RESUMO
The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes among Mexican Americans, Cubans, and Puerto Ricans in the United States and compare these estimates to data from prior surveys for U.S. non-Hispanic whites and blacks. Data for this study are from the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a multipurpose cross-sectional survey of three U.S. Hispanic populations conducted in 1982-1984. The interviewed sample of people aged 20-74 yr included 3935 Mexican Americans in the southwest, 1134 Cubans in Florida, and 1519 Puerto Ricans in the New York City area. The diabetes component consisted of interview questions on diabetes diagnosis and treatment and an oral glucose tolerance test administered to a subsample. The prevalence of diabetes was two to three times greater for Mexican Americans and Puerto Ricans than for non-Hispanic whites surveyed in 1976-1980. In Cubans, the prevalence was similar to that for non-Hispanic whites. In men and women 45-74 yr of age, the prevalence of diabetes was extremely high for both Mexican Americans (23.9%) and Puerto Ricans (26.1%) compared with Cubans (15.8%) or non-Hispanic whites (12%). The total prevalence of diabetes was not significantly different for Mexican Americans and Puerto Ricans but was significantly lower for Cubans. The relatively lower prevalence of diabetes among Cubans and the high prevalence in both Mexican Americans and Puerto Ricans may be related to socioeconomic, genetic, behavioral, or environmental factors.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Hispânico ou Latino/genética , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Cuba/etnologia , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México/etnologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Porto Rico/etnologia , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
In the 1982-84 Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the prevalence of cigarette smoking was examined among Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, and Cuban Americans in the United States. Among 20-74 years olds, the age-adjusted smoking rates for Mexican American, Puerto Rican, and Cuban American men were high--42.5, 39.8, and 41.6 percent, respectively. Quite striking among Cuban American men was the high smoking rate among 20-34 year olds (50.1 percent), the highest smoking rate in the three Hispanic groups compared. The age-adjusted smoking rates for Mexican American, Puerto Rican, and Cuban American women were much lower than those for men-23.8, 30.3, and 24.4 percent, respectively. Both Puerto Rican and Cuban American men were more likely to be heavy smokers (52.3 and 64.1 percent, respectively, smoking a pack or more a day) as compared to the Mexican Americans (33.8 percent smoking a pack or more a day). The pattern was the same for women, with Mexican American women being lighter smokers (18.8 percent smoking a pack or more a day) as compared to heavy smoking among Puerto Rican and Cuban American women (35.1 and 48.6 percent, respectively, smoking a pack or more a day). Given the health hazards of smoking, future research and intervention are required for those groups with high exposure to cigarette smoking.
Assuntos
Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Hispânico ou Latino/estatística & dados numéricos , Fumar/etnologia , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Cuba/etnologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Americanos Mexicanos/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Porto Rico/etnologia , Distribuição por Sexo , Fatores Sexuais , Fumar/epidemiologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
In the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES) of 3,928 Mexican Americans ages 20-74 years, the age-adjusted prevalence of self-reported diabetes was 6.8 percent among men and 7.6 percent among women. Comparable age-adjusted rates for the US population in a national survey were 2.9 percent in men and 3.8 percent in women. The prevalence of diabetes in Mexican Americans is greater in older age groups, was similar in men and women, and among women only was inversely associated with education.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus/etnologia , Hispânico ou Latino , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Feminino , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Masculino , México/etnologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sudoeste dos Estados UnidosRESUMO
The prevalence of Rose Questionnaire angina and its association with coronary heart disease risk factors and manifestations were investigated in representative samples of the US population. The study populations included 1,135 black and 8,323 white subjects aged 25-74 years examined in the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1976-1980, and 2,775 Mexican-American subjects aged 25-74 years examined in the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, Mexican-American portion, 1982-1983. Age-adjusted prevalence rates of Rose angina were similar among black, white, and Mexican-American women (6.8%, 6.3%, and 5.4%, respectively). An excess in the prevalence of Rose angina was observed in women compared with men for white and Mexican-American persons under age 55 years, but not for those over age 55. Electrocardiographic evidence of myocardial infarction and self-reported heart attack were strongly associated with prevalent Rose angina among white men and women aged 55 years and over, but not among those below age 55. Serum cholesterol, body mass index (weight (kg)/height (m)2), current cigarette smoking, and dyspnea were independently associated with an increased risk of prevalent angina in multivariate logistic models for white women, excluding those with a prior heart attack. Because many younger women with chest pain who may consult physicians are likely to have elevations in cardiovascular risk factors, their self-reported chest pain can be used as an opportunity to intervene and reduce their future risk of cardiovascular disease.