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Objetivo: Estudiar el efecto del manejo multidisciplinario (MMD) de úlcera de PD (UPD) en un Hospital de Chile durante el período 2017-2020. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio comparativo, observacional y retrospectivo, se analizó una base de datos disociada compuesta por 111 pacientes atendidos en el periodo 2017-2020 y se comparó con los datos de 121 pacientes con UPD atendidos en el mismo Hospital sin MMD en periodo 1998-2005. Para los estudios analíticos se usó prueba de Chi cuadrado, prueba exacta de Fisher, U de Mann Whitney y Kruskal Wallis. Resultados: La tasa de reamputaciones mayores con MMD fue de un 2,7%, el 91,2% de los pacientes atendidos con MMD lograron mejorar la condición clínica de la herida, sin embargo, en pandemia por SARCOV-2 la mejoría se redujo a un 78,2%. La tasa de cicatrización completa de la herida con MMD fue de 77,8% v/s 31,4% sin MMD (p < 0,0001) y la tasa de reamputación general sin MMD fue de 47,1% v/s 12,6% con MMD (< 0,0001). La recidiva fue de un 11,7% con MMD v/s 100% a los cuatro años sin MMD (p < 0,0001). Discusión y Conclusión: Observamos que el MMD de la UPD logra mejores tasas de efectividad de la intervención que pacientes sin MMD, mostrándose mejores tasas de cicatrización de la herida, tasa de reamputación mayor, y tasa de recidiva. Por lo tanto, un MMD podría contribuir, significativamente, al rescate de la extremidad afectada.

Objective: To assess the effect of a multidisciplinary approach on patients with diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) in a Hospital in Chile from 2017 to 2020. Material and Method: The study is observational, comparative, and retrospective. The data from 111 patients were analyzed anonymously during 2017-2020. It was compared with old data from a group of121 patients treated in the same hospital but without a multidisciplinary approach. To gather the data the Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, the U of Mann Whitney, and the Kruskal Wallis were used. Results: It was found that the rate of major re-amputations in patients undergoing treatment with a multidisciplinary approach was 2.7%. Furthermore, 91.2% of patients treated with a multidisciplinary approach improved the clinical condition of the wound. However, During the SARCOV-2 pandemic, the improvement rate was reduced to 78.2%. The complete wound healing rate was 77.8% in patients treated with a multidisciplinary approach versus 31.4% without a multidisciplinary approach (p < 0.0001). The overall re-amputation rate on patients without a multidisciplinary approach was 47.1% versus 12.6% on patients with a multidisciplinary approach (< 0.0001). The recurrence rate was 11.7% in patients with a multidisciplinary approach versus 100% in patients without a multidisciplinary approach (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: We observed finally, we observed that a multidisciplinary approach helped the DFU patients to achieve better intervention effectiveness rates, showing better rates of wound healing, higher re-amputation rate, and recurrence rate. Therefore, a multidisciplinary approach could contribute significantly to the improvement of the affected limb.

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Osteoarthrosis of the knee is one of the most important causes of disability around the world, being total knee arthroplasty (TKA) a cost-effective surgical procedure for treating its severe stage when all knee compartments are compromised. Despite the good functional results and good survival of the implants and of the patients, still, 15 to 20% of the patients are dissatisfied after surgery. One of the causes of dissatisfaction is persistent pain located in the anterior part of the knee, which leads to controversy over whether to perform the patellar replacement. Advantages and complications are described in both scenarios, and neither is superior to the other in pain and implant survival. In the case of TKA without patellar replacement, the position of the femoral component plays a crucial role in achieving normal patellar tracking. The current challenge is to determine those clinical and radiological variables that allow us to predict the absence of long-term anterior pain in patients who require TKA and who do not undergo patellar replacement. (AU)

