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BACKGROUND: Jomar et al. demonstrated that death due to COVID-19 did not affect the time under exclusive palliative care among patients with advanced cancer, even during the first year of the pandemic caused by a hitherto little-known disease. BACKGROUND: ◼ Fatality due to COVID-19 does not alter the time under oncological palliative care. BACKGROUND: ◼ The retrospective design of this pioneering study allows causal inference. BACKGROUND: ◼ Access to oncological palliative care frequently approaches terminality of life. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at investigating the extent to which COVID-19-induced fatalities affect the duration of palliative care among patients with advanced cancer. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Palliative Care Unit of the Brazilian Instituto Nacional de Câncer in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on 1,104 advanced cancer patients who died under exclusive palliative care between March 11, 2020, and March 31, 2021. Wilcoxon rank-sum (Mann-Whitney U) and log-rank tests were performed to examine statistical differences between the medians of time, and the Kaplan-Meier estimator was used to graphically illustrate survival over time under exclusive palliative care contingent upon the underlying causes of death of the two experimental groups (cancer versus COVID-19). RESULTS: A total of 133 (12.05%) patients succumbed to COVID-19. In both groups, the median time under exclusive palliative care was less than one month. The exclusive palliative care survival curves did not exhibit any statistically significant difference between the groups. CONCLUSION: Death due to COVID-19 did not modify the duration of exclusive palliative care among patients with advanced cancer.

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BACKGROUND: A new paradigm has been discussed regarding the impact of economic cycles on the mortality pattern from specific causes. These causes are called deaths of despair, and they selectively impact specific demographic groups. Also, low- and middle-income countries are most affected due to their economic and social instability. In this sense, the objective of study was to compare the magnitude of disparity in deaths from despair according to sex, age, and race in Brazil. METHODS: We performed Poisson regression modeling to estimate the magnitude of the association between sex, age group, race, and deaths from despair. Also, we estimated the relationship of time as a proxy of economic crisis phase and deaths of despair. RESULTS: We found an association between mortality from despair and male sex (PR = 6.15, 95%CI 6.09-6.22); emphasis on the age groups from 40 to 49 years old (PR = 2.45, 95% CI 2.41-2.48) and 50 to 59 years old (PR = 2.39, 95% CI 2.36-2.43); and brown (PR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.20-1.22) and black race (PR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.34-1.37). CONCLUSIONS: The present study preliminarily presents the effect of the economic crisis and mortality in the population, with demographic differences. Association with race was opposite to that verified in the original study in the USA, which suggests that this variable should be analyzed in the light of structural context.

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Abstract Objectives: to describe the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on maternal mortality in Brazil in 2021. Methods: it is an exploratory study with description of the excess maternal mortality in Brazil for 2021, considering different scenarios: (i) 2015-2019 linear trend; (ii) 2020 observed number of deaths; (iii) 2015-2019 linear trend corrected for general mortality excess; (iv) 2020 observed number of deaths corrected for general mortality excess. Results: compared to the trend of the previous five years, the year 2021 showed an excess mortality of 39% (n=3030). The maternal mortality ratio for 2021 drastically exceeded the SDG target for this indicator, reaching approximately 110 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. In any scenario described, there will be excess maternal mortality in 2021 higher than general mortality and higher than level presented in 2020. Analysis stratified by region demonstrates subnational heterogeneity. Conclusion: Covid-19 pandemic had a considerable impact on maternal health, not only by leading to increased deaths but also by increasing social health inequality. The year 2021 was the most critical period of the pandemic regarding the magnitude of mortality. Barriers to accessing and using essential health services are challenging to achieving health-related Sustainable Development Goals.

