RESUMO
Pest control is a main concern in agriculture. Indiscriminate application of synthetic pesticides has caused negative impacts leading to the rapid development of resistance in arthropod pests. Plant secondary metabolites have been proposed as a safer alternative to conventional pesticides. Monoterpenoids have reported bioactivities against important pests; however, due to their high volatility, low water solubility and chemical instability, the application of these compounds has been limited. Nanosystems represent a potential vehicle for the broad application of monoterpenoids. In this study, an 1,8-cineole nanoemulsion was prepared by the low energy method of phase inversion, characterization of droplet size distribution and polydispersity index (PDI) was carried out by dynamic light scattering and stability was evaluated by centrifugation and Turbiscan analysis. Fumigant bioactivity was evaluated against Tetranychus urticae, Rhopalosiphum maidis and Bemisia tabaci. A nanoemulsion with oil:surfactant:water ratio of 0.5:1:8.5 had a droplet size of 14.7 nm and PDI of 0.178. Formulation was stable after centrifugation and the Turbiscan analysis showed no particle migration and a delta backscattering of ±1%. Nanoemulsion exhibited around 50% more bioactivity as a fumigant on arthropods when compared to free monoterpenoid. These results suggest that nanoformulations can provide volatile compounds of protection against volatilization, improving their bioactivity.
RESUMO
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been used in the development of immunotherapies that target a variety of diseases, such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, and even viral infections; they play a key role in immunization and are expected after vaccination. However, some conditions do not promote the development of neutralizing antibodies. Production and use of mAbs, generated in biofactories, represent vast potential as aids in immunological responses when the organism cannot produce them on their own, these convey unique specificity by recognizing and targeting specific antigen. Antibodies can be defined as heterotetrametric glycoproteins of symmetric nature, and they participate as effector proteins in humoral responses. Additionally, there are different types of mAbs (murine, chimeric, humanized, human, mAbs as Antibody-drug conjugates and bispecific mAbs) discussed in the present work. When these molecules are produced in vitro as mAbs, several common techniques, such as hybridomas or phage display are used. There are several preferred cell lines that function as biofactories, for the production of mAbs, the selection of which rely on the variation of adaptability, productivity and both phenotypic and genotypic shifts. After the cell expression systems and culture techniques are used, there are diverse specialized downstream processes to achieve desired yield and isolation as well as product quality and characterization. Novel perspectives regarding these protocols represent a potential improvement for mAbs high-scale production.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Biespecíficos , Anticorpos Monoclonais , Humanos , Animais , Camundongos , Anticorpos Monoclonais/uso terapêutico , Hibridomas/metabolismo , Imunização , Vacinação , Anticorpos Neutralizantes , Anticorpos AntiviraisRESUMO
La amiloidosis cardíaca (AC) es una enfermedad con mal pronóstico si el tratamiento no se inicia de forma temprana, por lo que una de las asignaturas pendientes en esta enfermedad consiste en realizar un diagnóstico precoz. El electrocardiograma (ECG) es una prueba diagnóstica de bajo costo y amplia disponibilidad que nos permite sospechar esta enfermedad, dado que resulta normal en < 5% de los pacientes. El hallazgo clásico es la presencia de bajos voltajes en relación con la gran hipertrofia que se observa en las pruebas de imagen, así como el conocido patrón de pseudoinfarto. Ambos hallazgos son más frecuentes en el subtipo de amiloidosis por cadenas ligeras, que era el más frecuentemente diagnosticado en el pasado. Sin embargo, con la expansión del diagnóstico no invasivo del subtipo a transtiretina, su identificación ha crecido de forma exponencial y se convirtió en el más diagnosticado con más frecuencia en nuestro medio. Se debe prestar especial atención a todos estos hallazgos electrocardiográficos, con el fin de que esta prueba diagnóstica de sencilla obtención pueda contribuir de forma importante a la sospecha y al diagnóstico precoz de la AC.
Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is a serious disease with a poor prognosis if treatment is not started early, so one of the pending issues in this condition is to make an early diagnosis. The electrocardiogram (EKG) is an inexpensive and widely available diagnostic test that can offer differential data when suspecting this disease, being normal in < 5% of these patients. The classic EKG finding is the presence of low voltages in relation to the large hypertrophy seen on imaging tests, as well as the well-known pseudoinfarct pattern. Both findings are more frequent in the light chain subtype of CA, which was the most frequently diagnosed in the past. However, with the growth of noninvasive diagnostic tests, the identification of the transtyretin subtype has grown exponentially, becoming the most frequently diagnosed in our setting. Special attention should be paid to all these electrocardiographic findings, so that this simple diagnostic test can make an important contribution to the early suspicion and diagnosis of CA.
A amiloidose cardiÌaca (AC) é uma doença grave com um mau prognóstico no caso de não se iniciar tratamento de forma precoce, pelo que a necessidade de um pronto diagnóstico é imperiosa. Quando se suspeita desta doença, o eletrocardiograma (ECG) é um teste de diagnóstico pouco dispendioso e disponível em todo o mundo, que pode fornecer dados discriminativos importantes, sendo normal em menos de 5% dos casos. O achado clássico do ECG é a presença de baixas voltagens em relação à grande hipertrofia vista na imagem, bem como o conhecido padrão de pseudoinfarte. Ambos os resultados são mais frequentes no subtipo a cadenas ligeras, o mais frequentemente diagnosticado no passado. No entanto, com o aumento dos testes de diagnóstico não-invasivos, o diagnóstico ddo subtipo a transtirretina, o mais cresceu de forma exponencial, tornando-se o mais frequentemente diagnosticado no nosso meio. Deve ser dada especial atenção a todos estes achados eletrocardiográficos já que esta prova de diagnóstico de fácil obtenção pode contribuir de forma importante para a suspeição de diagnóstico precoce de AC.
Assuntos
Humanos , Eletrocardiografia , Cardiopatias/diagnóstico , Amiloidose/diagnósticoRESUMO
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a incidência de embolia pulmonar, seu relacionamento com os níveis de dímero D e outros possíveis fatores associados, além dos efeitos adversos da anticoagulação e meios de contraste. Métodos: Conduziu-se um estudo de coorte retrospectiva em um hospital público chileno. Foram incluídos os pacientes com idade acima de 18 anos com COVID-19, mecanicamente ventilados na unidade de terapia intensiva, admitidos entre março e junho de 2020. Todos os pacientes receberam tromboprofilaxia com heparina, que foi aumentada até uma dose de anticoagulação com níveis de dímero D acima de 3µg/mL. Resultados: Foram acompanhados 127 pacientes, dos quais 73 foram submetidos à angiografia por tomografia computadorizada (média de idade de 54 ± 12 anos; 49 homens). Sessenta e dois dos 73 pacientes (84,9%) receberam anticoagulação total antes da angiografia por tomografia computadorizada. Além disso, 18 dos 73 pacientes tiveram embolia pulmonar (24,7%). Na comparação entre pacientes com e sem embolia pulmonar, não se observaram diferenças significantes em termos de idade, sexo, obesidade, tabagismo, escores de Wells e Genebra revisado, dímero D ou mortalidade. O uso de anticoagulantes foi similar em ambos os grupos. O número de dias desde o início da anticoagulação até a angiografia por tomografia computadorizada foi significantemente menor no grupo com embolia pulmonar (p = 0,002). Três pacientes tiveram lesão renal aguda após o contraste (4,1%), e um paciente teve sangramento importante. Conclusão: Apesar da anticoagulação, um em cada quatro pacientes com COVID-19 submetidos à ventilação mecânica e avaliados com angiografia por tomografia computadorizada apresentou embolia pulmonar. Com uma maior demora para realização da angiografia por tomografia computadorizada após início de anticoagulação empírica, identificou-se um número significantemente menor de embolias
