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1.
Horiz. sanitario (en linea) ; 23(1): 220-230, Jan.-Apr. 2024. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1575020

RESUMO

Resumen Objetivo: Identificar la evidencia científica relacionada con la influencia que tiene la autoestima en el consumo de cannabis de los adolescentes. Materiales y método: Durante el periodo de febrero-abril de 2022 se realizó una revisión integrativa de la literatura científica publicada en los últimos diez años (2012-2022). Se utilizó la metodología de seis pasos propuesta por Toronto y Remington en los motores de búsqueda de la BVS, PubMed, TRIP y Dialnet, así como, en las bases de datos de Redalyc, Cochrane, EBSCOhost, Web of Science y CUIDEN. Se encontraron un total de 1,491 artículos, al aplicar criterios de inclusión y eliminación se contemplaron un total de diez estudios cuantitativos en la muestra final. Resultados: Se encontró que los adolescentes con baja autoestima están propensos a influencias que fomentan el inicio de consumo de cannabis. Al considerarse como una actitud positiva de la persona hacia sí misma, favorece el sentimiento de seguridad y regula la conducta mediante un proceso de autoevaluación, de modo que posibilita la adecuación de los adolescentes a su entorno. En este sentido se observaron tres categorías principales: variable moderadora en el consumo de cannabis; variable predictora del consumo de cannabis; y componente de intervención. Conclusiones: Se demostró el papel protector y predictivo de la autoestima para el consumo de cannabis en los adolescentes, asimismo, la detección temprana y las intervenciones dirigidas a mejorar las habilidades para la regulación de emociones influenciadas por factores cognitivos son efectivas en la promoción y prevención de consumo de cannabis en el adolescente.


Abstract Objective: To identify the scientific evidence related to the influence of self-esteem on adolescent cannabis use. Materials and method: During the period of february-april 2022, an integrative review of the scientific literature published in the last ten years (2012-2022) was carried out. The sixstep methodology proposed by Toronto and Remington was used in the BVS, PubMed, TRIP and Dialnet search engines, as well as in the Redalyc, Cochrane, EBSCOhost, Web of Science and CUIDEN databases. A total of 1,491 articles were found, when applying inclusion and elimination criteria, a total of ten quantitative studies were considered in the final sample. Results: It was found that adolescents with low self-esteem are prone to influences that encourage the initiation of cannabis use. When considered as a positive attitude of the person towards himself, it favors the feeling of security and regulates behavior through a process of self-evaluation, so that it enables adolescents to adapt to their environment. In this sense, three main categories were observed: moderator variable in cannabis use; predictor variable of cannabis use; and intervention component. Conclusions: The protective and predictive role of self-esteem for cannabis use in adolescents was demonstrated, likewise, early detection and interventions aimed at improving skills for the regulation of emotions influenced by cognitive factors are effective in the promotion and prevention of cannabis use in adolescents.

2.
Salud UNINORTE ; 40(1): 273-294, ene.-abr. 2024. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1576825

RESUMO

RESUMEN Introducción: En América Latina y el Caribe, el cáncer de mama constituye la primera causa de muerte por neoplasias malignas femeninas, desplazando en diversos países al cáncer cervicouterino. En México es la segunda causa de muerte por procesos tumorales en mujeres mayores de 25 años y cada año se diagnostican 14 000 casos nuevos. Objetivo: Determinar los factores de riesgo a los que pueden estar expuestas las mujeres con antecedentes familiares de cáncer de mama. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión integradora en la que se buscaron artículos relacionados con los temas de cáncer de mama y factores de riesgo en mujeres con antecedentes familiares de cáncer de mama. Para la búsqueda se utilizaron las bases de datos de Google Scholar, PubMed y Scielo. Se seleccionaron los términos de búsqueda basándose en la pregunta de investigación con la estrategia de Concepto, Población y Contexto (CPC). Resultados: De las bases de datos Google Scholar, PubMed y Scielo se seleccionaron 42 artículos, y se encontró que aún existe desconocimiento en lo que respecta a las prácticas del propio cuidado, enfrentando esta problemática de salud pública los países en desarrollo. Conclusiones: Investigaciones sobre el tema han concluido que las mujeres con un bajo nivel de escolaridad, que habitan en zonas rurales y pertenecen a estratos socioeconómicos bajos tienen mayor probabilidad de padecer esta patología.


