incrementada. Se realiza orquiectomía radical inguinal, al ser el diagnóstico anatomopatológico linfoma difuso de células grandes tipo B, en la actualidad ha sido tratado con quimioterapia, por presentar además afectación ósea. Pero ha evolucionado favorablemente. Conclusiones: el linfoma testicular es una enfermedad poco frecuente, a pesar de ser considerado el tumor testicular más común en mayores de 60 años. En su mayoría se trata de linfomas no Hodgkin difusos de grado intermedio alto de malignidad e inmunofenotipo B. El pronóstico siempre es reservado debido a su gran tendencia a la propagación sistémica. El tratamiento está basado en la cirugía (orquiectomía radical inguinal), quimioterapia y radioterapia.
ABSTRACT Background: testicular lymphoma constitutes between 1 and 9 % of testicular tumors; it is the most frequent malignant testicular tumor in men over 50 years of age. The prognosis is reserved due to a great tendency to early systemic spread. The most common clinical presentation is testicular pain on palpation and spontaneous, with increased volume and testicular consistency. Its treatment is based on three fundamental pillars: orchiectomy, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Objective: to describe a patient with large cell type B testicular lymphoma. Case report: 55-year-old male patient, hypertensive, smoker 10 cigarettes a day, occasional drinker. He goes to consultation due to left testicular volume increase. In the laboratory tests, the lactate dehydrogenase is elevated. Ultrasound Scand: Left testicle with very heterogeneous echogenicity, unstructured parenchyma, no nodular lesions. Diffuse thickening of the epididymis. Increased vascularization. Inguinal radical orchiectomy is performed, the anatomic-pathological diagnosis being diffuse large B cell type lymphoma, it has now been treated with chemotherapy, because he alsopresented bone involvement. But he has evolved favorably. Conclusions: testicular lymphoma is a very rare entity, despite being considered the most common testicular tumor in people over 60 years of age. The majority are diffuse non-Hodgkin lymphomas of high intermediate degree of malignancy and immune-phenotype B. The prognosis is always reserved due to its great tendency to systemic spread. The treatment is based on surgery (radical inguinal orchiectomy), chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
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Fundamento: el cáncer de pulmón es la causa más frecuente de mortalidad en el mundo. Es uno de los cánceres con peor pronóstico, suele diagnosticarse en estadios avanzados. La detección precoz, en la fase de nódulo pulmonar, permitiría una intervención terapéutica más temprana, al mejorar el pronóstico y la supervivencia. Los diagnósticos más importantes son: la radiografía de tórax, tomografía computarizada, punción aspirativa con aguja fina, existe una gran cantidad de diagnósticos diferenciales que incluyen lesiones benignas y malignas. Objetivo: describir los aspectos clínicos, radiológicos, histopatológico y diagnósticos diferenciales del nódulo pulmonar solitario de localización subpleural. Caso clínico: se describe un caso clínico con un nódulo pulmonar solitario y diagnóstico presuntivo inicial de carcinoma pulmonar; tras ser estudiado y realizarle lobectomía pulmonar; el diagnóstico como causa inflamatoria fue una neumonía. Conclusiones: el mayor por ciento de los nódulos pulmonares solitarios son neoplasias secundarias a afecciones con las que se puede establecer el diagnóstico diferencial. La causa más frecuente son los granulomas secundarios a afecciones inflamatorias infecciosas, al seguir en orden de frecuencia el cáncer y dentro de ellos el carcinoma broncógeno.
Background: lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer mortality worldwide. It is one of the cancers with worse prognosis, since it is usually diagnosed in advanced stages. Early detection, in the pulmonary nodule phase, would allow an earlier therapeutic intervention, improving prognosis and survival. Important diagnostic tools include chest radiography, computed tomography, fine needle aspiration, and a large number of differential diagnoses including benign and malignant lesions. Objective: to describe the clinical, radiological, histopathological and differential diagnoses of the solitary pulmonary nodule of subpleural location. Clinical case: a clinical case with a solitary pulmonary nodule and initial presumptive diagnosis of lung carcinoma is described; after being studied and performed lung lobectomy, diagnosed as an inflammatory cause, pneumonia. Conclusions: 95 % of solitary pulmonary nodules are neoplasias secondary to conditions with which a differential diagnosis can be established. The most frequent cause is granulomas secondary to infectious inflammatory conditions, following in order of frequency the cancer and within them the bronchogenic carcinoma.
