RESUMO

Pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) is a nitrate ester explosive that may be persistent with scarce reports on its environmental fate and impacts. Our main objective was to isolate and characterize bacteria that transform PETN under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Biotransformation of PETN (100 mg L-1) was evaluated using mineral medium with (M + C) and without (M - C) additional carbon sources under aerobic conditions and with additional carbon sources under anaerobic conditions. Here, we report on the isolation of 12 PETN-transforming cultures (4 pure and 8 co-cultures) from environmental samples collected at an explosive manufacturing plant. The highest transformation of PETN was observed for cultures in M + C under aerobic conditions, reaching up to 91% ± 2% in 2 d. Under this condition, PETN biotransformation was observed in conjunction with the release of nitrites and bacterial growth. No substantial transformation of PETN (<45%) was observed during 21 d in M - C under aerobic conditions. Under anaerobic conditions, five cultures could transform PETN (up to 52% ± 13%) as the sole nitrogen source, concurrent with the formation of two unidentified metabolites. PETN-transforming cultures belonged to Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. In conclusion, we isolated 12 PETN-transforming cultures belonging to diverse taxa, suggesting that PETN transformation is phylogenetically widespread.

Assuntos

RESUMO

El cáncer de mama sigue siendo la neoplasia maligna más frecuente y una de las mortales en mujeres, considerándose un importante objetivo de la salud global y prioridad en salud pública. Con el uso de terapias innovadoras, ha mejorado la supervivencia, apareciendo condiciones asociadas, como el síndrome genitourinario menopaúsico. La terapia hormonal, se utiliza para el manejo de esta condición, mejorando sustancialmente la sintomatología, e incluso, siendo en algunos casos la única solución. La más utilizada, es la terapia de estrógenos vaginales. Sin embargo, se ha descrito un posible riesgo de recurrencia de cáncer de mama con su uso. En habla hispana, no existe evidencia que haya discutido este tópico. Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda en las bases PubMed, ScienceDirect y MEDLINE, utilizando los términos "Terapia de estrógenos vaginales", "Recurrencia" y "Cáncer de mama". Se encontró, que, de forma global, la terapia de estrógenos vaginales es una opción terapéutica eficaz y segura en el manejo del síndrome genitourinario menopaúsico en mujeres con antecedente de cáncer de mama, sin incrementar el riesgo de recurrencia, a excepción de aquellas tratadas con inhibidores de la aromatasa, en quienes se recomienda el uso de otras terapias para evitar acarrear este riesgo.

Breast cancer remains the most common malignant neoplasm and one of the leading causes of mortality in women, making it a significant target for global health efforts and a public health priority. Through the use of innovative therapies, survival rates have improved, leading to the emergence of associated conditions such as genitourinary menopausal syndrome. Hormonal therapy is employed for managing this condition, significantly alleviating its symptoms and, in some cases, serving as the sole solution. The most commonly utilized approach is vaginal estrogen therapy. Nevertheless, there have been reports of a potential risk of breast cancer recurrence associated with its use. In the Spanish-speaking context, there is limited evidence discussing this topic. A search was conducted across PubMed, ScienceDirect, and MEDLINE databases, using the terms "Vaginal Estrogen Therapy", "Recurrence" and "Breast Cancer." It was determined that, on a global scale, vaginal estrogen therapy is an effective and safe therapeutic option for managing genitourinary menopausal syndrome in women with a history of breast cancer. This therapy does not appear to increase the risk of recurrence, with the exception of those undergoing treatment with aromatase inhibitors. For these individuals, alternative therapies are recommended to mitigate this potential risk.

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: We describe the database of trees and shrubs of tropical dry forest patches of the Magdalena upper river basin in Colombia, preserved in the Herbarium of Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales. The dataset includes 211 taxa, from which 156 were identified to species. We reported 48 families and 137 genera. The most species rich and abundant families were Fabaceae and Rubiaceae and the most abundant species was Talisia stricta (Sapindaceae). We found differences in diversity between north and south zones of the study area. NEW INFORMATION: The Magdalena river upper watershed region is an important tropical dry forest conservation area. Twenty nine species and 4 genera recorded in this study have not been reported in previous reviews of the region. Additionally, Oxandra espintana is reported in literature as critically endangered and Aspidosperma polyneuron is reported as endangered, but there are no studies about their conservation status in the region. Our results suggest the strong need to develop additional inventories of plants that contribute to the knowledge of the plant diversity of this ecosystem in the region and studies of their conservation status.

