RESUMO
Shark meat is a popular protein source worldwide. However, existing national control policies for ensuring the safety and quality of shark meat are minimal. There are concerns about the sustainability of shark populations, which bioaccumulate and biomagnify potentially toxic elements at higher rates than non-predatory fish, posing a risk to human health. In this study, the contributions of essential elements to the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) and potentially toxic elements to the Reference Dose (RfD) linked to shark consumption (200 g per week) were investigated for three shark species in the Central Mexican Pacific. We estimated risks and benefits for women, children, and men. Our results suggest that the three shark species are sources of Se, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, and Zn, but poor sources of Mn for women and men aged 19-50 years. A weekly ingestion of 200 g of shark meat exceeded the RfD-As by 4-14 times and the RfD-Pb by 1.1-1.7 times for adults, indicating a potential risk to human health. The three shark species were also significant sources of potentially toxic elements for children, including Hg, Cd, Cr, and Pb. An excessive intake of Se was observed, with levels at 8.4-10.6 and 4.3-5.3 times the RDA for children aged 1-8 and 9-13 years, respectively. Although shark meat can be a good source of essential nutrients, the lack of controls in the commercialization process indicates that it should be consumed in moderation due to the potential risks associated with excessive exposure to potentially toxic elements. This caution is particularly important for children and pregnant women, who are at higher risk of health complications from consuming contaminated food.
Assuntos
Mercúrio , Metais Pesados , Tubarões , Oligoelementos , Masculino , Animais , Adulto , Criança , Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Oligoelementos/análise , Tubarões/metabolismo , Chumbo/metabolismo , Alimentos Marinhos/análise , Mercúrio/análise , Medição de Risco , Monitoramento Ambiental , Metais Pesados/análiseRESUMO
In the high Andean areas, the main economic activity is alpaca raising, which is affected by various infectious and parasitic diseases. Rural populations often resort to wild plants that have diverse properties and help control various diseases. The objective was to document the uses of wild plants in the control of alpaca diseases in the high Andean areas of the Puno and Arequipa regions. Fifty alpaca-breeding families were interviewed in five localities. Thirty-two species belonging to 16 families were reported, with the Asteraceae and Fabaceae families having the highest number of species. The most frequently treated pathologies were diarrhea, pneumonia, fever and enteric parasitosis. For diarrhea treatment, the most used plants were M. mollis, S. nutans and T. filifolia, for pneumonia were G. prostrata and G. viravira, for enteric parasitosis were B. tricuneata and L. daucifolia and for the elimination of ectoparasites (lice) was A. compacta. For all diseases, the treatment dose was higher in adults than in neonates and its application is in the rainy season. In acute disease conditions, rural families choice to drugs. Wild plants are a viable and sustainable alternative for the treatment of various diseases in alpacas.
En las zonas altoandinas la principal actividad económica es la crianza de alpacas, las mismas que son afectadas por diversas enfermedades infecciosas y parasitarias. Las poblaciones rurales frecuentemente recurren a las plantas silvestres que tienen diversas propiedades y ayudan al control de diversas enfermedades. El objetivo fue documentar los usos de las plantas silvestres en el control de enfermedades de alpacas en las zonas altoandinas de la región Puno y Arequipa. Se entrevistó a 50 familias criadoras de alpacas en cinco localidades. Se reportaron 32 especies, pertenecientes a 16 familias, siendo la familia Asteraceae y Fabaceae con mayor número de especies. Las patologías que con mayor frecuencia se tratan fueron la diarrea, neumonía, fiebre y parasitosis entérica. Para el tratamiento de diarrea, las plantas más utilizadas fueron M. mollis, S. nutans y T. filifolia, para la nuemonía fueron G. prostrata y G. viravira, para parasitosis entérica fueron B. tricuneata y L. daucifolia y para la eliminación de ectoparásitos (piojos) fue A. compacta. Para todas las enfermedades, las dosis de tratamiento fueron superior en las adultas que en las crías y su aplicación es en la época de lluvias. En condiciones agudas de las enfermedades las familias rurales recurren a los fármacos. Las plantas silvestres, son una alternativa viable y sostenible para el tratamiento de diversas enfermedades en alpacas.
