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We explore care as a site of multiplicity and tension. Working with the qualitative interview accounts of nineteen health care workers in Colombia, we trace a narrative of 'exhausting care' in the early days of the Covid-19 pandemic. Accounts relate exhausting care to working without break in response to extraordinary demand, heightened contagion concern, the pressures of caring in the face of anticipated death, and efforts to carry on caring in the face of constraint. We bring together the work of John Law (2010, 2011) on 'collateral realities' with Lauren Berlant's (2011) thesis of 'cruel optimism' to explore care as a site of practice in which the promise of the good can also become materialised as harm, given structural conditions. Through the reflexive narrative of 'carrying on' in the face of being 'worn down' by care, a narrative which runs through health care worker accounts, we draw attention to the collateral realities of exhausting care as personal and political, at once a practice of endurance and extraction. We argue that the exhausting care that relates to the extraordinariness of the Covid-19 pandemic also resides in the ordinariness, and slower violence, of the everyday. The cruel optimism of care is a relation in which the labour of care reproduces a harmful situation.

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BACKGROUND: Substantial data from high-income countries support early interventions in the form of evidence-based Coordinated Specialty Care (CSC) for people experiencing First Episode Psychosis (FEP) to ameliorate symptoms and minimize disability. Chile is unique among Latin American countries in providing universal access to FEP services through a national FEP policy that mandates the identification of FEP individuals in primary care and guarantees delivery of community-based FEP treatments within a public health care system. Nonetheless, previous research has documented that FEP services currently provided at mental health clinics do not provide evidence-based approaches. This proposal aims to address this shortfall by first adapting OnTrackNY (OTNY), a CSC program currently being implemented across the USA, into OnTrackChile (OTCH), and then examine its effectiveness and implementation in Chile. METHODS: The Dynamic Adaptation Process will be used first to inform the adaptation and implementation of OTCH to the Chilean context. Then, a Hybrid Type 1 trial design will test its effectiveness and cost and evaluate its implementation using a cluster-randomized controlled trial (RCT) (N = 300 from 21 outpatient clinics). The OTCH program will be offered in half of these outpatient clinics to individuals ages 15-35. Usual care services will continue to be offered at the other clinics. Given the current COVID-19 pandemic, most research and intervention procedures will be conducted remotely. The study will engage participants over the course of 2 years, with assessments administered at enrollment, 12 months, and 24 months. Primary outcomes include implementation (fidelity, acceptability, and uptake) and service outcomes (person-centeredness, adherence, and retention). Secondary outcomes comprise participant-level outcomes such as symptoms, functioning, and recovery orientation. Over the course of the study, interviews and focus groups with stakeholders will be conducted to better understand the implementation of OTCH. DISCUSSION: Findings from this study will help determine the feasibility, effectiveness, and cost for delivering CSC services in Chile. Lessons learned about facilitators and barriers related to the implementation of the model could help inform the approach needed for these services to be further expanded throughout Latin America. TRIAL REGISTRATION: www. CLINICALTRIALS: gov NCT04247711 . Registered 30 January 2020. TRIAL STATUS: The OTCH trial is currently recruiting participants. Recruitment started on March 1, 2021, and is expected to be completed by December 1, 2022. This is the first version of this protocol (5/12/2021).

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OBJECTIVE: This pilot randomized controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of critical time intervention-task shifting (CTI-TS) for people with psychosis in Santiago, Chile, and Rio de Janeiro. CTI-TS is a 9-month intervention involving peer support workers and is designed to maintain treatment effects up to 18 months. METHODS: A total of 110 people with psychosis were recruited when they enrolled in community mental health clinics (Santiago, N=60; Rio de Janeiro, N=50). Participants within each city were randomly assigned to either CTI-TS or usual care for 9 months. Primary outcomes were quality of life, measured with the World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment-Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF), and unmet needs, measured with the Camberwell Assessment of Need (CAN), at 18-month follow-up. Results were analyzed according to intention-to-treat guidelines. Generalized estimating equations, with observations clustered within cities, and multiple imputation for missing data were used. RESULTS: At 18 months, both groups showed improved primary outcomes. In both unadjusted and fully adjusted analyses, no significant differences between CTI-TS and usual care (WHOQOL-BREF question on quality of life and CAN mean number of unmet needs) were found. CONCLUSIONS: Three factors might explain the lack of difference between CTI-TS and usual care: first-contact enrollment precluded rapport prior to randomization, a minority of patients were uncomfortable with peers being on the treatment team, and primary outcome measures may not have been sensitive enough to capture the effects of a recovery-oriented intervention. The results have implications for the design of transitional services for people with psychosis, especially in Latin America.