Abstract Objective: To assess pulmonary embolism incidence, its relationship with D-dimer levels and other possible associated factors in addition to anticoagulation and contrast medium adverse effects. Methods: A retrospective observational cohort study at a Chilean public hospital was performed. Intensive care unit mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients older than 18 years old between March and June 2020 were included. All patients received heparin thromboprophylaxis, which was increased to the anticoagulation dose with D-dimer greater than 3µg/mL. Results: A total of 127 patients were followed up, of whom 73 underwent pulmonary computed tomography angiography (mean age, 54 ± 12 years; 49 men). Sixty-two of the 73 patients (84.9%) received full anticoagulation before computed tomography angiography. In addition, 18 of the 73 patients had pulmonary embolism (24.7%). When comparing patients with and without pulmonary embolism, no significant differences were observed in age, sex, obesity, smoking, Wells and revised Geneva scores, D-dimer or mortality. Anticoagulant use was similar in both groups. Days from the start of anticoagulation until computed tomography angiography were significantly lower in the pulmonary embolism group (p = 0.002). Three patients presented post contrast-acute kidney injury (4.1%), and one patient had major bleeding. Conclusion: Despite anticoagulation, one in four COVID-19 patients connected to mechanical ventilation and evaluated with pulmonary computed tomography angiography had pulmonary embolism. With a longer the delay in performing computed tomography angiography once empirical anticoagulation was started, significantly less pulmonary embolism was identified.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Embolia Pulmonar/epidemiologia , Embolia Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Tromboembolia Venosa/epidemiologia , COVID-19 , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Angiografia por Tomografia Computadorizada , SARS-CoV-2 , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Anticoagulantes/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Introducción: El parto pretérmino es una de las principales causas de morbilidad y mortalidad neonatal, cuyo origen está asociado con la presencia e interacción de factores relacionados con la madre y su entorno. Objetivo: Determinar los factores de riesgo asociados con el parto pretérmino en madres jóvenes atendidas en un Hospital de Lima, Perú. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio no experimental, analítico y retrospectivo de 32 madres con parto pretérmino y 292 a término (seleccionadas aleatoriamente), desde enero hasta agosto de 2016 en el mencionado centro hospitalario. Se utilizó la prueba de Ji al cuadrado o test de Fisher, según fue necesario, así como el odds ratio (OR) con sus intervalos de confianza al 95 %. Resultados: Los factores sociodemográficos como la instrucción, la ocupación y el estado conyugal no estuvieron relacionados con el parto pretérmino; en tanto, los pregestacionales (índice de masa corporal y antecedente de parto pretérmino) se asociaron significativamente y los clínicos (infección del tracto urinario, rotura prematura de membranas y preeclampsia) demostraron asociación estadística. Conclusiones: El índice de masa corporal pregestacional ≥25 kg/m2, el antecedente de parto pretérmino, la infección urinaria, la rotura prematura de membranas y la preeclampsia, incrementaron significativamente el riesgo de parto pretérmino.
Introduction: Preterm labor is one of the main causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality whose origin is associated with the presence and interaction of factors related to the mother and her environment. Objective: To determine the risk factors associated with preterm labor in young mothers assisted in a Hospital of Lima, Peru. Methods: A non experimental, analytic and retrospective study of 32 mothers with preterm labor and 292 with term delivery (selected at random), was carried out from January to August, 2016 in the hospital center above mentioned. The chi-square test of Fisher test was used, as it was necessary, as well as the odds ratio (OR) with its confidence intervals of 95 %. Results: The social demographic factors as instruction, occupation and marital status were not related to preterm labor; as long as, antenatal factors (body mass index and history of preterm labor) were significantly associated and clinical factors (urinary tract infection, early rupture of membranes and preeclampsia) demonstrated a statistical association. Conclusions: The antenatal body mass index ≥25 kg/m2, history of preterm labor, urinary infection, early rupture of membranes and preeclampsia, significantly increased the risk of preterm labor.
