RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To examine whether mental health problems in childhood increase the likelihood of overweight or obesity during early adulthood among male subjects. STUDY DESIGN: In a national prospective population-based study conducted in Finland, child mental health, including depression, emotional problems, conduct problems, and hyperactivity (determined on the basis of child, parent, and teacher information), was assessed at age 8 years. Body mass index (BMI) was obtained from military examination records (n = 2209) conducted in early adulthood (age range, 18-23 years). RESULTS: Both moderate (50th-90th percentile) and high (>90th percentile) levels of conduct problems at age 8 years were prospectively associated with a young adult being obese (BMI > or = 30; odds ratio [OR], 2.0; 95% CI, 1.2-3.2; and OR, 2.9; 95% Confidence interval [CI], 1.5-5.9; respectively). Conduct problems were also prospectively associated with a young adult being overweight (25 < or = BMI < 30; OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1-1.9 for moderate levels of conduct problems, and OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.2-2.8 for high levels), after controlling for hyperactive problems and sociodemographic factors. CONCLUSIONS: Conduct problems in childhood are prospectively associated with overweight and obese in young adulthood. Future studies should address the potential for interventions to reduce obesity risk in young adulthood for boys who manifest conduct problems early in life.
Assuntos
Transtornos do Comportamento Infantil/epidemiologia , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Sobrepeso/psicologia , Adulto , Índice de Massa Corporal , Criança , Comorbidade , Depressão/epidemiologia , Feminino , Finlândia/epidemiologia , Seguimentos , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Obesidade/psicologia , Medição de RiscoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether 5-year-old children considered poor eaters differ from their peers regarding growth, intake of energy and nutrients, or meal pattern. Study design Parental evaluations of children's (n=494) eating at age 5 years were collected using questionnaires, and energy and nutrient intakes and meal pattern of the children were assessed using 4-day food records. Weight and height were measured at birth and at ages 7 and 13 months, and 2, 3, 4, and 5 years. Of the children 30.2% (149) were poor eaters according to the parents. The rest of the sample (n=345) formed the comparison group. RESULTS: Poor eaters were on average lighter and shorter at birth (P=.026 and P=.020, respectively), and at age 5 years (P<.001 for both weight and height) than the comparison children. At age 5 years the poor eaters on average received less of their daily total energy from warm meals (P=.044) and more from snacks (P=.013) than the comparison group, but the mean daily weight-adjusted intake of energy showed no difference between the groups (P=.153). CONCLUSIONS: There appears not to be reason for serious concern about growth and diet of preschool-aged children considered as poor eaters by parents.
Assuntos
Estatura , Peso Corporal , Dieta , Ingestão de Energia , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of diet, serum cholesterol concentrations, and apolipoprotein E phenotype on neurodevelopment of 5-year-old children. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, 4.4-year cohort study in 496 children. Fat-modified diet was introduced to intervention families of 7-month-old infants. Control children consumed an unrestricted diet. Nutrient intakes, serum cholesterol, and neurodevelopment were studied. The groups were combined in univariate and stepwise multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: In 13-month-old boys (girls), energy intake was 996 (938) kcal, fat intake 26.6 (26.4) percent of energy (E%), and protein intake 17.2 (17.4) E%. In 5-year-old boys (girls), the intakes were 1484 (1364) kcal, 32.1 (31.9) E%, and 15.5 (15.9) E%, respectively. The intakes of total fat and saturated fat and serum cholesterol were not associated with neurodevelopment. In boys, high intake of protein at 5 years, high intakes of protein at 4 years and cholesterol at 2 years, and high intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids at 3 years predicted favorable outcomes in the tests of speech and language skills, gross motor function and perception, and visual motor skills, respectively. Apolipoprotein E phenotype did not influence the test performance. CONCLUSIONS: Moderate restriction of dietary fat has no unfavorable effects on neurodevelopment in early childhood. However, the quality of fat and the relative intake of protein may influence neurodevelopment of the boys.