ABSTRACT Introduction: In Latin America and the Caribbean breast cancer, it is the leading cause of death from malignant neoplasms in women, displacing cervical cancer in several countries. In Mexico, it is the second cause of death due to tumor processes in women over 25 years of age and 14,000 new cases are diagnosed each year. Objective: To determine the risk factors to which women with a family history of breast cancer may be exposed. Methodology: An integrative review was carried out where articles related to the topics of breast cancer, risk factors and care in women with a family history of breast cancer were searched. For the search, the Google Scholar, PubMed and Scielo databases were used. Search terms were selected based on the research question using the Concept, Population and Context (CPC) strategy. Results: From the Google Scholar, PubMed and Scielo databases, 42 articles were selected, finding that there is still a lack of knowledge regarding self-care practices, facing this public health problem in developing countries. Conclusions: Research on the subject has concluded that women with a low level of schooling, who live in rural areas and belong to low socioeconomic strata are more likely to suffer from this pathology.

3.
Eur J Clin Nutr ; 77(9): 845-854, 2023 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37095222

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Body composition (BC) assessment in cirrhosis has a wide variety of methods with no consensus on the best tools for each body component in patients with Liver Cirrhosis (LC). We aimed to conduct a systematic scoping review of the most frequent body composition analysis methods and nutritional findings published in liver cirrhosis patients. METHODS: We searched for articles in PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science databases. Keywords selected the BC methods and parameters in LC. RESULTS: Eleven methods were found. The most frequently used were computed tomography (CT) 47.5%, Bioimpedance Analysis 35%, DXA 32.5%, and anthropometry 32.5%. Up to 15 BC parameters were reported from each method. CONCLUSIONS: The vast heterogeneity in the results found during the qualitative analysis and imaging methods must reach a consensus to achieve a better clinical practice and improve nutritional treatment, as the physiopathology in LC compromises the nutritional status directly.


Assuntos
Composição Corporal , Cirrose Hepática , Humanos , Antropometria , Estado Nutricional , Impedância Elétrica
4.
Horiz. sanitario (en linea) ; 21(2): 276-281, May.-Aug. 2022. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1448414

RESUMO

Resumen: Objetivo: Establecer la asociación de las características sociodemográficas y la adherencia al tratamiento en personas adultas mexicanas con Diabetes Tipo 2. Materiales y Método: Diseño descriptivo transversal, la población estuvo constituida por adultos mayores de 18 de edad con diagnóstico de DT2, que acudieron a una clínica de diabetes de un hospital público. La muestra estuvo constituida por 100 participantes, se incluyeron adultos conscientes, con diagnóstico de DT2, con evolución mínima de tres años con la enfermedad. Para medir la adherencia al tratamiento se utilizó el Test de Adherencia al Tratamiento de Morisky, Green y Levine. Resultados: Predominó el sexo femenino (62%), los participantes entre 50 a 59 años fueron los que más participaron (59%); cerca de la mitad de los participantes había concluido la primaria (46%), y la mayoría de ellos reportaron tener pareja (69%). El 23% de los participantes reportaron tener 3 años con DT2, solo el 38% de los encuestados realizan ejercicio físico de 10 a 15 minutos al día y el 28% no realizaba ejercicio físico; la mayoría se encontraba con un tratamiento farmacológico basado en hipoglucemiantes orales (82%). La edad se asoció con la adherencia al tratamiento (p<0.005). Conclusiones: La edad fue la única característica sociodemográfica que se asoció significativamente con la adherencia al tratamiento en personas adultas mexicanas con Diabetes Tipo 2. El personal de salud, principalmente los que se encuentran en el primer nivel de atención, deben de enfocarse a promover la adherencia al tratamiento en pacientes que padecen DT2, teniendo en cuenta sus características sociodemográficas, particularmente la edad.


