RESUMO
This study explores the experiences that women in urban poverty situation have about their participation in a psychosocial group intervention mediated by artistic techniques. An investigation was done using a qualitative methodology. Participants were ten women older than 21 years old who live in Santiago de Chile in poverty situation. Two group evaluations were performed during the intervention process and once it was completed, ten individual semi-structure interviews. The information was analyzed following the proposals of Grounded Theory, identifying negative experience about tiredness and sacrifice related to the circumstances they live in. It was possible, at the same time, to describe the benefits of an artistic activity including a psychosocial work over the individual well-being. The artistic creation was revealed as a way of expression, of re-viewing oneself and the environment, and relaxation. Transformation is discussed concerning self-affirmation, reparation and transference of this experience in their lives, as a preventive and protective resource to overcome their problems.
Assuntos
Arte , Pobreza/psicologia , Apoio Social , População Urbana , Adulto , Chile , Feminino , Humanos , Entrevistas como Assunto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Teoria Psicológica , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Adaptation of the Multidimensional Trauma Recovery and Resilience (MTRR) in a Chilean sample. METHOD: Participants were 80 mothers drawn from two large metropolitan areas (Santiago and Temuco). Sample participants (in a case control design) were redivided in two groups: 40 mothers identified as physical abusers with history of physical child abuse and 40 mothers identified as nonabusers with history of physical child abuse. Groups were matched on 5 sociodemographic variables. Reliability analysis, item analysis, and group comparisons on the 8 scales of the instrument were performed. RESULTS: Interrater agreement level was .79 (Kendall's W coefficient) and the internal consistency as measured by Cronbach's alpha coefficient was .75. Twenty-five items (26.3%) significantly discriminated between the groups. Group comparison tests (Wilcoxon Rank-sum Test) also indicated that six of the eight domains discriminated between the groups. CONCLUSION: In our sample, the instrument has reliable results which discriminate between the studied groups. These preliminary findings support future work toward the development of a Chilean version of this instrument.
Assuntos
Maus-Tratos Infantis/psicologia , Mães/psicologia , Psicometria/instrumentação , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Chile , Humanos , Variações Dependentes do Observador , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir y modelar las variables psicosociales que diferencian adultos con historia de maltrato físico intrafamiliar en la infancia y que maltraten a sus hijos en el presente respecto de aquellos que, teniendo la misma historia, no maltratan a sus hijos en la actualidad, es decir son resilientes a su historia de maltrato físico. El método utilizado en la investigación es un análisis secundario del estudio Instrumento para detectar potencial de maltrato físico infantil: una versión para Chile (Fondecyt 1960563). La muestra escogida estuvo constituida por 127 participantes con historia de maltrato físico, de los cuales 53 eran maltratadores y 74 no maltratadores. Se efectuó un análisis descriptivo comparativo de ambas muestras en relación a una lista de variables de riesgo, mediante la prueba de chi cuadrado y la prueba t de Student y se efectuó un modelaje con regresión logística de las variables que resultaron significativas en el análisis previo. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos en las siguientes variables: adicción del encuestado, enfermedad del encuestado, abandono de su casa en la infancia o adolescencia del encuestado, historia de maltrato físico de parte de la madre del encuestado, historia de maltrato físico de parte del padre del encuestado, abandono de la pareja durante el último año, adicción de la pareja, defecto congénito de un hijo, expectativas rígidas respecto del niño y percepción de problemas en o con los niños. Mediante la regresión logística se estableció un modelo con cuatro variables que resultaron significativas (maltrato de la madre, abandono del hogar durante la infancia, presencia de enfermedad del encuestado y adicción de la pareja) que clasificó correctamente al 75 por ciento de los participantes
Assuntos
Maus-Tratos Infantis/prevenção & controle , Maus-Tratos Infantis/psicologia , Relações Pais-FilhoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This paper describes two studies aimed at validating the Chilean version of Child Abuse Potential (CAP). The paper also discusses problems in what respects conceptualizing and detecting maltreatment within a process of research as it relates to a specific culture. METHOD: An instrument based on the Child Abuse Potential Inventory was administered to two different samples of 134 people and 280 people, respectively. Both studies are contrasted in terms of internal consistency, factor analysis, and the instrument's ability to discriminate between abusers and non-abusers. RESULTS: Both studies feature good internal consistency (.98 and .95) and a factor structure similar to that of the original instrument; however, the second study shows problems concerning correct subject classification. The contrast of both studies suggests that the instrument is suitable for discriminating between severe child physical abuse and very well-treated children. The indecision area of classification is 67%. CONCLUSION: The results of both studies highlight the need to conceptualize and operationalize child abuse within a specific cultural context. The distinction between abusers and non-abusers becomes more blurred in the less extreme cases.