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BACKGROUND: The del22q11 syndrome patients present immunological abnormalities associated to thymus alterations. Up to 75% of them present cardiopathies and thymus is frequently removed during surgery. The thymectomy per se has a deleterious effect concerning lymphocyte subpopulations, and T cell function. When compared to healthy controls, these patients have higher infections propensity of variable severity. The factors behind these variations are unknown. We compared immunological profiles of del22q11.2 Syndrome patients with and without thymectomy to establish its effect in the immune profile. METHODS: Forty-six del22q11.2 syndrome patients from 1 to 16 years old, 19 of them with partial or total thymectomy were included. Heart disease type, heart surgery, infections events and thymus resection were identified. Immunoglobulin levels, flow cytometry for lymphocytes subpopulations and TREC levels were determined, and statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS: The thymectomy group had a lower lymphocyte index, both regarding total cell count and when comparing age-adjusted Z scores. Also, CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ lower levels were observed in this group, the lowest count in those patients who had undergone thymus resection during the first year of life. Their TREC level median was 23.6/µL vs 16.1µL in the non-thymus group (p=0.22). No differences were identified regarding immunoglobulin levels or infection events frequencies over the previous year. CONCLUSION: Patients with del22q11.2 syndrome subjected to thymus resection present lower lymphocyte and TREC indexes when compared to patients without thymectomy. This situation may be influenced by the age at the surgery and the time elapsed since the procedure.

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RESUMEN El fibroadenoma vulvar es un tumor benigno poco frecuente con muy pocos casos descritos en la literatura. Por lo general, se diagnostica entre los 20 y 70 años. Tiene un buen pronóstico y rara vez recurre después de la escisión. Presentamos un caso de fibroadenoma vulvar, en una mujer de 33 años, manifestado como un tumor localizado, bien definido de partes blandas en el labio mayor izquierdo. La lesión fue extirpada completamente y la histología confirmó un fibroadenoma con marcador de estrógeno positivo.

ABSTRACT Vulvar fibroadenoma is a rare benign tumor with few cases reported in the literature. It usually occurs between 20 and 70 years of age. It has a good prognosis and rarely recurs following excision. We present a case of vulvar fibroadenoma as a localized, well-defined soft tissue mass in the left labium majus of a 33-year-old woman. The mass was excised completely, and histology demonstrated a fibroadenoma positive for estrogen receptor.

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RESUMEN Existen pocos estudios que describan las complicaciones neuromusculares del hipertiroidismo. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 36 años con antecedente de enfermedad de Graves en manejo médico, quien presentó compromiso motor y sensitivo progresivo en extremidades inferiores hasta comprometer la marcha. La electromiografía fue compatible con polineuropatía desmielinizante aguda, la resonancia nuclear magnética sugirió síndrome de Guillain-Barré. Se proporcionó manejo con plasmaféresis y se ajustó tratamiento tiroideo presentando mejoría transitoria. Posteriormente presentó deterioro neurológico con debilidad ascendente y compromiso deglutorio; a pesar de inicio de ciclo de inmunoglobulina persistió empeoramiento clínico con requerimiento de soporte ventilatorio; se decidió realizar tiroidectomía, que resultó en mejoría clínica y resolución del cuadro.

ABSTRACT There are few studies that describe the neuromuscular complications of hyperthyroidism. We present the case of a 36-year-old woman with a history of Graves' disease in medical management, who presented motor and sensitive involvement in the lower limbs until compromising gait. Electromyography was compatible with acute demyelinating polyneuropathy, nuclear magnetic resonance suggested Guillain-Barré syndrome. Management with plasmapheresis was indicated, and thyroid therapy was adjusted with transient improvement. Subsequently, she presented neurological deterioration with ascending weakness and swallowing compromise; despite an immunoglobulin cycle regimen, clinical worsening persisted with the requirement of ventilatory support; thyroidectomy was performed resulting in clinical improvement and resolution of the condition.

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El cáncer de cuello uterino es la neoplasia más frecuente del tracto genital femenino, que en su forma avanzada puede invadir localmente a tejido paracervical, vagina, vejiga y recto. Se presenta un caso, muy poco frecuente, de carcinoma cervical con extensión endometrial como neoplasia in situ, en una paciente de 76 años y que se manifestó clínicamente como piometra.

Cervical cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the female genital tract, which in its advanced stage can invade locally paracervical tissue, vagina, bladder and rectum. A case extremely rarely is reported of cervical carcinoma with in situ carcinoma involving to endometrium in a patient of 76 years old and clinically manifested as pyometra.