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Abstract The SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant has become one of the greatest public health challenges worldwide since, after being first identified in India in December 2020, it has spread rapidly, affecting mainly countries with low vaccination rates and those that have relaxed the public health and social measures implemented to control the COVID-19 pandemic. The Delta variant has a higher replication capacity and is associated with viral loads up to 1 260 times higher than those of infections caused by the original strain, which may be associated with an increased likelihood of hospitalization, ICU admission, need for oxygen therapy, pneumonia, or even death. Fully vaccinated individuals have almost similar protection against both Delta and Alpha variants. Given the impact of Delta in countries where it is the dominant variant, it is necessary for all countries to develop systematic action plans focused on implementing strict public health and social measures in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and on increasing vaccination coverage. Bearing this in mind, the objective of this reflection paper is to describe the main characteristics of the Delta variant, its impact on the dynamics of the pandemic in some of the countries where it has been detected, the effectiveness of vaccines against this variant, and its implications for public health in Colombia.

Resumen La variante delta del SARS-CoV-2 se ha convertido en uno de los mayores desafíos en salud pública a nivel mundial, ya que, luego de su identificación en la India en diciembre de 2020, se ha extendido de manera rápida, afectando principalmente a los países con bajas tasas de vacunación, y aquellos que han flexibilizado las medidas de salud pública establecidas para controlar la pandemia por COVID-19. La variante delta tiene una mayor capacidad de replicación y se asocia con cargas virales hasta 1 260 veces más altas en comparación con las de infecciones causadas por la cepa original, lo cual puede estar asociado a mayores probabilidades de hospitalización, ingreso a UCI, necesidad de oxigenoterapia, neumonía, o incluso muerte. Las personas con vacunación completa tienen una protección casi similar contra las variantes delta y alfa. Dado el impacto de delta en los países afectados en los que es la variante dominante, es necesario que todos los países desarrollen planes de acción sistemáticos enfocados en implementar estrictas medidas de salud pública y sociales en el contexto de la pandemia por COVID-19, y aumentar la cobertura de vacunación. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, el objetivo de esta reflexión es describir las principales características de la variante delta, su impacto en la dinámica de la pandemia en algunos de los países en que ha sido detectada, la efectividad de las vacunas contra esta variante, y sus implicaciones para la salud pública en Colombia.

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On June 2, 2021, the Colombian Ministry of Health and Social Protection, through Resolution No. 777, laid down the requirements to resume all restricted economic and social activities. Similarly, said Resolution established the Municipal Epidemiological Resilience Index (IREM by its acronym in Spanish) as a tool to support decision-making regarding this economic reactivation amid the third epidemic peak of COVID-19 in the country. The purpose of this article is to perform a critical analysis of the technical aspects of the IREM and to explore the feasibility of its implementation as a support for the resumption of economic and social activities as proposed in the Resolution. The present critical analysis emphasizes on the lack of a clear definition of epidemiological resilience that is consistent with the scientific literature. Furthermore, the face and content validity of the index, as well as the construct validity of the index and of its dimensions, are called into question and, therefore, the feasibility of using it to determine said resumption.

El 2 de junio de 2021, el Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social de Colombia expidió la Resolución 777, mediante la cual se determinan las condiciones para el reinicio de todas las actividades económicas y sociales restringidas. Asimismo, en esta resolución se define el Índice de resiliencia epidemiológica municipal (IREM) como la herramienta para apoyar la toma de decisiones relacionadas con esta reactivación económica en medio del tercer pico epidémico de la COVID-19 en el país. El objetivo de este artículo es hacer un análisis crítico de los aspectos técnicos del IREM y explorar la conveniencia de su implementación como soporte del reinicio de las actividades económicas y sociales propuesto en la resolución. Dentro de este análisis crítico se destaca la falta de una clara definición de resiliencia epidemiológica que se ajuste a la literatura científica. Además, se cuestiona tanto la validez de apariencia, contenido y constructo del índice global, como la validez del constructo de sus dimensiones y, por tanto, la pertinencia de usarlo como herramienta para definir dicho reinicio.