Assuntos
Animais , Plantas Medicinais , Camelídeos Americanos , Doenças dos Animais/tratamento farmacológico , Medicina Tradicional , Peru , Inquéritos e Questionários , Doenças dos Animais/prevenção & controleRESUMO
For decades there have been controversies related to the changes generated by oil palm plantations in the physicochemical properties of the soil, soil biota, and ecological interactions. Therefore, the present investigation evaluated root diameter and biomass at three ages of oil palm cultivation. Besides, we evaluated the effect of the ages on the physicochemical parameters of the soil in comparison with pasture plots. To know the diameter, fresh, and dry biomass of roots, soil sampling was carried out around the oil palm (3-, 5-, and 15-years-old) at distances of 1, 2, and 3 m from the trunk plant. Also, to know the changes in the properties of the soil, the sampling was carried out randomly in the same plots and the pasture plot (control). The results showed that both the diameter and the fresh and dry root biomass increased in 15-year-old plantations compared with 3- and 5-year-old. In addition, correlation analysis and principal component analysis indicated that the parameters evaluated are associated with the adult age of the oil palm. Also, the results of soil physicochemical showed that low soil fertility was associated with an increase in the age of the palm.
RESUMO
Fluoride concentrations of 0.5 mg/L in drinking water are considered useful for dental caries prevention. However, fluoride concentrations higher than 1.2 mg/L in water can pose a risk of dental fluorosis due to high exposure to fluoride. The objective is to determine the fluoride concentration in water from aqueducts of different Colombian municipalities of Cauca (Popayán, Coconuco, and Puracé) to assess the fluoride dietary intake from the consumption of this water. A total of 66 water samples have been taken from Popayán, Coconuco, and Puracé. Fluoride content was determined by fluoride ion-selective electrode (ISE) potentiometry. The fluoride concentrations recorded in Coconuco and Puracé water were ≤ 0.002 mg/L. The mean fluoride content recorded in the Popayán water was 0.42 mg/L, with its highest concentration in Cauca River water (0.83 mg/L). Considering the admissible intake values, the water from Popayán confers remarkable fluoride intakes, especially in children with high percentages of contribution to the admissible daily intake (46.7% to 7- to 12-month children and 41.5% to 1- to 3-year children). The fluoride content in the water of Coconuco and Puracé does not reach an optimal value (< 0.5 mg/L) for the protective effect against dental caries, while the water of the main Cauca River basin does reach the optimal value. Likewise, the intake of fluoride from the consumption of the analyzed water does not confer any health risk. However, the implementation of monitoring systems for fluoride levels is recommended in order to safeguard the consumer's health.
Assuntos
Cárie Dentária , Água Potável , Fluorose Dentária , Criança , Colômbia , Monitoramento Ambiental , Fluoretos/análise , Humanos , Rios , Abastecimento de ÁguaRESUMO
Resumen Antecedentes: Las infecciones nosocomiales ocasionadas por cepas de Staphylococcus aureus resistentes a meticilina (SARM) son un problema de salud importante en todo el mundo. Este microorganismo produce una gran variedad de infecciones incluyendo osteomielitis, endocarditis invasora, artritis séptica y septicemia. S. aureus se encuentra habitualmente en piel y cavidad nasal, se disemina fácilmente a través de fómites, contacto piel-piel o contacto con fluidos nasales. Los discentes de la EMM están en contacto continuo con pacientes del Hospital Central Militar y pueden adquirir o diseminar este tipo de microorganismos. De aquí la importancia de la medicina preventiva, con el fin de valorar la frecuencia de este microorganismo y utilizar medidas sanitarias que puedan evitar su diseminación. Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de portadores de Staphylococcus aureus resistentes a meticilina (SARM) en discentes de la Escuela Militar de Medicina. Metodología: Muestras de mucosa de la cavidad nasal de discentes de la Escuela Militar de Medicina del 2do a 5to año, fueron cultivadas en agar sangre y agar sal-manitol, se seleccionaron cepas con morfología colonial y microscópica correspondiente S. aureus, se realizó pruebas de catalasa y coagulasa, cepas positivas a S. aureus fueron sometidas a antibiograma utilizando sensidiscos de oxacilina y la resistencia fue determinada a partir del diámetro en el halo de inhibición. Los discentes portadores recibieron tratamiento erradicador con mupirocina al 5% intranasal por 7 días y se tomaron nuevamente muestras para determinar la persistencia de S. aureus en la cavidad nasal. Resultados: De los 110 discentes de la Escuela Militar de Medicina a quienes se le tomó muestras 51 pacientes (46.36%) resultaron portadores positivos a S. aureus, el antibiograma con discos de oxacilina mostró una resistencia a meticilina de 12 pacientes correspondiente al 10.9%, mientras que con la terapia antibiótico erradicador con mupirocina al 5% intranasal, la presencia de S. aureus resistente a meticilina disminuyo al 0%. Conclusiones: Se obtuvo un 10.9% de discentes portadores de S. aureus resistente a meticilina, mismo que fue erradicado en su totalidad con mupirocina al 5% intranasal.