Assuntos
Fatores de Risco , Trabalho de Parto Prematuro/prevenção & controle , Peru , Gravidez , Mortalidade InfantilRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess pulmonary embolism incidence, its relationship with D-dimer levels and other possible associated factors in addition to anticoagulation and contrast medium adverse effects. METHODS: A retrospective observational cohort study at a Chilean public hospital was performed. Intensive care unit mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients older than 18 years old between March and June 2020 were included. All patients received heparin thromboprophylaxis, which was increased to the anticoagulation dose with D-dimer greater than 3µg/mL. RESULTS: A total of 127 patients were followed up, of whom 73 underwent pulmonary computed tomography angiography (mean age, 54 ± 12 years; 49 men). Sixty-two of the 73 patients (84.9%) received full anticoagulation before computed tomography angiography. In addition, 18 of the 73 patients had pulmonary embolism (24.7%). When comparing patients with and without pulmonary embolism, no significant differences were observed in age, sex, obesity, smoking, Wells and revised Geneva scores, D-dimer or mortality. Anticoagulant use was similar in both groups. Days from the start of anticoagulation until computed tomography angiography were significantly lower in the pulmonary embolism group (p = 0.002). Three patients presented post contrast-acute kidney injury (4.1%), and one patient had major bleeding. CONCLUSION: Despite anticoagulation, one in four COVID-19 patients connected to mechanical ventilation and evaluated with pulmonary computed tomography angiography had pulmonary embolism. With a longer the delay in performing computed tomography angiography once empirical anticoagulation was started, significantly less pulmonary embolism was identified.
OBJETIVO: Avaliar a incidência de embolia pulmonar, seu relacionamento com os níveis de dímero D e outros possíveis fatores associados, além dos efeitos adversos da anticoagulação e meios de contraste. MÉTODOS: Conduziu-se um estudo de coorte retrospectiva em um hospital público chileno. Foram incluídos os pacientes com idade acima de 18 anos com COVID-19, mecanicamente ventilados na unidade de terapia intensiva, admitidos entre março e junho de 2020. Todos os pacientes receberam tromboprofilaxia com heparina, que foi aumentada até uma dose de anticoagulação com níveis de dímero D acima de 3µg/mL. RESULTADOS: Foram acompanhados 127 pacientes, dos quais 73 foram submetidos à angiografia por tomografia computadorizada (média de idade de 54 ± 12 anos; 49 homens). Sessenta e dois dos 73 pacientes (84,9%) receberam anticoagulação total antes da angiografia por tomografia computadorizada. Além disso, 18 dos 73 pacientes tiveram embolia pulmonar (24,7%). Na comparação entre pacientes com e sem embolia pulmonar, não se observaram diferenças significantes em termos de idade, sexo, obesidade, tabagismo, escores de Wells e Genebra revisado, dímero D ou mortalidade. O uso de anticoagulantes foi similar em ambos os grupos. O número de dias desde o início da anticoagulação até a angiografia por tomografia computadorizada foi significantemente menor no grupo com embolia pulmonar (p = 0,002). Três pacientes tiveram lesão renal aguda após o contraste (4,1%), e um paciente teve sangramento importante. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar da anticoagulação, um em cada quatro pacientes com COVID-19 submetidos à ventilação mecânica e avaliados com angiografia por tomografia computadorizada apresentou embolia pulmonar. Com uma maior demora para realização da angiografia por tomografia computadorizada após início de anticoagulação empírica, identificou-se um número significantemente menor de embolias.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Embolia Pulmonar , Tromboembolia Venosa , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Anticoagulantes/efeitos adversos , Angiografia por Tomografia Computadorizada , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Embolia Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Embolia Pulmonar/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , SARS-CoV-2 , Tromboembolia Venosa/epidemiologiaRESUMO