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Este documento sistematiza la experiencia desarrollada por el equipo docente de la escuela de Terapia Ocupacional, los estudiantes y los equipos de salud mental del Servicio de Salud Talcahuano, en los cuales se han instalado Terapeutas Ocupacionales para desarrollar funciones docentes asistenciales, en el marco de un convenio Marco entre ambas instituciones. Desde una epistemología socioconstruccionista, se presentan los fundamentos de una Terapia Ocupacional Social, al mismo tiempo, se describe una metodología de trabajo, basada en un instrumento para la intervención social, denominado Diagnóstico situacional. En este caso aplicado al campo de la salud mental, desde la Terapia Ocupacional (TO) Social. La experiencia otorga una visión compleja sobre los desafíos que se presentan en el ejercicio de la Terapia Ocupacional Social, rescatando los elementos éticos-políticos de esta perspectiva y su materialización, en consideración a los diversos actores e intereses involucrados en la construcción y configuración de los problemas que los sujetos de intervención, equipos de trabajo y estudiantes deben enfrentar. Se concluye con algunos de los principales logros y metas alcanzados con esta propuesta, destacando la posibilidad de encontrar espacios de transformación social, cuando se articulan adecuadamente las miradas de los actores...

This document systematizes the experience developed by the faculty of the School of Occupational Therapy, students and mental health teams Talcahuano Health Service, in which are installed care Occupational Therapists to develop teaching duties as part of a Framework agreement between the two institutions. From a social constructionist epistemology, the foundations of Occupational Therapy Social occur at the same time, a methodology, based on an instrument for social intervention, called Situational diagnosis is described. In this case applied to the field of mental health, since the Occupational Therapy (OT) Social. The experience gives a complex insight into the challenges that arise in the exercise of Social Occupational Therapy, rescuing this ethical-political perspective and its realization, considering the various actors and interests involved in the construction and configuration of the elements problems that subjects intervention teams and students must face. It concludes with some major accomplishments and goals achieved with this proposal, noting the possibility of finding spaces for social transformation, when the eyes of the actors adequately articulated...

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Background: The Diabetes Mellitus 2 treatment adherence scale version III (EATDM-III) was devised in Costa Rica. Its seven factors are family support, community organization and support, physical exercise, medical control, hygiene and self-care and assessment of physical condition. Aim: To assess the psychometric properties of the scale in Chilean patients. Material and Methods: The results of the EATDM-III scale, applied to 274 patients with Diabetes Mellitus 2 aged 59 ± 11 years (59% women), were analyzed. Reliability, item, exploratory and confirmatory factorial analyses were carried out both in the initial and the proposed model. Results: We propose a version of 30 items grouped in six dimensions, improving the fit indices obtained with the original scale. The review of item factor loadings shows that all are appropriate both in magnitude and statistical significance, with values between 0.46 and 0.93. Internal consistency measured by Cronbach s alpha, was 0.85 for the total scale. Conclusions: The adapted EATDM-III scale is reliable and can be used to assess treatment adherence in Chilean patients.

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Aim: Case report of association between diastematomyelia and medulloepithelioma. Method: 14-year-old patient with lower back pain and recent neurological deficit in extremities. CT and MRI scans of the thoracolumbar spine revealed a diastematomyelia. Intraoperative examination confirmed the presence of a spinal dysraphism and associated tumor, which was almost completely resected. Result: Histopathological and immunohistochemical findings were consistent with medulloepithelioma. Her postoperative course was uneventful. Conclusion: Diastematomyelia may manifest during adolescence as lower back pain and neurological deficit. The association of this malformation with a neoplasia is extremely rare; the present case describes concomitance with medulloepithelioma.

Reporte de un caso de asociación de diastematomielia y meduloepitelioma. Método: Paciente de 14 años con dolor lumbar y déficit neurológico en extremidades de reciente instalación. En TAC y RNM de columna dorsolumbar se pesquisa una diastematomielia. La exploración intraoperatoria, comprueba la presencia de una disrafia espinal y un tumor asociado al defecto, que se reseca casi en su totalidad. Resultado: Los hallazgos histopatológicos e inmunohistoquímicos son concordante con meduloepitelioma. La paciente tuvo un postoperatorio satisfactorio. Conclusión: La diastematomielia se puede manifestar durante la adolescencia como dolor lumbar y déficit neurológico. La asociación de esta malformación, con una neoplasia es muy poco frecuente, el presente caso describe la concomitancia con un meduloepitelioma.