Abstract Background: Nosocomial infections caused by strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are a major health problem throughout the world. This microorganism produces a wide variety of infections including osteomyelitis, invasive endocarditis, septic arthritis, and septicemia. S. aureus is usually found in the skin and nasal cavity, it is easily spread through fomites, skin-skin contact or contact with nasal fluids. The students of the EMM are in continuous contact with patients of the Hospital Central Militar and can acquire or disseminate this type of microorganisms. Hence the importance of preventive medicine, in order to assess the frequency of this microorganism and use sanitary measures that can prevent its spread. Objective: To determine the frequency of resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriers in students of the Escuela Militar de Medicina. Methodology: Mucosa samples from the nasal cavity of students of the Escuela Militar de Medicina from the 2nd to 5th year, were cultured on blood agar and salt-mannitol agar, strains with corresponding colonial and microscopic morphology were selected S. aureus, tests were performed of catalase and coagulase, positive strains of S. aureus were subjected to antibiogram using oxacillin sensitives and the resistance was determined from the diameter in the inhibition zone. Student carriers received eradicating treatment with intranasal 5% mupirocin for 7 days and samples were taken again to determine the persistence of S. aureus in the nasal cavity. Results: Of the 110 students of the Escuela Militar de Medicina who were sampled 51 patients (46.36%) were positive carriers to S. aureus, the antibiogram with oxacillin discs showed a resistance to methicillin of 12 patients corresponding to 10.9%, while that with antibiotic eradication therapy with 5% intranasal mupirocin, the presence of resistant S. aureus Methicillin decreased to 0%. Conclusions: A 10.9% of students carriers of resistant S. aureus methicillin were obtained, which was eradicated in its entirety with 5% intranasal mupirocin.
RESUMO
Metal pollution in the marine environment can damage places with exceptional biodiversity such as the Galapagos Islands. For this reason, it is important to evaluate the toxic risk from metals derived from fish consumption and to perform a nutritional assessment. We sampled 20 individuals of demersal (Caulolatilus princeps and Mycteroperca olfax) and pelagic (Thunnus albacares and Seriolella violacea) species. The levels of the toxic elements (Al, B, Ba, Cd, Ni, Pb and Sr), and the macroelements, microelements and trace elements (Ca, Cr, Fe, K, Li, Mn, Mo, Mg, Na, V and Zn) of species muscle tissue were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Spectrometry (ICP-OES). Demersal species have higher concentrations of Cr, K, Mg and Mo; while pelagic species have higher levels of Zn. M. olfax could potentially cause Cd toxicity so it is recommended not to ingest more than 86 and 73 g of this species (i.e. roughly, one serving) per week for men and women, respectively. None of the species could be marketed in Europe and the USA due to Cd level exceed the allowed limits by EFSA and FAO. Furthermore, the dietary intake of C. princeps is recommended due to its high concentration of Ca, Na, K, Mg and Cr, while T. albacares is recommended for people with Zn deficiency. However, due to the Cd level in C. princeps it is not recommended to ingest more than five servings per week. We attribute the source of metals in the studied fish from the volcanic origin of the islands rather than from human pollution. This is the first study that thoroughly estimate concentration of metals in commercial fish species and its contribution to food security in the Galapagos.