Abstract: Objective: To establish the association of sociodemographic characteristics and treatment adherence in Mexican adults with Type 2 Diabetes. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was made in Mexican adults over 18 years with Type 2 Diabetes who attended a diabetes clinic of a public hospital. The sample were 100 adults. Conscious adults, diagnosed with DT2, with a minimum evolution of three years with the diagnostic were included. The Morisky, Green and Levine´s test was used to identify the adherence to the treatment. Results: The female sex predominated (62%), the adults between 50-59 years were the most representative group (59%); el 46% had primary school and 69% were married. The 23% of the sample has 3 years with the diagnostic, only 38% of the respondents do exercise 10-15 minutes a day and 28% did not do exercise; the majority report having a pharmacological treatment based on oral hypoglycemic agents (82%). The age was associate with the adherence to the treatment (p<.005). Conclusions: Age was the only sociodemographic characteristic that was significantly associated with adherence to treatment in Mexican adults with Type 2 Diabetes. Health personnel, mainly those at the first level of care, should focus on promoting adherence to treatment in patients suffering from DT2, taking into account their sociodemographic characteristics, especially age.

6.
J Adv Nurs ; 77(2): 537-549, 2021 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33058345

RESUMO

AIMS: Because of the increased overall prevalence of pre-pregnancy obesity among racial-ethnic groups, we conducted a review of published methods for body composition measurement during pregnancy considering at present there is no consensus on the best practices and type of study design that researchers should use for this purpose. DESIGN: Quantitative systematic review. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Virtual Library of Health. Search dates from 1997-2016. REVIEW METHODS: Search of articles indexed in selected databases from 1997-2016. Studies were published in English, Spanish, and Portuguese. Graphs were carried out using data visualization software. RESULTS: From the 112 included studies, 70 were prospective cohorts, 30 cross-sectional studies, 10 randomized controlled trial, and two retrospective studies. Cross-sectional studies and randomized controlled trial depicted a positive correlation with significant trend. CONCLUSIONS: Although several methods for body composition measurement exist, only bioelectrical impedance analysis, displacement plethysmography, and displacement plethysmography show a significant growing trend. Use of data visualization allows understanding various associations among categorical variables, with a graphical display of their multidimensional behaviour. IMPACT: Public and private health-care institution evaluating pregnancy women. Health-care personnel, including nursing professional, dealing with measurements of body composition during pregnancy will find reading this manuscript beneficial.


Assuntos
Composição Corporal , Obesidade , Gravidez , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez/fisiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Estudos Retrospectivos
7.
Salud ment ; Salud ment;42(5): 217-225, Sep.-Oct. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1094452

RESUMO

Abstract Introduction Physical changes during pregnancy trigger a positive or negative emotional response to the body image of the future mother. Since this response can affect the health of the mother and the fetus, it is necessary to have valid instruments to evaluate body image in pregnant women. Objective To validate in Spanish the Scale of Attitudes towards Pregnancy and Weight Gain in Mexican population. Method The study was conducted in two phases: it was culturally adapted to determine the linguistic validity and then its psychometric properties were verified through confirmatory exploratory factor analysis. Results Participants included 520 pregnant women over 18 attending prenatal consultation, with a mean age of 23.56 ± 5.89 and with a mean of 33.20 ± 6.69 gestation weeks. The exploratory analysis defined five components that explain 56.04% of the total variance of the 18 items with acceptable internal consistency (α = 78). Factor analysis confirmed five factors (negative attitude towards the increase of gestational weight, positive body image, control of gestational weight, concern over gestational weight and restrictive behavior in response to gestational weight) with adequate fit indices (χ2/gl = 2.57, IFI = .90, CFI = .90, RMSEA = .05 (90% CI [.048, .062], p =.12), SRMR = .05) Discussion and conclusion The instrument has good psychometric properties and is recommended as a valid tool for assessing attitudes toward body image in Mexican women during the period of pregnancy.