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Mujer de 36 anos ˜que ingresa en el servicio de urgencias por paresia en miembros inferiores,asociada a diarrea y dolor abdominal en los 10 días previos. Al examen neurológico seencuentra fuerza proximal 4/5 y distal 3/5 en todos los grupos musculares, con hiporreflexiaen miembro inferior izquierdo. La electromiografía reporta neuropatía motora desmielinizante,de predominio en miembros inferiores, confirmando la sospecha diagnóstica deGuillain Barré. Durante la hospitalización la paciente presenta niveles suprimidos de TSH,T4 libre elevada con un incremento de la captación tiroidea con Tc-99m pertecnetato, diagnosticandouna enfermedad de Graves asociada. Ambas enfermedades son causadas porautoinmunidad, por lo que la plasmaferésis se usó, siendo buena la respuesta en el controlde los síntomas neurológicos por Guillain Barré. Pero sin ningún control bioquímico tiroideo,cuestionando el rol de la plasmaféresis en el tratamiento de la enfermedad tiroideaautoinmune...

A 36 year old woman was seen in the emergency service due to paresis in the lower limbs,combined with diarrhea and abdominal pain in the previous ten days. The neurologicalexamination showed proximal strength 4/5 and distal strength 3/5 in all the musculargroups, with hyporeflexia in the lower left limb. The electromyography showed demyelinatingmotor neuropathy with predominance in the lower limbs, confirming Guillain-Barré...

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Introducción: Para el sistema endocrino la neoplasia más frecuente es el cáncer diferenciado de tiroides, con un claro incremento en su incidencia. Es importante encontrar asociaciones que posteriormente permitan establecer factores de riesgo y/o protectores claves en la estrategia terapéutica futura. Por lo que se investigó la relación entre la presencia de tiroiditis linfocítica con la gravedad y persistencia/recurrencia del carcinoma diferenciado de tiroides Materiales y métodos: se hizo un estudio comparativo a través de una serie de casos de carcinoma diferenciado de tiroides llevados a cirugía entre enero de 1997 y diciembre de 2012 en una clínica especializada de nivel IV ubicada en Bogotá, Colombia. Se evaluó la asociación entre la presencia de factores clínico-patológicos y la presencia de persistencia/recurrencia usando pruebas de asociación chi cuadrado y odds ratios. Para evaluar la presencia de asociación a nivel multivariado se utilizaron modelos de regresión binaria con enlace log log complementario. Resultados: no se observó asociación estadística entre presencia de tiroiditis linfocítica y la presencia de variables de severidad clínico-patológica. Sin embargo, fue posible evidenciar asociación entre tiroiditis linfocítica con persistencia/recurrencia en presencia invasión vascular (OR 6,6 IC95% 1,4-32), invasión linfática (OR 5,4 IC95% 1,3-22,1) y compromiso ganglionar en el vaciamiento lateral (OR 58 IC95% 7,1-476) independiente de la edad y el sexo. Conclusión: Es posible que la tiroiditis linfocítica no se relacione con la presencia de marcadores de severidad clínico-patológica pero sí con una mayor persistencia/recurrencia de la enfermedad. Rev Argent Endocrinol Metab 51:169-177, 2014 Los autores declaran no poseer conflictos de interés.

