RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Dental implants, indicated for re-establishing both mastigatory and aesthetic functions, can be placed in the sockets immediately after tooth extraction. Most studies investigate the anterior and upper regions of the dental arch, whereas few examine longitudinal appraisal of immediate implant installation in the mandibular molar region. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the success rate of immediate dental implants placement in mandibular molars within a follow-up period as long as 8 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-four mandibular molar implants after non-traumatic tooth extraction between 2002 and 2008 were examined in the study. All implants were evaluated radiographically immediately after prosthesis placement, 1 year after implantation, and by the end of the experimental period, in 2010. Clinical evaluation was done according to [Albrektsson et al. (1986) The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants, 1, 11-25] success criteria for marginal bone loss. The mean bone losses, calculated as the difference between the final evaluation measures and those taken by the end of the first year of implant, were compared using Kruskal-Wallis test with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: All implants presented clinical and radiographic stable conditions, that is, 100% success rate. Significant bone loss was not found between final evaluation and that of the first functional year (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Immediate implant placement of mandibular molars proved to be a viable surgical treatment given the high success rate up to 8 years after implantation.
Assuntos
Implantação Dentária Endóssea/métodos , Implantes Dentários , Dente Molar/cirurgia , Extração Dentária , Alvéolo Dental/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Perda do Osso Alveolar/classificação , Aumento do Rebordo Alveolar/métodos , Substitutos Ósseos/uso terapêutico , Planejamento de Prótese Dentária , Retenção em Prótese Dentária , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Mandíbula/diagnóstico por imagem , Mandíbula/cirurgia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Radiografia Interproximal , Estudos Retrospectivos , Extração Dentária/instrumentação , Extração Dentária/métodos , Alvéolo Dental/diagnóstico por imagem , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of tongue scraping and inter-dental flossing on morning bad breath in periodontally healthy subjects. METHODS: A four-step blind, cross-over study was conducted in 19 volunteers, divided into four groups: Group I: tooth brushing; Group II: tooth brushing and inter-dental flossing; Group III: tooth brushing and tongue scraping; and Group IV: tooth brushing, inter-dental flossing and tongue scraping. The volunteers performed these oral hygiene procedures three times a day for 7 days. Seven-day wash-out intervals were observed. Morning mouth breath was assessed organoleptically and by volatile sulphur compound concentrations. RESULTS: The highest mean organoleptic and volatile sulphur compound measurement values were found in the treatment groups in which tongue scraping was not performed and there were statistical differences between the two groups (p < 0.05). In the organoleptic evaluation (p > 0.05), inter-dental flossing did not show any statistical improvement in the effect of tongue hygiene on morning bad breath, but it significantly reduced the concentration of volatile sulphur compounds (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that tongue scraping appears to be the most important hygienic procedure to reduce morning bad breath in periodontally healthy subjects.
Assuntos
Halitose/terapia , Adulto , Estudos Cross-Over , Dispositivos para o Cuidado Bucal Domiciliar , Feminino , Halitose/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Higiene Bucal/instrumentação , Método Simples-Cego , Olfato/fisiologia , Compostos de Enxofre/análise , Fatores de Tempo , Língua/patologia , Escovação DentáriaRESUMO
A flavonoids-free Brazilian propolis (type 6) showed biological effects against mutans streptococci and inhibited the activity of glucosyltransferases. This study evaluated the influence of the ethanolic extract of a novel type of propolis (EEP) and its purified hexane fraction (EEH) on mutans streptococci biofilms and the development of dental caries in rats. The chemical composition of the propolis extracts were examined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The effects of EEP and EEH on Streptococcus mutans UA159 and Streptococcus sobrinus 6715 biofilms were analysed by time-kill and glycolytic pH drop assays. Their influence on proton-translocating F-ATPase activity was also tested. In the animal study, the rats were infected with S. sobrinus 6715 and fed with cariogenic diet 2000. The rats were treated topically twice a day with each of the extracts (or control) for 5 weeks. After the experimental period, the microbial composition of their dental plaque and their caries scores were determined. The results showed that fatty acids (oleic, palmitic, linoleic and stearic) were the main compounds identified in EEP and EEH. These extracts did not show major effects on the viability of mutans streptococci biofilms. However, EEP and EEH significantly reduced acid production by the biofilms and also inhibited the activity of F-ATPase (60-65%). Furthermore, both extracts significantly reduced the incidence of smooth surface caries in vivo without displaying a reduction of the percentage of S. sobriuns in the animals' plaque (P < 0.05). However, only EEH was able to reduce the incidence and severity of sulcal surface caries (P < 0.05). The data suggest that the cariostatic properties of propolis type 6 are related to its effect on acid production and acid tolerance of cariogenic streptococci; the biological activities may be attributed to its high content of fatty acids.