Resumen Introducción Los cambios físicos del embarazo propician una respuesta emocional positiva o negativa hacia la imagen corporal de la futura madre. Como esta respuesta puede afectar tanto la salud de ella como la del producto, es necesario contar con instrumentos válidos para evaluar la imagen corporal en mujeres embarazadas. Objetivo Validar en español la Escala de Actitudes hacia el Embarazo y el Aumento de Peso en población mexicana. Método El estudio se llevó a cabo en dos fases: una adaptación transcultural para determinar la validez lingüística y después una verificación de las propiedades psicométricas por medio de un análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio. Resultados Participaron 520 mujeres embarazadas mayores de 18 años que asistieron a consulta prenatal, con una media de edad de 23.56 ± 5.89 años y con un promedio de 33.20 ± 6.69 semanas de gestación. El análisis exploratorio definió cinco componentes que explican el 56.04% de la varianza total de los 18 reactivos y una consistencia interna aceptable (α = .78). El análisis factorial confirmó cinco factores (actitud negativa hacia el aumento del peso gestacional, imagen corporal positiva, control de peso gestacional, preocupación por el peso gestacional y conducta restrictiva hacia el peso gestacional) con índices de ajuste adecuados (χ2/gl = 2.57, IFI = .90, CFI = .90, RMSEA = .05 (IC 90% [.048, .062], p =.12), SRMR = .05). Discusión y conclusión El instrumento tiene buenas propiedades psicométricas y se recomienda como herramienta válida para evaluar las actitudes hacia la imagen corporal en mujeres mexicanas durante el periodo del embarazo.

8.
Cienc. enferm ; 22(3): 25-34, set. 2016. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-839753

RESUMO

RESUMEN Objetivo: Conocer la relación entre la sensibilidad de los pies, índice de masa corporal (IMC), y los parámetros de la marcha y de equilibrio en adultos mayores entre 65 y 75 años de edad. Material y método: Estudio des criptivo, correlacional y transversal, con una muestra de 119 adultos mayores con diagnóstico de diabetes tipo 2 (DT2). Se aplicaron las siguientes mediciones: el sistema GAITRite® Electronic Walkway para los parámetros de la marcha, la Batería Corta de Desempeño Físico para equilibrio y monofilamento de Semmes-Weinstein, North Coast Medical de 10 gramos para la sensibilidad y mediciones antropométricas para IMC. Se realizó un análisis estadístico con pruebas no paramétricas. Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias significativas en la velocidad, longitud del paso, de la zancada y el equilibrio entre los adultos mayores que tenían sensibilidad disminuida y normal. Conclusión: Una menor sensibilidad de los pies y mayor IMC se relacionan con mayor alteración de los parámetros de la marcha y el equilibrio en adultos mayores de 65 a 75 años de edad con DT2.


ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the relationship between feet sensitivity, body mass index (BMI), and gait and balance parameters in older adults between 65 and 75 years of age. Material and methods: A descriptive, correlational and cross-sectional study with a sample of 119 older adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (DT2). The following measurements were applied: the GAITRite® Electronic Walkway system for gait parameters, the Short Physical Performance Battery for balance, the Semmes-Weinstein monofilament examination, the North Coast Medical test using 10 grams for foot sensitivity and anthropometric measurements for BMI. A statistical analysis with non-parametric tests was performed. Results: Significant differences were found in speed, step length, stride length and balance between older adults who had decreased and normal sensitivity. Conclusion: Less foot sensitivity and a higher BMI are associated with a greater impairment reflected by the walking and balance parameters in older adults aged 65 to 75 with DT2.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Índice de Massa Corporal , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/fisiopatologia , Transtornos Neurológicos da Marcha/fisiopatologia , Equilíbrio Postural/fisiologia , Estudos Transversais , Marcha/fisiologia
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