RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Blood screening for hepatitis B virus (HBV) is not universally performed for donor selection in human milk banks. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the frequency of detection of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and HBV-DNA in colostrum of HBV-infected nursing mothers before and after Holder pasteurization. STUDY DESIGN: Forty-two concentrated breast milk samples were obtained within two postnatal weeks from 24 HBsAg-positive women (4 HBeAg-positive and 20 HBeAg-negative, anti-HBe-positive) were tested for the presence of HBsAg and HBV-DNA before and after Holder pasteurization (30min at 62.5 degrees C). RESULTS: Before pasteurization, HBsAg and HBV-DNA were found in 14/24 (58%), and 20/24 (75%) first milk samples, respectively, obtained by 4 days after delivery. At least one marker was detected in 20/24 (83%) milk samples. Both markers were identified in milk of HBeAg-positive mothers, and most mothers with anti-HBe in blood had at least one HBV marker. Once detected, viral markers were frequently found in milk samples subsequently obtained from the same woman. Holder pasteurization did not affect the probability of detecting HBsAg (8/18, 44%), HBV-DNA (12/18, 67%), or at least one of them (15/18, 83%). CONCLUSIONS: Although the biological implications of these findings remain to be determined, considering that HBV is highly contagious and most recipients of banked human milk are preterm infants, these findings should be taken into account when donors are enlisted for human milk banks without serological screening.
Assuntos
DNA Viral/isolamento & purificação , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B/isolamento & purificação , Vírus da Hepatite B/isolamento & purificação , Hepatite B/diagnóstico , Leite Humano/virologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Biomarcadores , Feminino , Vírus da Hepatite B/genética , Vírus da Hepatite B/imunologia , Humanos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Este estudo é parte de um projeto mais amplo que visa resgatar aspectos significativos relacionados à evoluçäo da assistência de enfermagem nas décadas de 50 a 90. Este resgate é feito através da técnica de depoimentos orais de enfermeiros em exercício e aposentados, no contexto de um Hospital Escola de Interior Paulista. O presente estudo particulariza os resultados obtidos, referentes à decada de 50. Como resultado evidencia-se o esforço empreendido pelas enfermeiras na luta pelo reconhecimento e prestígio da profissäo; as tranformaçöes intensas e profundas relacionadas aos novos papéis da enfermeira enquanto líder da equipe e membro da equipe médica.