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OBJECTIVE: To present a case of infantile myofibromatosis of visceral location and a review of the literature. METHOD/RESULTS: We report the case of an 11-year-old Caucasian girl hospitalized for abdominal tumorous mass, weight loss and lack of appetite. Physical examination showed: cutaneous-mucous paleness and a painless, palpable tumorous mass of 8-10cm in the right abdominal flank, of firm consistency with defined edges and extending past the midline. Blood test showed hemoglobin 90 mg/l and erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 130 mm/hour. Chest x-ray and bone study were normal, while abdominal x-ray showed intratumorous calcification, intravenous urographyc showed light displace downwards and outwards of the right kidney. Ultrasound showed a solid echogenic mass with a diameter of 11cm in the right abdominal flank, above and extending towards the lower portion of the right kidney. Surgical treatment for possible neuroblastoma was initiated, during which various tumorous growths were observed in the mesocolon, the largest measuring 7cm, which were removed. Macroscopic examination showed whitish well-defined tumorous growths of firm consistency with focal calcifications. Microscopic examination showed a proliferation of fibroblastic type cells, with some areas having smooth muscle cell characteristics. Diagnosis was myofibromatosis. CONCLUSIONS: Infantile myofibromatosis is the most common fibrous disorder of infancy and childhood, more commonly found between birth and two years of age, may also appear later in life. Etiology is unclear, but certain studies report estrogen involvement in its pathogenesis. Clinical symptoms depend on the location and extension of the lesion and age at presentation. Spontaneous relapse may occur. Prognosis is good in the absence of visceral damage, although generalized congenital myofibromatosis with visceral damage is associated with high mortality especially in the first months of life, due to its destructive capacity, obstruction of vital organs, growth inhibition or infection. Urologic concerns include possible infiltration of genito-urinary organs (kidney, corpus spongiosum) and its association with urologic abnormalities. Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies show that the tumor is composed of myofibroblasts, with estrogen receptors, displaying vimentin and smooth muscle actin immunoreactivity. Strict follow up is recommended in patients with congenital myofibromatosis to avoid or detect possible complications that may be life-threatening (Bone survey abdominal-pelvic ultrasound, echocardiogram, chest-abdominal CT and biopsy). The treatment of choice is surgical removal, with extensive excision to avoid possible relapse.
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Doenças do Colo , Doenças Urogenitais Femininas , Miofibromatose , Criança , Doenças do Colo/diagnóstico , Doenças do Colo/cirurgia , Feminino , Doenças Urogenitais Femininas/diagnóstico , Doenças Urogenitais Femininas/cirurgia , Humanos , Miofibromatose/diagnóstico , Miofibromatose/cirurgiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: We report a clinical case of inverted papilloma of the anterior male urethra. METHODS/RESULTS: 40-year-old male without significant past medical history presenting with dysuria and referring three episodes of urethral bleeding. Preliminary studies included voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) which revealed a filling defect in the anterior urethra. Urethrocystoscopy was performed under anesthesia, with resection of the tumor. Pathologic study reported a urethral inverted papilloma. CONCLUSIONS: Inverted papillomas of the male urethra are rare. The most frequent clinical manifestations are dysuria and hematuria, although they may present with urethral bleeding when located in the anterior urethra. Diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms, ultrasound, endoscopy and VCUG which enable detection of urethral filling defects. The treatment of choice is transurethral resection of the lesion. Annual endoscopic control is recommended after surgery.