Introduction: Differentiated thyroid cancer is the most common malignancy and it shows an increased incidence. It is important to find associations that may allow for identification of key risk and/or protective factors for the development of future therapeutic strategies. Thus, we investigated the relationship between the presence of lymphocytic thyroiditis with severity and persistence / recurrence. Materials and methods: We conducted a comparative study using data from patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma who had undergone total or partial thyroidectomy between January 1997 and December 2012 at a Level IV specialized institution located in Bogotá, Colombia. We evaluated the association between the presence of clinical and pathological factors and the presence of persistence/recurrence using chi-square tests and OR. For multivariate analysis a binary regression model with complementary log-log link was used. Results: No statistically significant relationship was observed between lymphocytic thyroiditis and the presence of clinical-pathological severity factors. However, lymphocytic thyroiditis was associated with persistence / recurrence in the presence of vascular invasion (OR 6.6 95 % CI 1.4-32), lymphatic invasion (OR 5.4 95 % CI 1.3-22.1) and positive lateral neck nodes (OR 58 95 % CI 7.1-476), independently of gender and age. Conclusion: Lymphocytic thyroiditis may not be associated with the presence of markers of clinical-pathological factors but it is effectively associated with a higher persistence/recurrence of disease. Argent Endocrinol Metab 51:169-177, 2014 No financial conflicts of interest exist.

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Las calcificaciones cerebrales agrupan diversas entidades patológicas que frecuentemente han sido referidas como enfermedad de Fahr. Estas tienen una presentación clínica variada, desde el curso subclínico hasta manifestaciones motoras convulsivas e inclusive demenciales. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 46 años con una crisis epiléptica convulsiva generalizada, asociada a calcificaciones difusas por hipoparatiroidismo postquirúrgico, en quien se inicia reposición de calcio, logrando resolución del cuadro convulsivo. Este reporte destaca el abordaje fisiopatológico de las calcificaciones cerebrales por hipoparatiroidismo, la importancia de una definición más general de cómo sería el síndrome de calcificación cerebral teniendo en cuenta las diferentes entidades patológicas conocidas asociadas con diferente espectro clínico y, por último, pone en evidencia la carencia de investigaciones sobre el tema.

Brain calcifications group diverse pathological entities that have often been referred to as Fahr disease. These have a clinical presentation which varies from subclinical course to several motor manifestations and dementia. We report the case of a 46 year old woman with generalized seizures associated with diffuse calcifications on postoperative hypoparathyroidism in whom calcium supplementation starts achieving resolution of the symptoms. This report highlights the pathophysiological approach by hypoparathyroidism brain calcifications, the importance of a general definition as in the brain calcification syndrome considering different known disease entities associated with different clinical spectrum and, finally, demonstrates the lack of research on the subject.

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OBJECTIVE: To identify impairment of executive functions (EF) in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A case-control study was performed on a sample of schoolchildren with low socioeconomic levels in Bogota, Colombia. ADHD was diagnosed using the DSM IV checklist and the Behavior Assessment System for Children scale. Children with cognitive deficits were excluded. We evaluated scores from six measurements of executive function (EF). We conducted a bivariate statistical analysis to compare the variables, a multivariate study controlled by sex and age, and a logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The study sample included 119 children with ADHD and 85 controls, all aged between 6 and 12 years. Controlling by sex, age, and type of school showed that EF measurements in children with ADHD were significantly more impaired than in controls, especially for measurements of verbal and graphic fluency, Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure, and cognitive flexibility. Comparison of ADHD subgroups showed that results in children with multiple deficits were similar to those in the global ADHD group. Graphic fluency impairment was the sole impairment in cases with only attention deficit or only hyperactivity-impulsivity manifestations. CONCLUSIONS: EF measures in children with ADHD revealed more problems, particularly those having to do within planning, inhibition, working memory and cognitive control. Age and sex may affect the degree of EF impairment.