Assuntos
Metais Pesados , Oligoelementos , Animais , Equador , Europa (Continente) , Feminino , Segurança Alimentar , Humanos , Masculino , Metais/toxicidade , Metais Pesados/análise , Medição de Risco , Oligoelementos/análiseRESUMO
Water for human consumption is the main source of fluoride exposure. The concentration in water should not exceed 1 mg/L of fluoride since, at higher levels; it increases the risk of dental fluorosis, among other adverse effects. The fluoride content of 149 water samples from different aqueducts in Cauca (Colombia) has been determined by ion exchange chromatography with the aim of fluoride risk assessment. The rural area of the Municipality of Santander de Quilichao registered fluoride concentrations between 0.012 and 0.150 mg/L. The urban area of Santander de Quilichao recorded lower fluoride levels than the rural area (0.027-0.068 mg/L). The urban area of the Municipality of Cajibío registered fluoride levels of 0.082-0.186 mg/L. The highest levels of fluoride were found in Timbío (0.121-0.210 mg/L). The fluoride levels recorded in this study are not considered sufficient to trigger dental fluorosis. Likewise, optimal levels are not considered to protect the child population against dental caries. However, a monitoring plan of fluoride concentrations in water should be implemented to assure the quality and safe of the water.
Assuntos
Cárie Dentária , Fluorose Dentária , Criança , Cromatografia por Troca Iônica , Colômbia , Fluoretos/análise , Fluorose Dentária/epidemiologia , Fluorose Dentária/etiologia , Humanos , Prevalência , Água , Abastecimento de ÁguaRESUMO
The objective is to evaluate thermal comfort in the rural highlands of Peru and determine if thermal conditions influence the risk of respiratory infections. The probit regression model is used for this, with the unit of analysis being adults over 60 years of age. The information source is the data from the National Household Survey and the National Service of Meteorology and Hydrology of Peru. In addition, it was possible to monitor the temperature and the interior relative humidity of 4types of bedrooms with a thermo-hygrometer and compared it with the desired thermal comfort index criterion. The results show that if the air temperature drops on average by one degree (1° C) in the area of residence, the probability of risk of respiratory infections in older adults increases by 0.18, although the relative humidity and the wind speed were not statistically significant at 1% significance level. Finally, the 4types of bedrooms evaluated lacked the desired thermal comfort and increased the risk of acquiring respiratory infections.
Assuntos
Altitude , Umidade , Infecções Respiratórias , Temperatura , Idoso , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Peru/epidemiologia , Infecções Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , VentoRESUMO
Fluoride has been considered as the single factor most frequently responsible for causing enamel mottling. However, in humans, either endogenous and/or exogenous factors not related to fluoride exposure may also cause enamel mottling. In this sense, various studies in the international literature have reported severe mottling of the teeth that could not be attributed to fluoride exposure. Thus, misdiagnosis of non-fluoride-induced enamel defects may occur frequently. Reports of unexpectedly high population prevalence and individual cases of fluorosis, where such diagnoses are irreconcilable with the identified fluoride history, highlight the necessity for a more precise definition and diagnosis of dental fluorosis. Also, a more discriminating diagnostic procedure is suggested. Particularly, positive identification of environmental fluoride levels to which the communities and individuals are exposed shall be developed before the confirmation of a diagnosis of fluorosis. It is considered that a more critical methodology for the diagnosis of fluorosis will be helpful in the rational use and control of fluorides for dental health, and in the identification of factors that may induce enamel defects.
Assuntos
Intoxicação por Flúor , Fluorose Dentária , Erros de Diagnóstico , Fluoretos , Fluorose Dentária/diagnóstico , Fluorose Dentária/epidemiologia , Humanos , PrevalênciaRESUMO
Resumen La finalidad es analizar la inteligencia emocional percibida en estudiantes universitarios. Se trata de un diseño metodológico correlacional correspondiente a un diseño ex post facto, de carácter retrospectivo y comparativo. La muestra está compuesta por un total de 175 sujetos de tercer y cuarto curso del Grado de Educación Social. Se muestra la existencia de diferencias en la inteligencia emocional atendiendo al sexo en cuanto a la atención y la regulación emocional, en las que las mujeres poseen puntuaciones más altas. En el caso de la edad, también existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto a la regulación emocional, en la que obtienen puntuaciones más altas el alumnado cuyas edades se sitúan hasta los 20 años.