Resumo Objetivos: analisar os efeitos da pandemia da Covid-19 na mortalidade materna no Brasil em 2021. Métodos: realizou-se estudo exploratório com descrição do excesso de mortalidade materna no Brasil para 2021, considerando diferentes cenários: (i) tendência linear 2015-2019; (ii) número de óbitos observados em 2020; (iii) tendência linear 2015-2019 corrigida para excesso de mortalidade geral; (iv) número de óbitos observados em 2020 corrigido pelo excesso de mortalidade geral. Resultados: em comparação com a tendência dos cinco anos anteriores, o ano de 2021 apresentou excesso de mortalidade de 39% (n=3030). A razãode mortalidade materna para 2021 ultrapassou a meta dos ODS para este indicador, atingindo um nível superior a 110 mortes maternas por cem mil nascidos vivos. Em qualquer cenário, houve excesso de mortalidade materna em 2021 superior à mortalidade geral em 2020. A análise estratificada por região demonstra heterogeneidade subnacional. Conclusão: a pandemia da Covid-19 teve impacto considerável na saúde materna, não só por levar ao aumento de mortes, mas também por aumentar a iniquidade em saúde. O ano de 2021 foi o período mais crítico da pandemia em termos de mortalidade. Barreiras ao acesso e uso de serviços de saúde são um desafio para alcançar os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável relacionados à saúde.

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OBJECTIVE: To estimate the impact of sociodemographic factors on survival from COVID-19 in Brazil. METHODS: Longitudinal data from a retrospective cohort of 2,000,000 hospitalizations due to COVID-19 in Brazil between March 2020 and May 2022, enrolled in SIVEP-Gripe, were analyzed. RESULTS: The adjusted Cox model showed a 7% higher probability of death for men. 9% and 13% for the brown population compared to white and 16% for those living in the rural region. Long-lived elderly has a 301% higher probability when compared to young people. CONCLUSION: Sociodemographic factors interfere with survival from COVID-19 and should gain prominence in theoretical models and clinical aspects, and should be considered when formulating public policies, especially in countries with greater social inequality, such as Brazil.

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The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the living and working conditions of the entire population of Brazil, having a different and more intense effect on groups considered to be vulnerable. The objective of this article is to present an overview of the evolution of the pandemic in the country according to the bulletins of the Covid-19 Fiocruz Observatory in the period between the declarations of the beginning and end of the Public Health Emergency of National Concern (ESPIN, in Portuguese), February 2020 to April 2022. Several of the indicators adopted in the 69 bulletins published for the analysis of the pandemic were used, such as cases and deaths due to SARIs and COVID-19, age groups, % of occupancy of ICU beds, and vaccination, among others. The evolution analysis was organized between years and phases of the pandemic, seeking to highlight what characterized each moment. The closing statement of ESPIN in Brazil coincides with the discussions on the transition from a pandemic to an endemic scenario, without this representing the elimination of the virus, infections, and disease, posing the challenges of advances in vaccination processes in Brazil and around the world, as well as living with scenarios that may require the adoption of temporary protection measures in epidemic periods and periods of greater risk for vulnerable groups.

A pandemia de COVID-19 teve um imenso impacto nas condições de vida e trabalho de toda a população do país, impactando de modo diferenciado e mais intenso os grupos considerados vulneráveis. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar um panorama da evolução da pandemia no país segundo os boletins do Observatório Covid-19 Fiocruz, no período entre as declarações de início e de encerramento da Emergência em Saúde Pública de Importância Nacional (ESPIN), fevereiro de 2020 a abril de 2022. Foram utilizados diversos dos indicadores adotados nos 69 boletins publicados para a análise da pandemia, como casos e óbitos por SRAGs e COVID-19, grupos etários, taxas de ocupação de leitos UTI e vacinação, entre outros. A análise da evolução foi organizada entre anos e fases da pandemia, procurando destacar o que caracterizou cada momento. A declaração de encerramento da ESPIN no Brasil coincide com as discussões acerca da transição de pandemia para a endemia, sem que isso represente a eliminação do vírus, das infecções e da doença, colocando-se os desafios de avanços nos processos de vacinação no Brasil e no mundo e da convivência com cenários que poderão exigir a adoção de medidas de proteção temporárias em períodos epidêmicos e de maior risco para grupos vulneráveis.

