RESUMO

Cats are susceptible to feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) and canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2). Therefore, coinfection and superinfection with multiple parvovirus strains may occur, resulting in high heterogeneity and recombination. Considering the importance of cats as a potential source of genetic diversity for parvoviruses, we investigated the frequency of parvovirus infection in cats using their blood and fecal samples and performed molecular characterization of parvovirus strains circulating in cat populations. Accordingly, the fecal and blood samples of 60 cats with gastroenteritis symptoms were collected from Turkey's Burdur, Isparta, and Izmit provinces. Of these 15 fecal samples tested as parvovirus-positive by PCR, 14 were confirmed to have been infected with true FPV strains by sequencing analysis. Through the phylogeny analysis, those were located in the FPV cluster, closely related to CPV-2, and one was discriminated in the CPV-2b cluster. Additionally, sequence analysis of the VP2 gene of CPV and FPV revealed that the FPV strains detected in Turkey and the vaccine strains were highly related to each other, with a nucleotide identity of 97.7- 100%. Furthermore, 13 variable positions were detected in VP2 of the field and reference FPV strains. Three synonymous mutations were determined in the VP2 gene. Some amino acid mutations in the VP2 protein-affected sites were considered responsible for the virus's biological and antigenic properties. The partial sequence analysis of the VP2 gene revealed that four FPV strains detected in Turkey have a single nucleotide change from T to G at the amino acid position 384 between the nucleotides 3939-3941, which was reported for the first time. Therefore, these four isolates formed a different branch in the phylogenetic tree. The results suggest that both FPV and CPV-2b strains are circulating in domestic cats in Turkey and cats should be considered as potential sources of new parvovirus variants for cats, dogs and other animals.

Os gatos são suscetíveis ao vírus da panleucopenia felina (FPV) e ao parvovírus canino tipo 2 (CPV-2). Portanto, coinfecção e superinfecção com múltiplas cepas de parvovírus podem ocorrer, resultando em alta heterogeneidade e recombinação. Considerando a importância dos gatos como uma fonte potencial de diversidade genética para parvovírus, investigamos a frequência da infecção por parvovírus em gatos usando suas amostras de sangue e fezes e realizamos a caracterização molecular de cepas de parvovírus circulantes nas populações de gatos. Amostras fecais e de sangue de 60 gatos com sinais de gastroenterite foram coletadas nas províncias de Burdur, Isparta e Izmit, na Turquia. Destas, 15 amostras fecais testaram positivas para parvovírus por PCR e 14 foram confirmadas como infectadas com cepas verdadeiras de FPV por análise de sequenciamento. Através da análise filogenética, aqueles foram localizados no agrupamento FPV que está intimamente relacionado com o CPV-2, e um foi discriminado no agrupamento CPV-2b. Além disso, a análise da sequência do gene VP2 de CPV e FPV revelou que as cepas de FPV detectadas na Turquia e as cepas vacinais eram altamente relacionadas entre si, com uma identidade de nucleotídeos de 97,7-100%. Além disso, 13 posições variáveis foram detectadas em VP2 das cepas de campo e FPV de referência. Três mutações sinônimas foram determinadas no gene VP2. Algumas mutações de aminoácidos nos locais afetados pela proteína VP2 foram consideradas responsáveis pelas propriedades biológicas e antigênicas do vírus. A análise da sequência parcial do gene VP2 revelou que quatro cepas de FPV detectadas na Turquia têm uma única mudança de nucleotídeo de T para G na posição do aminoácido 384 entre os nucleotídeos 3939-3941, o que foi relatado pela primeira vez. Portanto, esses quatro isolados formaram um ramo diferente na árvore filogenética. Os resultados sugerem que ambas as cepas FPV e CPV-2b estão circulando em gatos domésticos na Turquia e os gatos devem ser considerados como fontes potenciais de novas variantes de parvovírus para gatos, cães e outros animais.

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Background: Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a retrovirus. It is common infectious viruses of cattle with worldwide distribution. Milk from infected cows often contains BLV-infected cells are a common cause of infection. Eradication andcontrol of BLV is based on early diagnostic. Both serum and milk samples can be tested by ELISA and it is possible to testeither individual samples or, at a herd level, milk cooling tanks (MCT) samples. The aim of this study is to determine BLVantibodies (Abs) in the MCT, milk cans, and individual blood and milk samples of dairy cows in dairy cattle managementslocated in Burdur center and its districts and to follow and study the infection on the milk production chain.Materials, Methods & Results: Milk samples were collected from 50 main MCT. Studies were carried out in the managements that seven BLV Ab (+) and seven Ab (-) in their main MCT were located. For this purpose, milk samples werecollected from mixed milk cans that were collected from managements providing milk for main MCT. Blood and milksamples were collected from dairy cows, housed in managements where BLV Ab (+) and Ab (-) was detected. Highestand lowest percent BLV (+) management, percent BLV (+) can numbers and percent milk amount were in 1 ton and 2ton MCT, respectively. Moreover, these parameters were paralleled in all MCT. Percent BLV (+) and milk amounts werehighest in 3 ton MCT and lowest in 2 ton MCT. In addition, these parameters were paralleled in all MCT. Distributionsin BLV (+) managements ranged from 15 to 75%. It was detected at the individual animal levels, BLV (+) milk sampledistributions ranged between 7.4 and 38.4%. Age range of the BLV (+) cows was between 3 and 11 years. Individual BLVtests between milk and serum samples were correlated positively in 5 managements (71.4%). On the other hand, the correlation was not detected in 2 of the managements (28.6%) that the individual milk and serum samples were collected. BLV...

Assuntos

RESUMO

Background: Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a retrovirus. It is common infectious viruses of cattle with worldwide distribution. Milk from infected cows often contains BLV-infected cells are a common cause of infection. Eradication andcontrol of BLV is based on early diagnostic. Both serum and milk samples can be tested by ELISA and it is possible to testeither individual samples or, at a herd level, milk cooling tanks (MCT) samples. The aim of this study is to determine BLVantibodies (Abs) in the MCT, milk cans, and individual blood and milk samples of dairy cows in dairy cattle managementslocated in Burdur center and its districts and to follow and study the infection on the milk production chain.Materials, Methods & Results: Milk samples were collected from 50 main MCT. Studies were carried out in the managements that seven BLV Ab (+) and seven Ab (-) in their main MCT were located. For this purpose, milk samples werecollected from mixed milk cans that were collected from managements providing milk for main MCT. Blood and milksamples were collected from dairy cows, housed in managements where BLV Ab (+) and Ab (-) was detected. Highestand lowest percent BLV (+) management, percent BLV (+) can numbers and percent milk amount were in 1 ton and 2ton MCT, respectively. Moreover, these parameters were paralleled in all MCT. Percent BLV (+) and milk amounts werehighest in 3 ton MCT and lowest in 2 ton MCT. In addition, these parameters were paralleled in all MCT. Distributionsin BLV (+) managements ranged from 15 to 75%. It was detected at the individual animal levels, BLV (+) milk sampledistributions ranged between 7.4 and 38.4%. Age range of the BLV (+) cows was between 3 and 11 years. Individual BLVtests between milk and serum samples were correlated positively in 5 managements (71.4%). On the other hand, the correlation was not detected in 2 of the managements (28.6%) that the individual milk and serum samples were collected. BLV...(AU)

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