Abstract The purpose is to analyze the emotional intelligence perceived in university students. This is a correlational methodological design corresponding to an ex post facto design of retrospective and comparative. The sample is made up of a total of 175 subjects in the third and fourth year of a Social Education Degree. This work shows the existence of differences in emotional intelligence based on sex in terms of attention and emotional regulation, in which women have higher scores. In the case of age, there are also statistically significant differences in terms of emotional regulation, in which students whose ages are up to 20 obtain higher scores.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Estudantes , Universidades , Inteligência Emocional , EspanhaRESUMO
Los implantes dentales se han colocado en sitios de extracción cicatrizados mediante un procedimiento quirúrgico en dos etapas para un periodo de tres a seis meses sin carga. Sin embargo, los pacientes esperan ser rehabilitados lo antes posible, especialmente los pacientes sometidos a restauraciones estéticas en el maxilar anterior. Después de la colocación del implante, la fabricación de la restauración temporal y la carga del implante dentro de las 48 horas se denominan carga inmediata. Esto acorta el tiempo del tratamiento, ya que requiere menos intervenciones quirúrgicas, reduce la pérdida ósea crestal periimplantaria, conduce a la preservación de la morfología de los tejidos blandos y mejora la estética. En este artículo se hablará del caso clínico de un paciente femenino de 44 años de edad que presentaba pérdida del órgano dentario 21. Se realizó valoración periodontal, radiográfica y tomográfica de este órgano dentario, se colocó implante con la utilización de guía quirúrgica y protésica acrílica termocurable, se realizó carga inmediata, el provisional fue conformado con contorno subgingival cóncavo y se toman en cuenta criterios de contorno crítico y subcrítico para el desarrollo ideal del perfil de emergencia. En las citas de valoración se encontraron los tejidos periimplantales estables y la paciente no refirió sintomatología (AU)
Dental implants have been placed in scarred extraction sites by a twostage surgical procedure for a period of three to six months without load. However, patients expect to be rehabilitated as soon as possible, especially patients undergoing esthetic restorations in the anterior maxilla. After implant placement, the fabrication of the temporary restoration and implant loading within 48 hours are called immediate loading. This shortens the time of treatment, beacause it requires fewer surgical interventions, reduces peri-implant crestal bone loss, leads to the preservation of soft tissue morphology and improves aesthetics. In this article we will discuss the clinical case of a 44-year-old female patient who had lost the dental organ 21. Periodontal, radiographic and tomographic assessment of this dental organ was performed, an implant was placed with the use of surgical guide and acrylic prosthesis thermocurable, immediate loading was performed, the provisional was formed with a concave subgingival contour and critical and subcritical contour criteria were taken into account for the ideal development of the emergence profile. In the assessment appointments stable periimplant tissues were found and the patient did not report symptoms (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Dente Suporte , Implantes Dentários para Um Único Dente , Estética Dentária , Carga Imediata em Implante Dentário , Prótese Dentária Fixada por Implante , Gengiva , Retração Gengival/terapia , MéxicoRESUMO
Introducción: La violencia escolar puede manifestarse a través de distintas maneras o tipos. Objetivos. El objetivo de este trabajo es definir e identificar cuáles son los tipos de violencia escolar identificados en mayor medida. Así como analizar la relación positiva o negativa que poseen las distintas dimensiones de la Inteligencia Emocional en esta identificación. Método: Se trata de un estudio de tipo transversal que pretende analizar la prevalencia de distintas variables recopiladas en un periodo de tiempo concreto a partir de futuros educadores. La muestra está compuesta por un total de 175 estudiantes de tercer y cuarto curso del Grado de Educación Social. Para ello se han empleado dos cuestionarios: el Cuestionario de Violencia Escolar Revisado (CUVE-R) y el Trait Meta Mood Scale-24 (TMMS-24). Resultados: El tipo de violencia identificado en mayor medida por la muestra se corresponde con la violencia del profesorado hacia el alumnado. Conclusiones: Se puede concluir en que la Inteligencia Emocional posee una alta influencia en la percepción de este tipo de violencia, siendo la disrupción en el aula la más identificada.
Introduction: School violence can be manifested itself through different ways or types. Objectives. The aim of this work is to define and identify which are the types of school violence that university students identify the most. As well as analysing the positive or negative relationship that the different dimensions of Emotional Intelligence have over identifying different types of school violence. Method: This is a cross-sectional study that aims to analyse the prevalence of different variables collected in a specific period of time from future educators. The sample consists of 175 Social Education degree students in third and fourth grade. To this effect, two questionnaires have been used: The School Violence Questionnaire Revised (CUVE-R) and the Trait Meta Mood Scale-24 (TMMS-24). Results: The main result of this work highlights the fact that the most identified type of violence corresponds to teacher violence against students. Conclusions: It can be concluded that Emotional Intelligence has a high influence on the perception of this type of violence, with disruption in the classroom being the most identified.
