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BACKGROUND: The external branch of the Superior Laryngeal nerve (EBSLN) is at high risk of injury in surgery for large multinodular goitre (MNG) since the upper pole is high in the neck, well cephalad to the EBSLN. We present a technique of drawing the lobe caudally by retrograde thyroidectomy in order to minimize nerve injury. DESIGN & METHOD: All patients having surgery for benign MNG were included. Cases with previous thyroid surgery, malignant and toxic disease were excluded. The thyroid lobe was mobilized from its inferior aspect and capsular dissection performed cephalad with bipolar or ligasure cautery, lifting the gland off the trachea while separating it from the parathyroids and branches of the inferior thyroid vessels. The ligament of Berry is divided and the entire lobe freed, attached only by the superior pedicle which is drawn caudally well below the EBSLN prior to ligation. Patients were followed for voice change at 24 hours, 7 days and 3 months. RESULTS: Ninety-one consecutive lobectomies were done in 60 patients, 31 bilateral. Forty-four (73%) patients had voice change at 24h, 10 (11%) at 7days and 1 at 3 months. The patient with persistent voice change complained of change in tone but not volume; vocal cords were normal on indirect laryngoscopy. CONCLUSION: Retrograde thyroidectomy is recommended for large MNG where the EBSLN lies well below the upper pole; it minimizes risk to the nerve.
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Introduction. Single incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy (SILC) has become accepted as an alternative to conventional multiport cholecystectomy. However, SILC is still limited in applicability in low resource centres due to the expense associated with specialized access platforms, curved instruments, and flexible scopes. Presentation of Case. We present three cases where a modified SILC technique was used with conventional instruments and no working ports. The evolution of this technique is described. Discussion. In order to contain cost, we used conventional instruments and three transfascial ports placed in an umbilical incision, but we noted significant instrument clashes that originated at the port platforms. Therefore, we modified our technique by omitting ports for the working instruments. The technique allowed us to exchange instruments as necessary, maximized ergonomics, and prevented collisions from the bulky port platforms. Finally, the puncture left by the instrument alone did not require fascial closure at the termination of the procedure. Conclusion. The direct transfascial puncture using conventional laparoscopic instruments without working ports is a feasible option that minimizes cost and increases ergonomics.
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CONTEXT: Obstetric anal sphincter injuries occur uncommonly in Caribbean practice but are accompanied by substantial morbidity. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinicians' compliance with management guidelines at a national referral hospital in Jamaica. DESIGN: Retrospective review of the records of all consecutive obstetric patients with anal sphincter injuries between November 1, 2007, and December 30, 2012. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary end point was the completion of each of 8 tasks from existing management guidelines: 1) interdisciplinary consultation, 2) perineal examination with the patient under anesthesia, 3) injury repair in the operating room, 4) prophylactic antibiotics at induction, 5) repair by an experienced clinician, 6) repair method appropriate for injury grade, 7) slowly absorbable suture chosen for sphincter repair, and 8) rapidly absorbable suture for mucosal repair. We quantified clinician compliance with the guidelines by assigning a score of 1 for each task completed and 0 for an incomplete task. Individual task scores were summed. Clinicians were considered compliant when their overall score was above 6. RESULTS: Twenty-six women (mean age = 27 years; standard deviation = 5.78 years) had obstetric anal sphincter injuries. Nine cases (34.6%) earned clinician compliance scores above 6, and 17 (65.4%) had scores of 6 or below. Experienced clinicians repaired all the injuries in this study-the only task for which compliance was 100%. CONCLUSION: Despite attempts at improving therapeutic outcomes by creating tailored guidelines for repair of obstetric anal sphincter injuries, there is a serious barrier to success because 65% of senior clinicians were noncompliant.