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Objective: to evaluate a barium study of the upper gastrointestinal tract in early postoperative monitoring of bariatric surgery patients, recording the anatomical characteristics of the gastric remnant and the frequency of complications such as leakage of contrast and emptying difficulties. Materials and Methods: we retrospectively evaluated the barium study of the upper gastrointestinal tract performed in 168 patients after gastric bypass (GBP) and 98 patients after vertical subtotal gastrectomy (VSG). All evaluated examinations were performed in the first five days after surgery. Gastric remnant volume was registered in relation to the T12 vertebral body (only in GBP), the presence and site of contrast leakage and gastric remnant emptying difficulties. Results: the average age of patients undergoing GBP was 43 years, and 37 years for VSG. The average volume of gastric remnant of patients with GBP was 1.5 T12 vertebral bodies. Two GBP operated patients (1.2 percent) had leakage of the contrast medium at the level of the gastroenteric anastomosis; in VSG operated patients the contrast leakage occurred in 7 cases (7.1 percent), the most frequent site being the left side cephalic portion of the gastric remnant. All cases with contrast leakage were subsequently studied using computed tomography, finding the presence of wound dehiscence or fluid collections adjacent to the gastric remnant. Emptying difficulty was observed in 12 patients operated for GBP (7.1 percent); there was no record of this complication in patients undergoing VSG. Conclusion: the upper gastrointestinal barium study is useful in patients after bariatric surgery to assess the early postoperative anatomy and volume of the gastric remnant, as well as to detect possible complications. It is a simple test, which should be applied as a routine control in these patients.

Objetivo: evaluar el estudio baritado del tubo digestivo alto en el control postoperatorio precoz de pacientes operados de cirugía bariátrica, registrando las características anatómicas del remanente gástrico y la frecuencia de complicaciones como filtración del medio de contraste y dificultad al vaciamiento. Materiales y método: se evaluó retrospectivamente el estudio baritado del tubo digestivo alto realizado en 168 pacientes postoperados de bypass gástrico (BPG) y 98 pacientes postoperados de gastrectomía subtotal vertical (GSV). Todos los exámenes evaluados fueron realizados en los primeros cinco días postcirugía. Se registró volumen del remanente gástrico en relación al cuerpo vertebral T12 (sólo en BPG), presencia y sitio de filtración del medio de contraste y dificultad al vaciamiento del remanente gástrico. Resultados. La edad promedio de los pacientes sometidos a BPG fue de 43 años y GSV 37 años. El volumen promedio del remanente gástrico de los pacientes con BPG fue 1,5 cuerpos vertebrales T12. Dos pacientes operados de BPG (1,2 por ciento) presentaron filtración de medio de contraste a nivel de la anastomosis gastro-enteral; en los pacientes operados de GSV la filtración del medio de contraste ocurrió en 7 casos (7,1 por ciento), siendo el sitio más frecuente la porción cefálica lateral izquierda del remanente gástrico. Todos los casos de filtración de medio de contraste fueron posteriormente estudiados con tomografía computada, comprobándose la presencia de dehiscencia de la sutura o bien colecciones líquidas adyacentes al remanente gástrico. Se observó dificultad al vaciamiento en 12 pacientes operados de BPG (7,1 por ciento); no se registró esta complicación en los pacientes operados de GSV. Conclusión: el estudio baritado del tubo digestivo alto es útil en pacientes postoperados de cirugía bariátrica para conocer la anatomía y el volumen del remanente gástrico en el postoperatorio precoz, así como también para detectar posibles complicaciones...

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Male accessory sexual glands arising in ovarian cystic teratoma are exceedingly rare. We report a 56-year-old female subjected to an ovariohysterectomy due to a left ovarian mass. The pathological study of the surgical piece revealed a tumor composed of different mature tissue elements and well defined nodules of benign prostatic tissue.

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Objetivo: Entre las moléculas orgánicas que componen la saliva se han descrito un gran número de proteínas. No existe evidencia suficiente que permita especular sobre los cambios en el contenido proteico salival asociados al envejecimiento normal. El objetivo fue determinar si existen diferencias en la concentración total de proteínas en saliva de adultos y adultos mayores. Método: Se obtuvieron muestras de saliva estimulada y no estimulada de individuos pertenecientes a dos grupos etarios, adultos (A) (n=30) (edad promedio: 25 años) y adultos mayores (AM) (n=30) (edad promedio: 68 años). Se excluyeron aquellos sujetos que presentaron alguna patología oral/sistémica o consumo de fármacos/sustancias relacionados con alteraciones del flujo o composición salival. Cada muestra fue centrifugada. A 10 ul del sobrenadante se agregaron 190 ul de solución de Bradford. Se realizó el recuento mediante lectura con espectrofotómetro (595 nm). La concentración de proteínas fue comparada entre los grupos en estudio utilizando la prueba t de Student (p<0.05). Resultados: La concentración de proteínas totales de saliva no estimulada fue mayor en AM (5.5+/-2.6 ug/ul) que en A (3.2+/-1.7 ug/ul) (p<0.05). La concentración de proteínas totales de saliva estimulada fue mayor en AM (4.9+/-0.4 ug/ul) que en A (4.0+/-0.3 ug/ul) (p<0.05). Conclusión: La concentración de proteínas en saliva aumenta en adultos mayores. Se requieren nuevos estudios para caracterizar estos cambios salivales con la edad.