RESUMO
Adolescence is a critical stage of development and has an important influence on energy balance-related behaviours (EBRBs). When adolescents are associated with obesity it can lead to increased cardiometabolic risk. Here we assess if EBRBs adopted by adolescents included in a subsample are associated with markers of total and abdominal adiposity in a multicentre European study, Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA-CSS) and a Brazilian study, Brazilian Cardiovascular Adolescent Health (BRACAH study), and whether sleep duration influence the association between skipping breakfast, physical activity and sedentary behaviours, with total and abdominal obesity (AO). Multilevel linear regression models using fixed and random intercepts were used to analyse the association between markers of obesity and EBRBs. Skipping breakfast was the prevalent behaviour in association with obesity among European and Brazilian boys besides European girls, even after stratification by sleep time. Moreover, European boys who slept properly and skipped breakfast had an increased waist circumference (WC), while body mass index (BMI) increased in Brazilian boys. Among Brazilian boys less sleep was protective for total obesity (ß = -0.93 kg/m2; 95% CI: -1.80; -0.07). European girls when they were more sedentary, showed an increase in WC, especially for those who reported they slept adequately. Skipping breakfast was associated with total and AO in adolescents independent of sleep duration.
Assuntos
Adiposidade/fisiologia , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Desjejum , Sono/fisiologia , Adolescente , Comportamento do Adolescente , Brasil , Criança , Metabolismo Energético/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Obesidade Abdominal/fisiopatologia , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Few studies are focused on the quality of life (QOL) of primary caregivers and the effects of the clinical variables of epilepsy and patient psychiatric comorbidity on primary caregivers. PURPOSE: Our main objective was to describe QOL and level of burden (LB) in caregivers of people with epilepsy (PWE) at a tertiary-care hospital in Mexico City. A secondary purpose was to determine if LB and QOL were different between caregivers of patients with neuropsychiatric comorbidity and caregivers of patients without neuropsychiatric comorbidity. METHODS: One hundred and fifty-one caregivers of PWE were assessed with the short version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) scale (WHOQOL-BREF) and the Zarit Burden Interview. Patients' clinical and demographic data, along with their psychiatric histories, were collected. RESULTS: One hundred and twelve patients had psychiatric comorbidity. The mean LB score of the caregivers was 26.25±16.28. The mean scores for the WHOQOL-BREF domains were as follows: physical health, 47.8±10.7; psychological health, 55.4±11.5; social relationships, 47.23±18.6; and environment, 48.7±11.6. The caregivers of patients with psychiatric comorbidity had lower scores in the domains of psychological health (p=0.034) and social relationships (p=0.029) compared with caregivers of PWE without comorbidity. On adjusted multivariate analysis, aggressiveness (p=0.008), age at onset of epilepsy (p=0.02), and years with epilepsy (p=0.01) were associated with higher caregiver LB scores; higher caregiver years of education were associated with better psychological health (p=0.002) and more years with epilepsy (p=0.03) with lower QOL scores. CONCLUSION: Aggressive behavior was the psychiatric comorbidity most clearly associated with lower QOL and higher LB. Longer duration of epilepsy was related to higher burden and lower QOL. More years of education of the caregiver were associated with better QOL. We found no significant correlation between seizure control and QOL or LB.
Assuntos
Cuidadores/psicologia , Epilepsia/psicologia , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Qualidade de Vida , Adaptação Psicológica , Adulto , Agressão/psicologia , Análise de Variância , Comorbidade , Efeitos Psicossociais da Doença , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Transtornos Mentais/etiologia , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Convulsões , Inquéritos e Questionários , Organização Mundial da SaúdeRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic utility of routine gastric biopsies taken at random versus targeted biopsies with methylene blue staining for the diagnosis of intestinal metaplasia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a validation study in 376 patients. We performed 2 antral biopsies, 2 gastric body biopsies, 1 biopsy for urease test and additional biopsies if demanded. One hundred and one patients underwent 2 biopsies after methylene blue staining. A total of 1,486 biopsies were analyzed. Frequencies of histological and endoscopic diagnosis and the validation of endoscopic diagnosis of intestinal metaplasia with and without staining against histology, which followed updated Sydney and Vienna criteria, were determined RESULTS: Metaplasia was found in 37.23% ofcases and in 6.38% was incomplete in antrum and body, moderate or severe. The endoscopic diagnosis had: sensitivity 46%, specificity 91%, positive predictive value (PPV) 75% and negative predictive value (NPV) 74%. The low sensitivity indicates the need for gastric biopsies. Staining had: sensitivity 95%, specificity 67%, PPV 84% and NPV 89%, with significant difference for staining (P < 0.05). The typical endoscopic appearance of intestinal metaplasia always coincided with staining and histology. Dysplasia was found in 0.53% ofcases, gastric cancer in 1.8% and Helicobacter pylori in 56%. CONCLUSION: Directed biopsy staining is superior to those taken at random for diagnosing metaplasia. Metaplasia was not found when endoscopy was normal and typical endoscopic appearance of metaplasia agreed with staining and histology.