A complex network of chemokines can influence cancer progression with the recruitment and activation of hematopoietic cells, including macrophages to the supporting tumor stroma promoting carcinogenesis and metastasis. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between tissue and plasma chemokine levels involved in macrophage recruitment with tumor-associated macrophage profile markers and clinicopathological features such as tumor-node-metastases stage, desmoplasia, tumor necrosis factor-α, and vascular endothelial growth factor plasma content. Plasma and tumor/healthy mucosa were obtained from Chilean patients undergoing colon cancer surgery. Chemokines were evaluated from tissue lysates (CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, and CX3CL1) by Luminex. Statistical analysis was performed using Wilcoxon match-paired test ( p < 0.05). Macrophage markers (CD68, CD163, and iNOS) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry samples derived from colorectal cancer patients. Correlation analysis between chemokines and macrophage markers and clinicopathological features were performed using Spearman's test. Plasmatic levels of chemokines and inflammatory mediators' vascular endothelial growth factor and tumor necrosis factor-α were evaluated by Luminex. Tumor levels of CCL2 (mean ± standard deviation = 530.1 ± 613.9 pg/mg), CCL3 (102.7 ± 106.0 pg/mg), and CCL4 (64.98 ± 48.09 pg/mg) were higher than those found in healthy tissue (182.1 ± 116.5, 26.79 ± 22.40, and 27.06 ± 23.69 pg/mg, respectively p < 0.05). The tumor characterization allowed us to identify a positive correlation between CCL4 and the pro-tumor macrophages marker CD163 ( p = 0.0443), and a negative correlation of iNOS with desmoplastic reaction ( p = 0.0467). Moreover, we identified that tumors with immature desmoplasia have a higher CD163 density compared to those with a mature/intermediated stromal tissue ( p = 0.0288). Plasmatic CCL4 has shown a positive correlation with inflammatory mediators (tumor necrosis factor-α and vascular endothelial growth factor) that have previously been associated with poor prognosis in patients. In conclusion High expression of CCL4 in colon cancer could induce the infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages and specifically a pro-tumor macrophage profile (CD163+ cells). Moreover, plasmatic chemokines could be considered inflammatory mediators associated to CRC progression as well as tumor necrosis factor-α and vascular endothelial growth factor. These data reinforce the idea of chemokines as potential therapeutic targets or biomarker in CRC.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Quimiocina CCL2/metabolismo , Quimiocina CCL3/metabolismo , Quimiocina CCL4/metabolismo , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Macrófagos/patologia , Microambiente Tumoral , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Neoplasias Colorretais/metabolismo , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , PrognósticoRESUMO
Background: Different strains of invasive Escherichia coli (E. coli), isolated from intestinal mucosa of patients, are related to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Aim: To evaluate an association between intracellular E. coli and IBD; its clinical characteristics and use of steroids. Material and Methods: Sixty one patients with Crohn's disease and 83 with ulcerative colitis were studied. To determine the intracellular E. coli content, colonoscopy biopsies of these patients and 29 control subjects were processed using the gentamicin protection assay. Differences in the bacterial content between patient groups were evaluated using Mann-Whitney test, while the association between presence of E. coli with endoscopic activity, location/extension and use of corticosteroid as anti-inflammatory treatment were evaluated with Fisher's exact test or Chi-square test. Results: E. coli strains were detected in 36.1, 39.3 and 10.3% of patients with ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and controls, respectively. The number of bacteria per biopsy in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis was significantly higher than in controls (p < 0.01 between patients and controls). In ulcerative colitis, significant associations were found between the presence of bacteria and disease location and use of corticosteroids. In Crohn's disease, no association was found. Conclusions: IBD are associated with the presence of intracellular E. coli strains in the intestinal mucosa, suggesting an alteration in the microbiota or loss of integrity of the epithelial barrier. The association of intracellular E. coli with clinical features and the use of corticosteroids in ulcerative colitis suggests that different factors could promote colonization or proliferation of these bacteria.