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OBJETIVO: Evaluar el impacto del programa "¡PILAS! Mejores adultos, mejores niños" diseñado por PREVIVA (Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia), con el fin de prevenir conductas de riesgo en niños y niñas de 4 a 11 años de preescolares y escuelas primarias. En el presente artículo se presentaron algunos resultados de la línea de base y la descripción y implementación del programa. MÉTODOS: Se escogieron aleatoriamente 32 escuelas públicas de la zona urbana de Medellín. Se asignaron de manera aleatoria 16 a la intervención y 16 al Grupo Control. Se siguieron 862 niños en el Grupo Intervenido y 874 en el Grupo Control, escogidos aleatoriamente. RESULTADOS: Fue implementado y se está llevando a cabo la evaluación del programa de prevención temprana de la agresión y las conductas de riesgo para la salud en Medellín "¡PILAS! Mejores adultos, mejores niños". La prevalencia de agresión encubierta en el último año fue del 62%, agresión abierta del 34%, y la conducta oposicionista del 2%, según el reporte del cuidador. Los niños reportaron menor prevalencia que los cuidadores para la agresión encubierta y abierta (los 45 y 20%) y superiores para el trastorno oposicionista (el 23%). Se encontró asociación entre diversas formas de castigo y maltrato y las conductas agresivas y oposicionistas de los niños. CONCLUSIONES: Existen altas prevalencias de las conductas agresivas en los niños y de castigo mediante agresión y maltrato contra el niños, y estas formas de agresión se encuentran asociadas con las conductas agresivas de los niños, por los cuales se hace necesario continuar la evaluación de la intervención y extenderla a otras instituciones educativas, introducidos los cambios que sean aconsejables de acuerdo con los resultados de la evaluación.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of the "¡PILAS! Mejores adultos, mejores niños" program, which was designed by PREVIVA (Universidad de Antioquia's School of Public Health), in order to prevent risk behaviors in preschool and primary schoolchildren, aged 4 to 11 years-old. This article presented baseline results and the description and implementation of such program. METHODS: Thirty-two urban public schools in Medellin were chosen at random, and 16 of them were randomly assigned to the intervention, with the remaining 16 placed in the Control Group. There were 862 children randomly chosen in the Intervention Group and 874 ones in the Control Group. RESULTS: The "¡PILAS! Mejores adultos, mejores niños" program was evaluated by examining early prevention of aggression and risk behaviors. According to the children's guardians, in the past year, there was a 62% prevalence of disguised aggression, a 34% prevalence of open aggression, and a 2% prevalence of oppositional behavior. The children reported lower prevalence of disguised and open aggression (45 and 20%, respectively) and a higher one of oppositional behavior (23%). There was an association between various forms of punishment and mistreatment, and aggressive and oppositional behaviors in children. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high prevalence of aggressive behavior in schoolchildren and a high one of aggressive means of punishment and mistreatment of children. These aggressive actions toward children are associated with aggressive behavior in kids further necessitating the continued evaluation of the "¡PILAS!" intervention and its expansion to additional schools. Results of the evaluation should be incorporated to improve the program.

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INTRODUCTION: Previous research has demonstrated the presence of Paragonimus spp. in crabs of three municipalities located in the Medellín river basin. To design a plan for the control and prevention of paragonimosis, parasite presence must be demonstrated in the upper area of the river, and an awareness campaign of its risks must involve the participation of the educational community in focusing attention on the local aquatic resources. OBJECTIVE: The presence of Paragonimus spp. metarcercariae was established in freshwater crabs from La Miel and La Clara streams, and an awareness campaign created public awareness to management of the aquatic ecosystems for risk reduction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine crabs were collected from streams of La Miel and La Clara villages in 2007 and 2008. The crabs were indentified, sacrificed in the laboratory and examined for presence of Paragonimus spp. metacercariae. Five workshops were conducted with students of educational institutions of the two villages to improve the student perception of paragonimosis risks associated with the local streams. RESULTS: The crabs were identified as Hypolobocera bouvieri. One crab was found with Paragonimus spp. in La Miel. A mollusk, Aroapyrgus colombiensis, another host of the parasite was found in La Clara. That aquatic ecosystems are a great attraction for the local was well established. CONCLUSIONS: Foci of Paragonimus spp. flatworms are present in the upper area of Medellín river which includes Caldas. However, local school children were uninformed about the risk of paragonimosis associated with the local aquatic ecosystem. Therefore this province must be included in programs for prevention and control of paragonimosis. The prevalence of this disease recommends educational programs that promote awareness of local aquatic ecosystems and their parasitic inhabitants.