Assuntos
Mucosa Gástrica/patologia , Mucosa Intestinal/patologia , Azul de Metileno , Biópsia/métodos , Endoscopia Gastrointestinal/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Metaplasia/patologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Prospectivos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Coloração e Rotulagem/métodosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic utility of routine gastric biopsies taken at random versus targeted biopsies with methylene blue staining for the diagnosis of intestinal metaplasia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a validation study in 376 patients. We performed 2 antral biopsies, 2 gastric body biopsies, 1 biopsy for urease test and additional biopsies if demanded. One hundred and one patients underwent 2 biopsies after methylene blue staining. A total of 1,486 biopsies were analyzed. Frequencies of histological and endoscopic diagnosis and the validation of endoscopic diagnosis of intestinal metaplasia with and without staining against histology, which followed updated Sydney and Vienna criteria, were determined RESULTS: Metaplasia was found in 37.23
ofcases and in 6.38
was incomplete in antrum and body, moderate or severe. The endoscopic diagnosis had: sensitivity 46
, specificity 91
, positive predictive value (PPV) 75
and negative predictive value (NPV) 74
. The low sensitivity indicates the need for gastric biopsies. Staining had: sensitivity 95
, specificity 67
, PPV 84
and NPV 89
, with significant difference for staining (P < 0.05). The typical endoscopic appearance of intestinal metaplasia always coincided with staining and histology. Dysplasia was found in 0.53
ofcases, gastric cancer in 1.8
and Helicobacter pylori in 56
. CONCLUSION: Directed biopsy staining is superior to those taken at random for diagnosing metaplasia. Metaplasia was not found when endoscopy was normal and typical endoscopic appearance of metaplasia agreed with staining and histology.
Assuntos
Mucosa Gástrica/patologia , Mucosa Intestinal/patologia , Azul de Metileno/diagnóstico , Biópsia/métodos , Endoscopia Gastrointestinal/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Metaplasia/patologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Prospectivos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Coloração e Rotulagem/métodosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic utility of routine gastric biopsies taken at random versus targeted biopsies with methylene blue staining for the diagnosis of intestinal metaplasia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a validation study in 376 patients. We performed 2 antral biopsies, 2 gastric body biopsies, 1 biopsy for urease test and additional biopsies if demanded. One hundred and one patients underwent 2 biopsies after methylene blue staining. A total of 1,486 biopsies were analyzed. Frequencies of histological and endoscopic diagnosis and the validation of endoscopic diagnosis of intestinal metaplasia with and without staining against histology, which followed updated Sydney and Vienna criteria, were determined RESULTS: Metaplasia was found in 37.23
ofcases and in 6.38
was incomplete in antrum and body, moderate or severe. The endoscopic diagnosis had: sensitivity 46
. The low sensitivity indicates the need for gastric biopsies. Staining had: sensitivity 95
, with significant difference for staining (P < 0.05). The typical endoscopic appearance of intestinal metaplasia always coincided with staining and histology. Dysplasia was found in 0.53
ofcases, gastric cancer in 1.8
and Helicobacter pylori in 56
. CONCLUSION: Directed biopsy staining is superior to those taken at random for diagnosing metaplasia. Metaplasia was not found when endoscopy was normal and typical endoscopic appearance of metaplasia agreed with staining and histology.
