RESUMO
PURPOSE: There is growing evidence of an association between physical activity and a reduced risk of cancer and cancer recurrence. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of exercise-conditioned human serum (HS) effects on the proliferative and tumorigenic potential of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and prostate cancer (PC) cells. Moreover, modulated mechanisms and several physiological factors that can predict exercise effects were investigated. METHODS: Thirty healthy sedentary subjects were recruited for the study. The subjects performed two high-intensity endurance cycling (HIEC) sessions before and after a nine-week period of high-intensity interval training (HIIT). Cell tumorigenic capacity affected by HS collected before (t0), immediately after (t1), 4 h (t2), and 24 h (t3) after the HIEC sessions was evaluated by in vitro three-dimensional colony formation. The modulation of molecular pathways was analyzed by western blotting and qPCR in TNBC and PC cells, and in TNBC xenografts in exercised mice. RESULTS: All of the HIEC-conditioned HS (t1, t2, and t3) markedly impacted the proliferative and the microtumor-forming capacity of both TNBC and PC cell lines, while the HS collected from the subjects at rest did not. Modulation of the Hippo and Wnt/ß-catenin pathways by HIEC-conditioned HS before and after the period of HIIT was shown. Multiple linear regression analysis showed relationships between the effects of HIEC-conditioned HS in PC cells, lactate threshold and VO2max. CONCLUSIONS: These results highlight the potential of HIEC bouts in tumor progression control and the importance of optimizing an approach to identify physiological predictors of the effects of acute exercise in tertiary cancer prevention.
Assuntos
Ciclismo/fisiologia , Proliferação de Células/fisiologia , Treinamento Intervalado de Alta Intensidade , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/patologia , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Meios de Cultivo Condicionados , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Glicogênio Sintase Quinase 3 beta/metabolismo , Via de Sinalização Hippo , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Proteína Quinase 1 Ativada por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Proteína Quinase 3 Ativada por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Fosforilação , Neoplasias da Próstata/prevenção & controle , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/metabolismo , Distribuição Aleatória , Análise de Regressão , Comportamento Sedentário , Prevenção Terciária , Fatores de Tempo , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/prevenção & controle , Ensaio Tumoral de Célula-Tronco/métodos , Via de Sinalização Wnt , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The number of breast cancer survivors increases every year, thanks to the development of new treatments and screening techniques. However, patients present with numerous side effects that may affect their quality of life. Exercise has been demonstrated to reduce some of these side effects, but in spite of this, few breast cancer patients know and follow the exercise recommendations needed to remain healthy. In this review, we describe the different breast cancer treatments and the related side effects and implications of exercise in relation to these. We propose that exercise could be an integrative complementary intervention to improve physiological, physical and psychological factors that affect survival and quality of life of these patients. For that reason, the main objective of this review is to provide a general overview of exercise benefits in breast cancer patients and recommendations of how to design exercise interventions in patients with different side effects.