Assuntos
Educação Continuada , Ocupações em Saúde/educação , Mão de Obra em Saúde , Educação Continuada/legislação & jurisprudência , Educação Continuada/organização & administração , Planejamento em Saúde , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde , México , Administração em Saúde Pública , UniversidadesRESUMO
A rubella seroepidemiologic survey was carried out in a rural population to better understand the epidemiology of this infections disease in Mexico. 24,331 serum samples from women between 10 and 44 years old were collected during 1987-1988 from the 32 federal states. Samples were tested for Rubella Antibodies by use of hemagglutination inhibition with a titer 1:8 bring considered as positive; 79.96 per cent (CI 95%, 7.5-80.5%) of women were seropositive, seropositivity increased with age, from 69.26 per cent in the age group of 10 to 14 years old, to 87.84 per cent in the 40-44 age group. Seropositivity rates were lower in southern states than in northern states and, higher in urban areas that rural areas (82.4 vs 76.6%); statistical significative difference in seropositivity rates were found between girls less than 14 years of age in urban areas as compared to rural areas (74.7 vs 63.6%). Seropositivity rates were related to socioeconomic status only when high status group were compared lower status group (82.5 vs 77%). In addition, we observed a significative trend of increasing seropositivity as level of school education increased. In comparison to the 1974 national survey, this seroepidemiological survey showed a decreased seropositivity for all age groups, even with an increase in the number of susceptible women, particularly in the group less than 20 years old. This study offers seroepidemiologic information about rubella at a national and regional level.
Assuntos
Rubéola (Sarampo Alemão)/epidemiologia , Fatores Etários , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , México/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Probabilidade , Vírus da Rubéola/imunologia , População Rural/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Fatores Socioeconômicos , População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacy of zymodemes of E. histolytica technique in an epidemiologic study. To report the zymodemes for the first time described in Mexico. To report the main difficulties in the correct classification of zymodemes in this study. To describe the zymodemes identified in two evaluations done in 100 healthy individuals. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey and a cohort of healthy persons. METHODS: We analyze the results of 1730 Robinson cultures performed in a cross-sectional survey done in the Municipality of Cadereyta, Queretaro, Mexico from October 1986 to August 1987. From positive cultures properly growth a Iysate was done and preserved in liquid nitrogen until the electrophoretic determination of 4 isoenzymes was done: EC 5.3.1.9. glucophosphate isomerase (GPI); EC 1.1.1.40 L-malate: NADP oxidoreductase (oxaloacetate decarboxylating) (ME); Ec 2.7.5.1 phosphoglucomutase (PGM); and EC 2.7.1.1 hexokinase (HK). RESULTS: Of 1730 cultures 289 (16.7%) developed trophozoites, in 100 (34.6%) was possible to make lysate and zymodeme. There were 67 ZNP, 3 mixtures (ZP and ZNP) and 30 ZP. There were two patterns for the first time described in Mexico (XVII and XVIII) and 30 strains had a pattern different from the 20 already described by Sargeaunt. Results observed in 100 individuals measured twice. [table: see text] There were 9 subjects in which zymodemes were isolated twice: at the first time 5 PZ and 4 NPZ, at the second time 1 PZ and 8 NPZ. At first time all 9 had negative serology and the second time one carrier of NPZ became positive. COMMENTS: In our study one tirth of Robinson cultures positive to trophozoites reached lysate. Efficacy of zymodemes and CPS is similar. We report for the first time in Mexico two non-pathogenic zymodemes (XVII and XVIII). We also report 30 zymodemes non-classified according to the standard proposed by Sargeaunt, one explanation for this feature is the possibility of zymodemes variability or new patterns. In endemic populations zymodeme pattern varies with time in asymptomatic carriers.
Assuntos
Entamoeba histolytica/classificação , Entamebíase/epidemiologia , Isoenzimas/análise , Proteínas de Protozoários/análise , Animais , Estudos de Coortes , Estudos Transversais , Entamoeba histolytica/enzimologia , Entamoeba histolytica/isolamento & purificação , Entamoeba histolytica/patogenicidade , Entamebíase/parasitologia , Fezes/parasitologia , Humanos , México/epidemiologia , Prevalência , População Rural , VirulênciaAssuntos
Medicina Clínica , Serviços de Saúde Comunitária , Doença , Saúde , Promoção da Saúde , Humanos , Medicina PreventivaAssuntos
Disenteria Amebiana/diagnóstico , Entamoeba histolytica/imunologia , Adolescente , Anticorpos/análise , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Disenteria Amebiana/tratamento farmacológico , Disenteria Amebiana/enzimologia , Disenteria Amebiana/imunologia , Emetina/uso terapêutico , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Fezes/parasitologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Metronidazol/uso terapêutico , Muco/parasitologiaAssuntos
Disenteria Amebiana/sangue , Fezes/parasitologia , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Disenteria Amebiana/diagnóstico , Enterotoxinas/análise , Fezes/análise , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Contagem de Leucócitos , Leucócitos/análise , Masculino , Muco/análise , Muco/parasitologia , Neutrófilos/análiseAssuntos
Disenteria Amebiana/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Disenteria Amebiana/complicações , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , MéxicoRESUMO
The diagnostic usefulness of different laboratory tests was evaluated in 20 cases of invasive intestinal amebiasis: the direct coproparasitoscopic exam in mucus obtained by rectoscopy was positive in 90.0 per cent of cases; the same exam done in mucus obtained by the spoon technique was positive in 40.0 per cent. The serum antibodies investigated by the counterimmunoelectrophoresis technique were found in 40.0 per cent of the cases in the first blood sample obtained at the hospital admisssion, and 15 days later this percentage increased to 66.6 percent. The fecal antigen studied by the ELISA technique was positive in 70.0 per cent of the cases. Simultaneously, the therapeutic effectiveness of emetine and metronidazol was evaluated, and with both therapeutic programs total recovery was obtained in 100.0 per cent of the cases; there were no significative differences in the symptoms duration after the start of therapy, and side effects were not observed. The results must be considered preliminary, because the calculated full sample has not been concluded.