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Adulto Jovem , Colite Ulcerativa/microbiologia , Doença de Crohn/microbiologia , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Mucosa Intestinal/microbiologia , Valores de Referência , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Colite Ulcerativa/tratamento farmacológico , Doença de Crohn/tratamento farmacológico , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos Prospectivos , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Different strains of invasive Escherichia coli (E. coli), isolated from intestinal mucosa of patients, are related to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). AIM: To evaluate an association between intracellular E. coli and IBD; its clinical characteristics and use of steroids. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty one patients with Crohn's disease and 83 with ulcerative colitis were studied. To determine the intracellular E. coli content, colonoscopy biopsies of these patients and 29 control subjects were processed using the gentamicin protection assay. Differences in the bacterial content between patient groups were evaluated using Mann-Whitney test, while the association between presence of E. coli with endoscopic activity, location/extension and use of corticosteroid as anti-inflammatory treatment were evaluated with Fisher's exact test or Chi-square test. RESULTS: E. coli strains were detected in 36.1, 39.3 and 10.3% of patients with ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and controls, respectively. The number of bacteria per biopsy in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis was significantly higher than in controls (p < 0.01 between patients and controls). In ulcerative colitis, significant associations were found between the presence of bacteria and disease location and use of corticosteroids. In Crohn's disease, no association was found. CONCLUSIONS: IBD are associated with the presence of intracellular E. coli strains in the intestinal mucosa, suggesting an alteration in the microbiota or loss of integrity of the epithelial barrier. The association of intracellular E. coli with clinical features and the use of corticosteroids in ulcerative colitis suggests that different factors could promote colonization or proliferation of these bacteria.
Assuntos
Colite Ulcerativa/microbiologia , Doença de Crohn/microbiologia , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Mucosa Intestinal/microbiologia , Adolescente , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Colite Ulcerativa/tratamento farmacológico , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Doença de Crohn/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Valores de Referência , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Recurrent tracheoesophageal fistula (RTEF) is a serious complication after primary repair of esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF). Treatment of RTEF involved an open surgery by thoracotomy. Technically it is a challenge with a high morbidity and mortality. Congenital tracheoesophageal fistula (CTEF) traditionally involved an open surgery by thoracotomy or cervicotomy. Many endoscopic techniques have been developed since the past decades: thoracoscopic or bronchoscopic approach for the treatment of RTEF and CTEF; nevertheless, optimal treatment is not still determined because of few numbers of patients, short-term follow-up, and different procedures. We report our experience and evaluated the efficacy in the chemocauterization of CTEF and RTEF, with the use of 50% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) as a technique minimally invasive. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 2010 to 2014, fourteen patients with TEF (twelve RTEF and two CTEF) were selected for endoscopic management in two centers. Twelve patients had RTEF after primary repair of EA/TEF by thoracotomy approach, and two patients had CTEF in the upper pouch, diagnosed after EA/TEF (Type B) long gap, treated by thoracotomy and thoracoscopy, respectively. In all cases the diagnosis was confirmed by esophagram, bronchoscopy, and clinical evaluation. Under general anesthesia, a rigid pediatric bronchoscope with a 0° rod lens telescope and tele-monitoring was used to localize the TEF. Cotton soaked with 50% TCA was applied on the TEF during 30 s, and the procedure was repeated 3 times. The endoscopic treatment was performed monthly until TEF closure was achieved. RESULTS: RTEF and CTEF were closed in all patients. The mean number of procedure in each patient was 1.8. Closure of TEF was confirmed by esophagram, bronchoscopy, and clinical evaluation. There were a bacterial pneumonia and bronchospasm as postoperative complications. Median follow-up was 41 months (8-72). All of these TEF remain completely obliterated, and all patients are asymptomatic. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic management of congenital and recurrent TEF with the use of 50% TCA is as a minimally invasive, effective, simple and safe technique in these patients and avoids the morbidity of open surgery.