RESUMO

Oligodendrogliomas (OGD) are glial tumors, together with mixed oligoastrocytoma constituting 5-20% of all gliomas, which occur predominantly in younger populations and are managed with surgery and chemotherapy with good long-term prognosis after treatment and additionally present with low rates of metastases. We present the case of a 46-year-old patient with intracranial right frontal subcortical OGD [World Health Organisation (WHO) grade II] managed at the Neurosurgery Department in Foscal Clinic, Floridablanca, Colombia. Two years after brain surgery the patient presents with neurological symptomatology suggestive of spinal cord compression and is found to have a neoplastic lesion with extra medullary compressive strength on the conus medullary and wrapping all of the roots with the final report of pathology and immunohistochemistry indicating: OGD (WHO grade III), this lesion was the only one found, the brain studies shows any residual tumor or recurrence in the primary tumor site.

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: We investigated whether individualized positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) improves oxygenation, ventilation, and lung mechanics during one-lung ventilation compared with standardized PEEP. METHODS: Thirty patients undergoing thoracic surgery were randomly allocated to the study or control group. Both groups received an alveolar recruitment maneuver at the beginning and end of one-lung ventilation. After the alveolar recruitment maneuver, the control group had their lungs ventilated with a 5 cm·H2O PEEP, while the study group had their lungs ventilated with an individualized PEEP level determined by a PEEP decrement trial. Arterial blood samples, lung mechanics, and volumetric capnography were recorded at multiple timepoints throughout the procedure. RESULTS: The individualized PEEP values in study group were higher than the standardized PEEP values (10 ± 2 vs 5 cm·H2O; P < 0.001). In both groups, arterial oxygenation decreased when bilateral-lung ventilation was switched to one-lung ventilation and increased after the alveolar recruitment maneuver. During one-lung ventilation, oxygenation was maintained in the study group but decreased in the control group. After one-lung ventilation, arterial oxygenation was significantly higher in the study group (306 vs 231 mm·Hg, P = 0.007). Static compliance decreased in both groups when bilateral-lung ventilation was switched to one-lung ventilation. Static compliance increased significantly only in the study group (P < 0.001) after the alveolar recruitment maneuver and optimal PEEP adjustment. The alveolar recruitment maneuver did not decrease cardiac index in any patient. CONCLUSIONS: During one-lung ventilation, the improvements in oxygenation and lung mechanics after an alveolar recruitment maneuver were better preserved by ventilation by using individualized PEEP with a PEEP decrement trial than with a standardized 5 cm·H2O of PEEP.

Assuntos

RESUMO

En la presente revisión bibliográfica se hace referencia del ácido fólico, vitamina perteneciente al complejo B,cuya ingestión en etapa preconcepcional contribuye a la prevención de defectos congénitos y otros problemas relacionados con la salud del ser humano. El Ácido Fólico (AF) es necesario para la formación de proteínas estructurales y hemoglobina. La deficiencia de AF es la condición en que cuerpo carece de reservas adecuadas de vitamina B9. Durante toda la gestación se debe ingerir AF, debido al continuo proceso de crecimiento y desarrollo del embrión y feto, donde el AF participa en la metilación del ADN, proceso imprescindible para la constante división y crecimiento celular. El cierre de neuroporos del tubo neural ocurre antes que finalice el primer mes de embarazo. Cuando la mujer se da cuenta que está embarazada, las consecuencias de una dieta deficiente en AF ya habrán mostrado sus consecuencias, provocando varias deformaciones congénitas denominadas malformaciones por Defectos de cierre del Tubo Neural (DTN). La ingesta de AF debe recomendarse en toda la vida reproductiva de la mujer (pubertad-antes de menopausia), esto evita el aumento de la homocisteína; productor importante de DTN...

Assuntos

RESUMO

Se reporta el caso de la identificación del cuerpo de una mujer adulta mayor, en un municipio de Cundinamarca (Colombia). La señora había sido declarada desaparecida por su familia 15 días antes de ser hallado su cuerpo, el cual se encontró en reducción esquelética. Debido a las características de inmutabilidad, perennidad, individualidad, diversidad y por su localización dentro de la cavidad oral, las rugas palatinas pudieron ser usadas para realizar una comparación entre los modelos obtenidos del remanente palatino del cuerpo y el modelo obtenido de la prótesis aportada por los familiares. De este modo se logró una identificación positiva por medio del uso de la rugoscopia como herramienta de identificación en odontología forense.

