RESUMO
This study compared measurements of upper body aerobic fitness in elite (EC; n=7) and intermediate rock climbers (IC; n=7), and a control group (C; n=7). Subjects underwent an upper limb incremental test on hand cycle ergometer, with increments of 23 W · min(-1), until exhaustion. Ventilation (VE) data were smoothed to 10 s averages and plotted against time for the visual determination of the first (VT1) and second (VT2) ventilatory thresholds. Peak power output was not different among groups [EC=130.9 (±11.8) W; IC=122.1 (±28.4) W; C=115.4 (±15.1) W], but time to exhaustion was significantly higher in EC than IC and C. VO(2 PEAK) was significantly higher in EC [36.8 (±5.7) mL.kg(-1).min(-1)] and IC [35.5 (±5.2) mL.kg(-1).min(-1)] than C [28.8 (±5.0) mL.kg(-1).min(-1)], but there was no difference between EC and IC. VT1 was significantly higher in EC than C [EC=69.0 (±9.4) W; IC=62.4 (±13.0) W; C=52.1 (±11.8) W], but no significant difference was observed in VT2 [EC=103.5 (±18.8) W; IC=92.0 (±22.0) W; C=85.6 (±19.7) W]. These results show that elite indoor rock climbers elicit higher aerobic fitness profile than control subjects when measured with an upper body test.
Assuntos
Braço/fisiologia , Teste de Esforço , Montanhismo/fisiologia , Aptidão Física/fisiologia , Adulto , Atletas , Frequência Cardíaca , Humanos , Fadiga Muscular , Força Muscular , Consumo de Oxigênio , Ventilação Pulmonar , Adulto JovemRESUMO
This work describes the use of simultaneous multielement flame atomic absorption spectrometry for the determination of cadmium, lead, and nickel in burned and unburned Venezuelan crude oil (5 ml volumes) in controlled laboratory experiments. The simultaneous detection limits were 0.010 mug ml(-1) (Cd), 0.04 mug ml(-1) (Pb), and 0.40 mug ml(-1) (Ni) with precision's of these elements at concentrations of 10x above these detections limits, and in the crude oil, of 1-2%. Loss of elemental concentrations in the crude oil in a 3-5 ml volume when burned were 4% (Cd), 50% (Pb), and 22% (Ni). These results suggest that the form of the elements and the temperature attained in the burning crude oil effect the removal of the elements. The type of surface affected the volume of oil removed. Soil gave a 15% and a smooth surface almost 50% volume reduction.
RESUMO
A profoundly deaf female infant was found to have hypoglycemia and lactic acidemia after an episode of decreased oral intake and vomiting. Electron transport chain (ETC) enzyme studies revealed a combination defect of complexes I, III, and IV in liver but not in skeletal muscle. This case highlights the fact that defects of the ETC are clinically highly heterogeneous and should be considered with hypoglycemia and lactic acidosis in the absence of a glycogen storage disorder. Moreover, ETC defects can occur with a biochemical profile suggestive of a fatty acid oxidation disorder.
Assuntos
Acidose Láctica/etiologia , Surdez/etiologia , Hipoglicemia/etiologia , Mitocôndrias Hepáticas/enzimologia , Mitocôndrias Musculares/enzimologia , Acidose Láctica/metabolismo , Surdez/metabolismo , Transporte de Elétrons , Complexo II de Transporte de Elétrons , Complexo III da Cadeia de Transporte de Elétrons/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Hipoglicemia/metabolismo , Recém-Nascido , Complexos Multienzimáticos/metabolismo , NAD(P)H Desidrogenase (Quinona)/metabolismo , Oxirredutases/metabolismo , Succinato Desidrogenase/metabolismoRESUMO
A female neonate was seen because of shock, ketosis, and undetectable blood glucose. Initial urinary findings indicated the possibility of a defect of fatty acid beta-oxidation; subsequent studies showed that she had medium-chain acyl-coenzyme. A dehydrogenase deficiency. This case highlights the fact that the initial symptoms may occur in the first few days of life, and that the presence of ketosis does not exclude the possibility of a fatty acid oxidation defect; the profiles of urinary organic acids and acylglycines may not be characteristic at that time.