Assuntos
Cauterização/métodos , Atresia Esofágica/cirurgia , Fístula Traqueoesofágica/cirurgia , Ácido Tricloroacético/uso terapêutico , Adolescente , Broncoscopia/métodos , Cauterização/efeitos adversos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Toracoscopia/métodos , Toracotomia , Resultado do Tratamento , Ácido Tricloroacético/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Understanding the principles that govern community assemblages is a central goal of ecology. There is limited experimental evidence in natural settings showing that microbial assembly in communities are influenced by antagonistic interactions. We, therefore, analyzed antagonism among bacterial isolates from a taxonomically related bacterial guild obtained from five sites in sediments from a fresh water system. We hypothesized that if antagonistic interactions acted as a shaping force of the community assembly, then the frequency of resistance to antagonism among bacterial isolates originating from a given site would be higher than the resistance to conspecifics originating from a different assemblage. Antagonism assays were conducted between 78 thermoresistant isolates, of which 72 were Bacillus spp. Sensitive, resistant and antagonistic isolates co-occurred at each site, but the within-site frequency of resistance observed was higher than that observed when assessed across-sites. We found that antagonism results from bacteriocin-like substances aimed at the exclusion of conspecifics. More than 6000 interactions were scored and described by a directed network with hierarchical structure that exhibited properties that resembled a food chain, where the different Bacillus taxonomic groups occupied specific positions. For some tested interacting pairs, the unidirectional interaction could be explained by competition that inhibited growth or completely excluded one of the pair members. This is the first report on the prevalence and specificity of Bacillus interactions in a natural setting and provides evidence for the influence of bacterial antagonist interactions in the assemblage of a taxonomically related guild in local communities.
Assuntos
Antibiose/fisiologia , Bacillus/fisiologia , Biodiversidade , Cadeia Alimentar , Sedimentos Geológicos/microbiologia , Bacillus/classificação , Bacillus/genética , Água Doce , Variação Genética , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genéticaRESUMO
Introducción: Los valores de referencia son imprescindibles guías para la interpretación de los resultados de las pruebas de laboratorio. Actualmente la automatización de los laboratorios clínicos ha incrementado la necesidad de producción de valores de referencia. Objetivo: Establecer rangos de referencia hematológicos. Diseño: Descriptivo de corte transversal. Lugar: Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (INEN) de Lima. Participantes: Donantes de sangre del INEN con edades entre 18-54 años. Intervenciones: La selección de donantes se evaluó mediante una entrevista y exámenes de laboratorio, se obtuvieron muestras de sangre para su análisis en el Sysmex XE-2100 Full, los rangos de referencia se obtuvieron mediante métodos estadísticos para métricos y no paramétricos; el estudio se desarrolló en el período de Abril-Setiembre del 2011. Principales medidas de resultados: Valores de referencia hematológicos. Resultados: Se determinó diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre hombres y mujeres para RBC, HGB, HCT, MCHC, RET#, IRF, RET-He, PLT-I, PLT-O y PCT; una notable variabilidad fue observada entre los rangos de referencia establecidos y los reportados previamente; la concentración de leucocitos en la población de estudio fue superior al de otras poblaciones. Conclusiones: Se confirma la necesidad de establecer rangos de referencia propios en cada laboratorio
Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doadores de Sangue , Testes Hematológicos/instrumentação , Testes Hematológicos/métodos , Testes Laboratoriais/análise , Valores de Referência , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
El objetivo principal de la presente investigación es analizar el impacto del poder en las atribuciones causales; concretamente, se analizan las que realiza el observador ante el éxito y el fracaso de personas que difieren en el poder que poseen en su trabajo. Los resultados muestran que tanto los éxitos como los fracasos de las personas con alto poder, se explican mediante atribuciones controlables internas, específicamente, refiriéndose al esfuerzo de persona poderosa. Sin embargo, la explicación de los resultados logrados por personas con bajo poder presenta un patrón diferente. Mientras que el éxito se atribuye al esfuerzo del subordinado, el fracaso, a su poca habilidad. Los resultados se analizan en relación con hallazgos anteriores y a su implicación en el mantenimiento del statu quo.