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Papiloma Invertido , Neoplasias Uretrais , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Papiloma Invertido/diagnóstico por imagem , Radiografia , Neoplasias Uretrais/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To perform an epidemiological, pathologic and therapeutic study of asymptomatic bacteriuria (AB) in a population of outpatient women. METHODS: Transversal study for detection of AB in 1718 outpatient women 14-year-old or older. All patients complied with the inclusion/exclusion criteria for the study. Two groups of patients, with AB (n = 113) and controls without AB (n = 200), underwent: 1) urine analysis: urine sediment, biochemical analysis, and culture; 2) blood tests: hemoglobin, red blood cell count, urea, creatinine, sedimentation rate velocity, C reactive protein, immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, and IgG), HLA-A3, blood group and Rh. The therapeutic management for AB was analyzed. Comparative statistical analyses of data were performed. RESULTS: AB prevalence was 6.34%. The most frequently isolated germ was E. coli (77.87%). Diabetes mellitus was detected in 27.43% of patients with AB and 7.01% without AB (27.43% vs. 7.01%); coronary arterial disease and other heart disorders (9.73% vs. 4%, p = 0.0206); general cardiovascular disorders excluding hypertension (46.9% vs. 31%, p = 0.0025). Urine analysis showed leukocyturia in 81.41% of the patients with AB and 17.5% without AB (p = 0.0002); positive nitrites (77.87% vs. 0%, p < 0.001); urine sediment showed bacteriuria in 86.72% of patients with AB and 0% of non-AB patients (p < 0.0001), leukocytes (93.80% vs. 6%, p < 0.0001), and pyuria (19.46% vs. 2.5%). Low water intake (50.44% vs. 9.5%, p < 0.0001) was the most significant urinary tract infection hygienic-dietetic predisposing factor. Higher levels of IgA (15% vs. 2%, p = 0.004). Positive HLA-A 3 (5% vs. 0%, p = 0.039), Rh negative (16.66% vs. 13.33%), and increased C reactive protein (15% vs. 10%). Renal abnormalities detected by radiological tests (10.29% vs. 1.47%, p = 0.014). AB disappeared after treatment with cefuroxime, ceftibuten, trimetropin/sulfametoxazole and amoxicillin in 100% of the patients receiving treatment. Topical vaginal estrogen therapy was effective in 38.09% of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of AB increases with age. The most frequent germ is Escherichia coli. A statistically significant greater number of coronary artery disease, other heart diseases, and cardiovascular disorders were found among patients with AB in comparison with non-AB controls. Immunoglobulins levels disturbances, and HLA-A3 positivity suggest an immune systemic imbalance in certain patients with recurrent AB. Other therapeutic alternatives such as vaginal topical estrogens, fruit juices intake, vaccinations, etc. should be pursued in addition to antimicrobial therapy.
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Bacteriúria , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Bacteriúria/complicações , Bacteriúria/tratamento farmacológico , Bacteriúria/epidemiologia , Bacteriúria/microbiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To report the case of a 28-year-old female patient carrying a lithiasis of soft appearance located within a calyceal diverticulum in the right kidney which presented clinically during pregnancy, and to comment on therapeutic management, as well as the outcome one year after conservative treatment. METHODS AND RESULTS: 28-year-old female patient with history of renal colic during pregnancy, who presents at our clinics in the postpartum period with a recurrent abdominal and lumbar pain. Kidney-ureter-bladder (KUB) x-ray and intravenous urography (IVP) detected a lithiasis of soft appearance within a calyceal diverticulum in the right kidney. Treatment was conservative with potassium citrate/citric acid and follow-up controls with urine culture (every 3 months) and ultrasounds (every 8 months). Currently she is asymptomatic but the lithiasis persists on KUB and urine culture is positive (Escherichia coli) and receives treatment with cefuroxime 250 mg every 12 hours for 6 days and nitrofurantoin 100 mg every night for three months. CONCLUSIONS: Most urinary stones located within calyceal diverticula have an asymptomatic course, treatment not being necessary. The most frequent clinical presentations of these stones are flank pain, urinary infection demonstrated by positive urine culture, and incidental finding. IVU is an effective method for diagnosis. ESWL is not an effective treatment for them, being percutaneous techniques the most suitable for a single-surgical procedure resolution of both lithiasis and pyelocalyceal diverticulum.