Assuntos
Ácidos Graxos Dessaturases/deficiência , Acil-CoA Desidrogenase , Glicemia/análise , Carnitina/sangue , Ácidos Graxos/urina , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Cetose/diagnóstico , Cetose/urina , Oxirredução , Fenobarbital/administração & dosagem , Fenobarbital/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
An apparent increase in the incidence of enterococcal bacteremias from 7 to 48/1000 bacteremias during 1986 to 1991 (p < 0.01) prompted this descriptive clinical and molecular epidemiologic study of 83 episodes occurring in 80 children between 1986 and 1992. Most community-acquired cases were in infants, in comparison with nosocomial episodes (24/26 and 34/57; p < 0.01); many of them were neonates (10/26 and 6/57; p < 0.01). Nosocomial cases were associated with underlying conditions including major surgery 56%, immunosuppression 49%, organ and tissue transplants 30%, and cardiac 32%, pulmonary 25%, renal 21%, and hepatic 21% disorders. Nosocomial episodes developed after a median of 32 days. There were 58 primary and 25 secondary bacteremias. Thirty-two episodes were polymicrobial and 44 organisms were involved. Twenty-six percent of the patients died. In 15%, death was preceded by septic shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and polymicrobial bacteremia (p < 0.01). Of 75 isolates, 82% were Enterococcus faecalis and 14% were Enterococcus faecium. Fourteen E. faecalis strains produced hemolysin; none produced beta-lactamase. Three had high-level resistance to gentamicin and 13 to streptomycin; two E. faecium and none of the E. faecalis strains were vancomycin resistant at a low level (p < 0.01) and one was ampicillin resistant. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of whole-cell DNA digested with restriction enzymes Sma I and Eag I showed five isolates with a homogeneous pattern, two with another homogeneous pattern, and 68 with distinct heterogeneous patterns. The increase in enterococcal bacteremias was not due to a clonal strain dissemination but to an increase in cases of heterogeneous enterococcal strains. We conclude that enterococcal septicemia is now an important cause of serious morbidity and death in critically ill children.
Assuntos
Bacteriemia/epidemiologia , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/epidemiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Enterococcus faecalis , Enterococcus faecium , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/epidemiologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Cateterismo/efeitos adversos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/patologia , Comorbidade , Infecção Hospitalar/tratamento farmacológico , Infecção Hospitalar/patologia , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Enterococcus faecalis/genética , Enterococcus faecalis/isolamento & purificação , Enterococcus faecium/genética , Enterococcus faecium/isolamento & purificação , Feminino , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/patologia , Hospitais de Ensino , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Ohio/epidemiologia , Vigilância da PopulaçãoRESUMO
A term neonate became lethargic and hypotonic at 46 hours of age and died 10 hours later despite supportive therapy. Urinary organic acids indicated medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency, and DNA studies confirmed this disorder. Neonatal symptoms in this enzyme deficiency have rarely been reported, and recent reviews have ignored or discounted this presentation.
Assuntos
DNA/genética , Ácidos Graxos Dessaturases/deficiência , Erros Inatos do Metabolismo Lipídico/metabolismo , Acil-CoA Desidrogenase , Ácidos Graxos Dessaturases/análise , Ácidos Graxos Dessaturases/genética , Ácidos Graxos/urina , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Erros Inatos do Metabolismo Lipídico/genética , Erros Inatos do Metabolismo Lipídico/patologia , Masculino , Mutação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Espectrometria de Massas de Bombardeamento Rápido de ÁtomosRESUMO
Since 1966, teams of new graduates from the Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies have organised eight veterinary research expeditions to Africa, tropical America and the Seychelles. The expeditions are now a regular feature of the school's activities. It is now possible to look back, learn and advise on future expeditions regarding timing, research and funding.
Assuntos
Educação em Veterinária , Medicina Veterinária , Animais , Belize , Botsuana , Colômbia , Essuatíni , Quênia , Pesquisa , Apoio à Pesquisa como Assunto , Escócia , Seicheles , UgandaRESUMO
A 12-year-old boy with recurrent skin ulceration, chronic generalized lymphedema, and mild mental retardation was found to excrete massive amounts of dipeptides, most (but not all) of which had proline or hydroxyproline as the carboxyl terminal residue. Glycylproline predominated. Prolidase deficiency was demonstrated in red blood cells and in fibroblastic cells. Prolidase activity was present in continuous lymphoid cell cultures at the same low level observed in control cells.