Assuntos
Cariostáticos/farmacologia , Cárie Dentária/prevenção & controle , Própole/farmacologia , Streptococcus mutans/efeitos dos fármacos , Adenosina Trifosfatases/metabolismo , Animais , Aderência Bacteriana/efeitos dos fármacos , Abelhas , Biofilmes , Brasil , Cariostáticos/química , Cárie Dentária/microbiologia , Placa Dentária/microbiologia , Feminino , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Glicólise , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Própole/química , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Streptococcus mutans/enzimologiaRESUMO
Recently, two chemically different types of Brazilian propolis (type-3 and -12) were shown to have cariostatic properties. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of their isolated fractions on mutans streptococci viability, glucosyltransferases (GTFs) activity and caries development in rats. The ethanolic extracts of propolis (EEPs) were serially fractionated into hexane (H-fr), chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. The ability of the four fractions and EEP to inhibit Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus growth and adherence to a glass surface was examined. The effect on GTFs B and C activity was also determined. For the caries study, 60 Wistar rats infected with Streptococcus sobrinus were treated topically twice daily as follows: (1) EEP type-3, (2) H-fr type-3, (3) EEP type-12, (4) H-fr type-12, and (5) control. In general, the H-fr from both types of propolis showed the highest antibacterial activity and GTFs inhibition. Furthermore, the EEP and H-fr type-3 and -12 were equally effective in reducing dental caries in rats. The data suggest that the putative cariostatic compounds of propolis type-3 and -12 are mostly non-polar; and H-fr should be the fraction of choice for identifying further potentially novel anti-caries agents.
Assuntos
Cariostáticos/farmacologia , Própole/análise , Própole/farmacologia , Animais , Brasil , Cárie Dentária/microbiologia , Cárie Dentária/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Glucosiltransferases/metabolismo , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Streptococcus sobrinus/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Glucanohydrolases, especially mutanase [alpha-(1-->3) glucanase; EC 3.2.1.59] and dextranase [alpha-(1-->6) glucanase; EC 3.2.1.11], which are present in the biofilm known as dental plaque, may affect the synthesis and structure of glucans formed by glucosyltransferases (GTFs) from sucrose within dental plaque. We examined the production and the structure of glucans synthesized by GTFs B (synthesis of alpha-(1-->3)-linked glucans) or C [synthesis of alpha-(1-->6)- and alpha-(1-->3)-linked glucans] in the presence of mutanase and dextranase, alone or in combination, in solution phase and on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite beads (surface phase). The ability of Streptococcus sobrinus 6715 to adhere to the glucan, which was formed in the presence of the glucanohydrolases was also explored. The presence of mutanase and/or dextranase during the synthesis of glucans by GTF B and C altered the proportions of soluble to insoluble glucan. The presence of either dextranase or mutanase alone had a modest effect on total amount of glucan formed, especially in the surface phase; the glucanohydrolases in combination reduced the total amount of glucan. The amount of (1-->6)-linked glucan was reduced in presence of dextranase. In contrast, mutanase enhanced the formation of soluble glucan, and reduced the percentage of 3-linked glucose of GTF B and C glucans whereas dextranase was mostly without effect. Glucan formed in the presence of dextranase provided fewer binding sites for S. sobrinus; mutanase was devoid of any effect. We also noted that the GTFs bind to dextranase and mutanase. Glucanohydrolases, even in the presence of GTFs, influence glucan synthesis, linkage remodeling, and branching, which may have an impact on the formation, maturation, physical properties, and bacterial binding sites of the polysaccharide matrix in dental plaque. Our data have relevance for the formation of polysaccharide matrix of other biofilms.
Assuntos
Dextranase/química , Glucanos/química , Glucanos/síntese química , Glucosiltransferases/química , Glicosídeo Hidrolases/química , Streptococcus/enzimologia , Aderência Bacteriana/fisiologia , Durapatita/química , Propriedades de SuperfícieRESUMO
Since fluoride (F-) and aluminum (Al3+) present anticariogenic properties and F- release from ionomeric materials depends on the media used in the evaluation, this study tested the hypothesis whether release of Al3+ also depends on the testing media. The simultaneous release of F- and Al3+ was assessed over 15 days in three media: (i) distilled and deionized water (H2O), (ii) artificial saliva (AS) and (iii) solutions simulating a cariogenic challenge (pH-cycling in demineralizing and remineralizing solutions, De-Re-). Six cylindrical samples of each tested material (Ketac-Fil, Vitremer, Fuji Ortho LC and F 2000) were prepared and suspended individually in 1.0 mL of each solution. All solutions were changed daily. F- and Al3+ were determined by ion-selective electrode and atomic absorption, respectively. ANOVA showed statistical significance for the interaction of material, time, media (p < 0.05), either for F- or Al3+ release. The resin-modified glass ionomer Vitremer released the highest amount of F- and Al3+ in De-Re- solutions compared to the other materials (p < 0.05); differences among the materials in H2O and AS were statistically consistent. The data suggest that the media used to evaluate the simultaneous release of F- and Al3+ should be taken into account when the anticariogenic potential of different dental materials is assessed.