Assuntos
Psicologia SocialRESUMO
Las infecciones intrahospitalarias, conocidas también como infecciones nosocomiales, son aquellas que se adquieren una vez que el enfermo ha ingresado al centro hospitalario y constituyen un problema de salud pública a escala nacional y mundial, dado que se asocian a un incremento de la mortalidad, morbilidad y costos, tanto hospitalarios como para los pacientes, sus familias y la sociedad en general. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo, en el Hospital San Rafael de Alajuela durante el año 2002, donde fue determinada la incidencia de infecciones intrahospitalarias. La presencia de la infección se determinó siguiendo los criterios de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, OMS, en la definición de infecciones intrahospitalarias. La incidencia resultó ser de 4.95 por ciento. Los servicios hospitalarios mayormente afectados fueron los de Medicina, 67 por ciento, seguido de Cirugía, 18 por ciento y Ginecología, 15 por ciento.
Intrahospitalary infections also knownas nosocomial infections, are thosethat the patient catch when entering tothe medical center. They are a publichealth problem in the national and worldscale, because they are associated toan increment of mortality, morbidityand medical expenses for patients,their families and society. A retrospective, descriptive study hasbeen made in San Rafael de AlajuelaHospital during the year 2002, where the incidence of intrahospitalary infections has been determined. The presence of the infection was determinate following the criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO) in the definition of intrahospitalary infections. The incidence has resulted in a 4,95%. The medical services especially affected have been the ones of Medicine (67%), followed by Surgery (18%) and Gynecology (15%).
Assuntos
Infecção Hospitalar , Hospitalização , Incidência , Controle de InfecçõesRESUMO
Evaluar efectos en la tasa proliferación epitelial corneal usando 3 procedimientos quirúrgicos diferentes. 35 conejas albinas de Nueva Zelanda fueron divididas en 4 grupos (A,B,C,D) según tratamiento quirúrgico. Se les provocó una quemadura corneal química (NaOH 1M) en el ojo izquierdo en 360°. A los 5 días se les realizó tratamiento quirúrgico que consisttió en: Grupo A: trasnplante de Membrana Amniótica humana preservada. Grupo B: injerto Autólogo Límbico combinado con membrana amniótica. Grupo C: trasplante de células epiteliales limbales cultivadas sobre membrana amniótica humana. Grupo D: Sin tratamiento quirúrgico (grupo control). Cada 72 horas se tomaron fotos digitales colocando fluoresceína sódica y procesadas con programa analizador de imágenes. Se realizó estudio histológico de las muestras con microscopia de luz. Se observó que en los grupos de tratamiento el defecto epitelial fue menor con respecto al grupo control (p<0.002). No se observaron diferencias significativas entre los diferentes tratamientos quirúrgicos. En el análisis cuantitativo de los PMN de córnea y limbo observamos que los grupos A, B y C presentan diferencias significativas con p<0.05 respecto al grupo control; sin cambios significativos en el análisis de linfocitos. Los procedimientos quirúrgicos fueron eficientes en la reducción del defecto epitelial. El transplante de células límbicas cultivadas en membrana amniótica demostró ser más favorable en cuanto a los resultados anatómicos obtenidos
Assuntos
Animais , Queimaduras Oculares , Curativos Biológicos , Células Epiteliais , Oftalmologia , VenezuelaRESUMO
OBJECT: This study addressed the integration of sensory short-term memory (SSTM) and motor planning (MP) in the lateral cerebellar region, where the dentate nucleus is localized, and in the prefrontal cortex (PF). METHODS: Boucher and Lewis's test of SSTM and MP was administered pre- and postsurgically to 8 patients of either sex, between 5 and 19 years of age, with tumors of the cerebellum, PF (area 9 medial) or the parieto-occipital region, and on one occasion to 8 corresponding controls. RESULTS: Whereas lesions of the midline portions of the cerebellum and of the parietal-occipital region did not appear to cause any cognitive defects, patients with lesions affecting either the lateral cerebellar region or PF exhibited statistically significant deficits of SSTM and MP. CONCLUSIONS: The lateral cerebellum seems to act in concert with PF to integrate different cognitive activities related to holding objects in SSTM and planning motor strategies in reference to them.