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Introducción. Estudios previos demostraron la presencia de Paragonimus sp. en cangrejos de tres municipios en la cuenca del río Medellín. Para diseñar un plan para el control y la prevención de la paragonimosis, es necesario determinar la presencia del parásito en la parte alta del río, con la participación de la comunidad educativa, para dirigir su atención hacia el recurso hídrico. Objetivo. Establecer la presencia de metacercarias de Paragonimus sp. en cangrejos de las quebradas La Miel y La Clara, y sensibilizar a la comunidad educativa hacia el manejo adecuado de sus ecosistemas acuáticos. Materiales y métodos. En 2007 y 2008 se recolectaron cangrejos de quebradas de las veredas La Miel y La Clara. En el laboratorio se relajaron y sacrificaron para buscar metacercarias de Paragonimus sp. y determinar la especie. Con estudiantes de instituciones educativas de ambas veredas, se llevaron a cabo cinco talleres lúdicos, para mejorar la percepción de su relación con sus quebradas. Resultados. Se capturaron nueve cangrejos Hypolobocera bouvieri. En La Miel se halló uno con Paragonimus sp. En La Clara se encontró, además, Aroapyrgus colombiensis, molusco huésped del parásito. Con los estudiantes se estableció que los ecosistemas acuáticos ejercen una gran atracción sobre ellos; sin embargo, desconocen los riesgos y no sostienen una relación responsable. Conclusiones. Se señala la presencia de focos de Paragonimus sp. en la parte alta del río Medellín; por lo tanto, el municipio de Caldas debe incluirse en los programas de prevención y control. La población estudiantil requiere nuevos programas educativos para mejorar la interacción con los ecosistemas acuáticos y disminuir el deterioro de su salud.

Introduction. Previous research has demonstrated the presence of Paragonimus spp. in crabs of three municipalities located in the Medellín river basin. To design a plan for the control and prevention of paragonimosis, parasite presence must be demonstrated in the upper area of the river, and an awareness campaign of its risks must involve the participation of the educational community in focusing attention on the local aquatic resources. Objective. The presence of Paragonimus spp. metarcercariae was established in freshwater crabs from La Miel and La Clara streams, and an awareness campaign created public awareness to management of the aquatic ecosystems for risk reduction. Materials and methods. Nine crabs were collected from streams of La Miel and La Clara villages in 2007 and 2008. The crabs were indentified, sacrificed in the laboratory and examined for presence of Paragonimus spp. metacercariae. Five workshops were conducted with students of educational institutions of the two villages to improve the student perception of paragonimosis risks associated with the local streams. Results. The crabs were identified as Hypolobocera bouvieri. One crab was found with Paragonimus spp. in La Miel. A mollusk, Aroapyrgus colombiensis, another host of the parasite was found in La Clara. That aquatic ecosystems are a great attraction for the local was well established. Conclusions. Foci of Paragonimus spp. flatworms are present in the upper area of Medellín river which includes Caldas. However, local school children were uninformed about the risk of paragonimosis associated with the local aquatic ecosystem. Therefore this province must be included in programs for prevention and control of paragonimosis. The prevalence of this disease recommends educational programs that promote awareness of local aquatic ecosystems and their parasitic inhabitants.

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Esta investigación busca describir tanto las competencias laborales genéricas y específicas del psicólogo javeriano de acuerdo con el área aplicativa: clínica, educativa, organizacional y social, como las competencias laborales requeridas por los empleadores de psicólogos, mediante la aplicación de la Encuesta de Competencias del Psicólogo Javeriano, tomada de Herrera, Restrepo y Uribe (2006), y una entrevista semiestructurada aplicada solo a psicólogos javerianos. Se conformó una muestra de 22 psicólogos egresados de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali y 13 informantes empleadores de psicólogos. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo por medio del paquete estadístico SPSS, para describir los ítems de la encuesta realizada. A partir de los resultados y el análisis realizado, se encontraron diferencias entre las valoraciones dadas por empleadores y psicólogos javerianos respecto a las competencias en cada área aplicativa, y se logró ratificar la especificidad de las competencias, de acuerdo al área. De igual forma, se puede afirmar que existen competencias genéricas para los profesionales en psicología, de las cuales se hallaron similitudes respecto a las percepciones de empleadores y psicólogos egresados.

This research aims to describe general and specific laboral competencies of the Javeriana University psychologists according to his performance area whether clinical, educational, organizational or social; as well as to describe the laboral competencies required by the psychologist employers through a survey named: Encuesta de Competencias del Psicólogo Javeriano (Herrera, Restrepo y Uribe, 2006), and an interview applied only to Javeriana University psychologists. The sample was formed by 22 psychologists graduated from the Javeriana University and 13 psychologists' employers. A descriptive analysis was done with the software SPSS in order to describe the survey items results. Based on the results and the analysis, it was found several differences between the employers and psychologists valuations of the competencies in each performance areas which show the specific nature of competencies according to the specific area. Also, it is possible to say that there are generic competences for psychologists from which were found similarities concerning the employers and graduated psychologists.