Objective: A high number of proteins has been described in saliva. Scarce evidence allows to speculate about the variations on protein content associated with aging. The aim was to determine if there is a difference in total protein concentration between adults and older adults. Methods: Samples were collected from unstimulated and stimulated saliva of individuals from two age groups, adults (A) (n=30) (mean age 25 years) and older adults (OA) (n=30)(mean age: 68 years). Subjects with oral/systemic diseases or consuming medications that alter salivary flow were excluded from the study. Each sample was centrifuged and 10 ul of the supernatant was added to 190 ul of Bradford solution. Protein concentration was obtained by spectrophotometry (595 nm) Protein concentration was compared between the groups using student’s t test (p<0.05). Results: Total protein concentration from unstimulated saliva was higher in OA (5.5+/-2.6 ug/ul) than in A (3.2 +/- 1.7 ug/ul) (p<0.05). Total protein concentration of stimulated saliva was higher in OA (4.9+/-0.4 ug/ul) than in A (4.0+/-0.3 ug/ul) (p<0.05). Conclusion: Salivary protein concentration increases in older adults. Further studies are suggested to characterize these changes.

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Velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS) is due to a microdeletion on chromosome region 22q11.2. Clinically, it is characterized by congenital anomalies and psychiatric and cognitive manifestations. The most common structural defects are congenital heart disease and palatal anomalies, both due to abnormal development of the pharyngeal pouches. Another less studied manifestation is abdominal wall hernias. Objective: To characterize the frequency and types of hernias in patients with VCFS, and their association with congenital cardiopathies and palatine abnormalities. Patients and Methods: 202 patients were evaluated by direct clinical examination and questionnaire about their phenotypic characteristics. Results were compared to those found in the literature. Results: Age range was 0.5 to 48.4 years old (mean 11.9 years), 50.4 percent were females. Twenty two percent of patients had abdominal wall hernias. Of these, 49.1 percent were inguinal and 40.3 percent, umbilical. Conclusion: Patients with VCFS have a higher incidence of abdominal hernias than general population, described as approximately 5 percent. This is another common manifestation of the syndrome, not attributable to defects in development of pharyngeal pouches and with unknown pathogenesis.

El síndrome velocardiofacial (SVCF) se debe a una microdeleción en la región cromosómica 22q11.2. Clínicamente, se caracteriza por anomalías congénitas y manifestaciones siquiátricas y cognitivas. Entre las malformaciones más comunes, están las cardiopatías congénitas y anomalías palatinas, por defectos en el desarrollo de las bolsas faríngeas. Otra manifestación menos estudiada son las hernias de la pared abdominal. Objetivo: Caracterizar la frecuencia y tipos de hernias en pacientes con SVCF y su asociación con cardiopatías congénitas y anomalías del paladar. Pacientes y Método: Evaluamos 202 pacientes mediante un examen clínico directo y un cuestionario sobre sus características fenotípicas. Comparamos los resultados con la información de la literatura. Resultados: El rango de edad fue de 0,5 a 48,4 años (media de 11,9 años), 50,4 por ciento de sexo femenino. El 22 por ciento de los pacientes presentó hernias de la pared abdominal. De estas, el 49,1 por ciento fueron inguinales y el 40,3 por ciento, umbilicales. La frecuencia de hernias en los pacientes con SVCF es significativamente mayor que la descrita para la población general, aproximadamente un 5 por ciento. Esta es una manifestación común del síndrome, que no es atribuible a defectos del desarrollo de las bolsas faríngeas y cuya patogenia no ha sido definida.