Assuntos
Azul de Metileno/diagnóstico , Mucosa Gástrica/patologia , Mucosa Intestinal/patologia , Biópsia/métodos , Coloração e Rotulagem/métodos , Endoscopia Gastrointestinal/métodos , Estudos Prospectivos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Metaplasia/patologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether birth weight is associated with handgrip strength and cardiovascular fitness in adolescence and, if so, how these associations are influenced by current body composition. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 1801 adolescents (983 females), age 13 to 18.5 years, from the AVENA (Alimentación y Valoración del Estado Nutricional de los Adolescentes Españoles [Food and Assessment of the Nutritional Status of Spanish Adolescents]) study were evaluated. Handgrip strength and cardiovascular fitness were assessed using the handgrip test and the 20-m shuttle run test, respectively. RESULTS: Birth weight was positively associated with handgrip strength in females after controlling for current age, gestational age, breast-feeding, and adolescent body mass index (P = .002), body fat percentage (P < .001), or waist circumference (P = .005), but not after controlling for fat-free mass. The associations were similar yet weaker in males. Females with high birth weight (>90th percentile) had greater handgrip strength than those with normal (10th to 90th percentile) or low (<10th percentile) birth weight, after adjusting for body fat percentage (P = .004). All of the differences became nonsignificant after adjusting for adolescent fat-free mass. Birth weight was not associated with cardiovascular fitness. CONCLUSIONS: High birth weight is associated with greater handgrip strength in adolescents, especially in females, yet these associations seem to be highly explained by fat-free mass.
Assuntos
Peso ao Nascer , Aptidão Física/fisiologia , Adolescente , Composição Corporal , Índice de Massa Corporal , Fenômenos Fisiológicos Cardiovasculares , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Força Muscular/fisiologia , Nascimento a TermoRESUMO
UNLABELLED: Information about HCV genotypes in infected patients from different regions of Mexico is limited. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of HCV genotypes in a group of HCV infected patients who attended a third level Hospital in Northeast of Mexico. METHODS: Genotyping analysis was performed using the InnoLiPA-HCV genotype assay in 147 patients (65 males and 82 females, mean age 44 +/- 12 years) with positive anti-HCV antibodies and detectable HCV-RNA levels. RESULTS: Infected individuals were more likely to be female (56%). Histological data showed that 63% of the patients had chronic hepatitis, while the remainder presented cirrhosis (37%). The most frequent HCV genotype was 1 (73%). We found the following distribution: genotype 1 (2.7%), 1a (28.6%), 1b (37.4%), 1a/1b (4.1%), 2a (1.4%), 2b (8.8%), 2c (0.7%), 2a/2c (2.7%), 3 (2%), 3a (10.2%), 4 (0.7%) and 4c (0.7%). The most frequent associated risk factor was blood transfusion (72.5%). CONCLUSION: Prevalence of HCV genotypes in the Northeast of Mexico is similar to those reported previously in other Mexican regions and the most frequent risk factor continues being blood transfusion.
Assuntos
Hepacivirus/genética , Hepatite C/epidemiologia , Hepatite C/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Genótipo , Hepacivirus/classificação , Hepatite C/transmissão , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite C/sangue , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , RNA Viral/sangue , Fatores de Risco , Reação TransfusionalRESUMO
In spite of all the advances in sport nutrition and the importance of an adequate food intake in order to improve sport performance, both recreational and professional athletes forget frequently to include planning an optimum diet and fluid intake in their global strategy for performance. Physiological and metabolic adaptations produced as a consequence of physical exercise lead to the necessity of increasing caloric (in accordance to energy output) and protein (based on the trophic needs of the organism) intake. Likewise, paying major attention to vitamin and mineral intake, specifically B vitamins and zinc and chromium, is required, in order to optimize carbohydrate metabolism, the ultimate limiting factor for sport performance. During the training phase, 60 of calories should come from carbohydrates, protein intake should be 1.2-2 g/kg/day and athletes should follow the recommendations of the food guide pyramid. During the pre-, per- and post-competition phase the healthy aspect of the diet passes to a second level, in order to obtain good sport performance and to guarantee a fast and effective recovery. Again, carbohydrates with a high or medium glycaemic index and water are the nutrients which have to be calculated more thoroughly. In conclusion, athletes have to follow a diet that is adequate to their higher energy output and to their higher metabolic turnover. The food guide pyramid is a graphic expression which facilitates the comprehension and following of a healthy diet. In the present article, the authors introduce the pyramid adapted to the characteristics of sports nutrition, with easy-to-follow practical recommendations regarding the kind and amounts of foodstuffs that should be consumed in order to cover nutrient needs of people who exercise regularly.