The case of the identification of the body of a greater adult woman is reported, in a municipality of Cundinamarca (Colombia). The lady had been declared disappeared by her family 15 days before being found her body, which was in skeletal reduction. Due to the characteristics unchangeable, enduring, individuality, diversity and by their location within the oral cavity, palatal rugae could be used to make a comparison between the obtained models of the palatal surplus of the body and the obtained model of the prosthesis contributed by the relatives. This way a positive identification by means of the use of the Rugoscopia like tool of identification in forensic dentistry was obtained.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are multifactorial diseases with a genetic background. Genes related to the innate immune response have been observed to be involved. Polymorphisms of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and CARD15/NOD2 are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). There is no information about the frequency of these polymorphisms in South American and Chilean populations. Aim. To investigate the distribution of CARD15/NOD2 (Arg702Trp, Gly908Arg and Leu1007fsinsC) and TLR4 (Asp299Gly) polymorphisms in Chilean patients with IBD. Methods. DNA was obtained from 22 CD, 22 UC patients and 20 healthy individuals. Genotyping was performed by allele-specific PCR and by PCR-RFLP analysis. Clinical and demographic features were characterized. Results. Among the CD patients, the clinical pattern was deemed inflammatory in 14, while five had penetrating and five stricturing, variants. One patient had esophageal involvement, five perianal, seven ileal and in 16 the colon was involved. Among the UC patients, two had proctitis, two proctosigmoiditis, four left-sided colitis and 14 pancolitis. NOD2/CARD15 analysis revealed the presence of the 702Trp allele in two CD patients (both heterozygotes), 1007fsinsC in one CD patient (heterozygote) while 908Arg was found in one UC patient. The 299Gly TLR4 allele was identified in one UC and one CD patient. Conclusion. This genetic study shows that the alleles frequently associated with IBD (1007fsinsC, 908Arg and 702Trp in NOD2/CARD15 and 299Gly TLR4) have a low incidence in Chilean, IBD patients, which is similar to European populations. It is possible that, in addition to environmental factors, other genetic polymorphisms may be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease in Chilean, IBD patients.

Assuntos

RESUMO

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue investigar los efectos de la anestesia con Enflurano e Isoflurano en ratones con niveles hepáticos de citocromo P-450 (CYP) disminuidos o aumentados. Los animales previamente tratados con alilisopropil-acetamida(AIA) (350 mg/Kg), agente destructor del CYP o con Imidazol (400 mg/Kg) como inductor, recibieron una única dosis de los anestésicos ( 1mL/Kg). En el grupo que recibió AIA, los niveles de CYP permanecieron reducidos aún después de la anestesia. Sin embargo, los anestésicos revirtieron el aumento del CYP provocado por Imidazol. La actividad de la isoforma CYP2E1 se indujo en los grupos que recibieron los anestésicos, siendo mayor por la acción conjunta de imidazol y Enflurano, esto indicaría un aumento en la metabolización de este anestésico. En Animales tratados con Imidazol, el Isoflurano revirtió parcaialmente la inhibición de las actividades de B-glucuronidasa y sulfatasa producidas por dicho xenobiótico. Ambos anestésicos causaron una reducción en la actividad de triptofano pirrolasa en el grupo que recibió Imidazol pero no en los tratados con AIA. En conclusión, la acción de los anestésicos Enflurano e Isoflurano sobre el sistema metabolizante de drogas dependería de que el CYP esté inducido o no y del anestésico estudiado a pesar de su similitud estructural.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Se presenta un estudio descriptivo no experimental que tuvo como objetivo comprobar la utilidad de la musicoterapia para mejorar hábitos de higiene oral en niños con edades entre 3 y 13 años, y porcentajes de placa bacteriana superiores al 40 por ciento. El muestreo fue por conveniencia y constó de 40 niños, 20 del grupo experimental, 20 del grupo de control. Mediante una encuesta y controles de placa bacteriana, se obtuvo información sobre la preferencia musical y los conocimientos de higiene oral del grupo. Se compusieron 4 canciones con letras referentes a educación e higiene oral de acuerdo con la preferencias musicales de los niños, con las cuales se aplicó el método de Orff haciendo rondas donde los niños dramatizaron la canción. Al final de cada sesión se hicieron controles de placa bacteriana con el fin de analizar los resultados y reforzar las técnicas de higiene oral para cada niño. .

Assuntos

RESUMO

En Costa Rica existe una gran cantidad de servicios de alimentación pública distribuidos a lo largo del país y son muchas las personas que consumen alimentos en ellos diariamente. El Clostridium perfringens es una bacteria asociada a un cuadro de toxiinfección alimentaria relacionado, principalmente, con la ingesta de productos cárnicos mantenidos por largo tiempo a temperaturas por debajo de 70ºC. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los servicios de alimentación pública que utilizan baños de maría para mantener este tipo de preparaciones calientes, con el fin de establecer la presencia de C.perfringens en carne cocida de res; además de evaluar la capacidad enterotoxigénica de las cepas aisladas. Se analizaron 81 muestras de carne cocinada de res provenientes de 27 establecimientos de alimentación pública ubicados en el Cantón Central de San José. Se utilizó la metodología descrita por Labbé y Harmon para el aislamiento de esta bacteria en 10g de muestra. Además se determinó la capacidad enterotoxigénica de las cepas mediante una prueba de aglutinación reversa pasiva con látex de la casa Oxoid. De los 27 servicios de alimentación pública analizados, ocho (30 por ciento) resultaron positivos en una o dos ocasiones

Assuntos