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Male accessory sexual glands arising in ovarian cystic teratoma are exceedingly rare. We report a 56-year-old female subjected to an ovariohysterectomy due to a left ovarian mass. The pathological study of the surgical piece revealed a tumor composed of different mature tissue elements and well defined nodules of benign prostatic tissue.

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INTRODUCTION: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a frequent functional digestive disorder. Several studies have established the relationship between IBS and anxiety. Also it has been described a negative impact on quality of life in patients who suffer it, but in our country none of these studies have used ROME III criteria for evaluation. OBJECTIVE: To know the frequency of anxiety in the different subgroups of IBS and its impact on quality of life. METHODS: The study was conducted in patients who attended for first time to the outpatient clinic of our hospital for ten months. Adult patients who met the criteria of IBS were included. We applied the SF-36 quality of life questionnaire and the Hamilton anxiety scale. RESULTS: One hundred and two patients who met for IBS criteria were included, of which 85% had anxiety. The IBS-C was the most frequent subgroup. Divided by subgroups, found that 52%, 85.1%, 90% and 80.9% had anxiety for IBS-C, IBS-D, IBS-M and IBS-NC respectively, without significant difference between groups. Patients with anxiety had lower quality of life scores in the categories of physical health, mental health and change in the state of health, (54.2 ± 18 vs. 72 ± 16, 52.8 ± 20 vs. 74 ± 14, 48 ± 28 vs. 59 ± 32) with respect to those who have no anxiety (p <0.0001, p <0.0001 and p<0.15 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The anxiety was not associated to any subgroup in particular of IBS, the presence of this influenced adversely and significantly on the quality of life of patients who suffer it.

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Introduction: Oral cancer is a common disease in many parts of the world, in Chile only accounts for 1.6 percent of all cancers. The majority is squamous cell carcinoma with important clinical, epidemiological and pathological differences between lip, oral and orofaringeal locations. Objective: To analyze clinical and pathological characteristics of oral and oropharingeal squamous cell carcinoma in Temuco, Chile. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, retrospective study of all diagnosed cases in 15 years (1994 and 2008). The patients were analyzed according to gender, age; and the tumors were classified based on anatomic location, size, macroscopical findings and degree of differentiation. Results: We found 93 carcinomas, with male to female ratio of 5:1, average age 67 years. Patients under 50 years accounted for only 8 percent of cases. The most common sites were lower lip, tongue and gingiva, with an average size of 28 mm, which increased towards orofarinx and more than half were moderately differentiated. Conclusions: In our region, this carcinoma most often affects the seventh decade of life and male population and has similar characteristics to those in other countries which is predominantly. The size at diagnosis is significant. The detection of some differences in the group with mapuche surnames warrants a study with a larger number of cases.

Introducción: El cáncer oral es una enfermedad frecuente en muchas partes del mundo, en Chile corresponde al 1,6 por ciento del total de cánceres. La gran mayoría corresponde a carcinoma epidermoide, con importantes diferencias clínicas, epidemiológicas y patológicas entre las localizaciones labial, intraoral y orofaríngea. Objetivo: Analizar las características clínicas y patológicas del carcinoma epidermoide oral y orofaríngeo en Temuco, Chile. Material y Método: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo de todos los casos diagnosticados en 15 años (1994 y 2008), en el Hospital Regional de Temuco. Los pacientes fueron analizados de acuerdo a género, edad, y los tumores fueron clasificados basados en su localización anatómica, tamaño, características macroscópicas y grado de diferenciación. Resultados: Se encontraron 93 carcinomas, con relación hombre:mujer de 5:1, edad promedio 67 años. Pacientes menores a 50 años correspondían sólo al 8 por ciento de los casos. Las localizaciones más frecuentes fueron labio inferior, lengua y encía, con un tamaño promedio de 28 mm, el que aumentó hacia la orofarinx, más de la mitad eran moderadamente diferenciados. Conclusiones: En nuestra región, este carcinoma afecta con mayor frecuencia a la séptima década de la vida y a población masculina y posee características similares a las descritas en otros países donde predomina la raza blanca. El tamaño al diagnóstico es considerable. La detección de algunas diferencias en el grupo con apellidos mapuches amerita un estudio con un mayor número de casos.

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