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Resumo A pandemia de COVID-19 teve um imenso impacto nas condições de vida e trabalho de toda a população do país, impactando de modo diferenciado e mais intenso os grupos considerados vulneráveis. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar um panorama da evolução da pandemia no país segundo os boletins do Observatório Covid-19 Fiocruz, no período entre as declarações de início e de encerramento da Emergência em Saúde Pública de Importância Nacional (ESPIN), fevereiro de 2020 a abril de 2022. Foram utilizados diversos dos indicadores adotados nos 69 boletins publicados para a análise da pandemia, como casos e óbitos por SRAGs e COVID-19, grupos etários, taxas de ocupação de leitos UTI e vacinação, entre outros. A análise da evolução foi organizada entre anos e fases da pandemia, procurando destacar o que caracterizou cada momento. A declaração de encerramento da ESPIN no Brasil coincide com as discussões acerca da transição de pandemia para a endemia, sem que isso represente a eliminação do vírus, das infecções e da doença, colocando-se os desafios de avanços nos processos de vacinação no Brasil e no mundo e da convivência com cenários que poderão exigir a adoção de medidas de proteção temporárias em períodos epidêmicos e de maior risco para grupos vulneráveis.

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the living and working conditions of the entire population of Brazil, having a different and more intense effect on groups considered to be vulnerable. The objective of this article is to present an overview of the evolution of the pandemic in the country according to the bulletins of the Covid-19 Fiocruz Observatory in the period between the declarations of the beginning and end of the Public Health Emergency of National Concern (ESPIN, in Portuguese), February 2020 to April 2022. Several of the indicators adopted in the 69 bulletins published for the analysis of the pandemic were used, such as cases and deaths due to SARIs and COVID-19, age groups, % of occupancy of ICU beds, and vaccination, among others. The evolution analysis was organized between years and phases of the pandemic, seeking to highlight what characterized each moment. The closing statement of ESPIN in Brazil coincides with the discussions on the transition from a pandemic to an endemic scenario, without this representing the elimination of the virus, infections, and disease, posing the challenges of advances in vaccination processes in Brazil and around the world, as well as living with scenarios that may require the adoption of temporary protection measures in epidemic periods and periods of greater risk for vulnerable groups.

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The objective was to analyze the temporal effects of age, period, and cohort on mortality from all female homicides, and from female homicides and by firearms, in Brazil from 1980 to 2019. Data were accessed from Brazilian health records. There was an increase in the risk of death in the 2000s in the North and Northeast regions and a decrease in the Southeast, South, and Midwest. Younger women had a higher risk of death than women born between 1950 and 1954. The findings may be correlated with the inefficiency of the Brazilian state in protecting female victims of violence.

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The present retrospective study investigated factors associated with time-to-treatment initiation of breast cancer of a cohort of 12,100 cases of health facilities qualified for high complexity in oncology within the scope of the Brazilian Public Health System (SUS) of Rio de Janeiro between 2013 and 2019. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Of all cases, 82.1% were submitted to the first treatment >60 days. Patients without previous diagnosis history, higher education and in stages III and IV were less likely to have their first treatment >60 days, while treatment at a health facility outside the capital showed a higher probability. Patients with a previous diagnosis history, aged ≥50, non-white race/skin color and in stage I were more likely to be submitted to their first treatment >60 days, while subjects with higher education, treated in a health facility outside the capital and in stage IV showed a lower probability. To summarize, sociodemographic, clinical and health facility-related factors are associated with time-to-treatment initiation of breast cancer.

Este estudo retrospectivo investigou fatores associados ao tempo para submissão ao primeiro tratamento do câncer de mama entre 12.100 casos assistidos em estabelecimentos de saúde habilitados para a alta complexidade em oncologia no âmbito do SUS localizados no Rio de Janeiro entre 2013 e 2019. Regressão logística multivariada estimou razões de chances e intervalos de 95% de confiança. Foram submetidos ao primeiro tratamento em tempo >60 dias 82,1% dos casos. Entre aqueles sem histórico de diagnóstico anterior, alta escolaridade e estadiamento III e IV exibiram menor probabilidade de submissão ao primeiro tratamento em tempo >60 dias, enquanto tratamento em estabelecimento de saúde não localizado na capital exibiu probabilidade maior. Entre aqueles com histórico de diagnóstico anterior, idade ≥50 anos, raça/cor da pele não branca e estadiamento I exibiram maior probabilidade de submissão ao primeiro tratamento em tempo >60 dias, enquanto alta escolaridade, tratamento em estabelecimento de saúde não localizado na capital e estadiamento IV exibiram probabilidade menor. Em suma, fatores sociodemográficos, clínicos e relacionados ao estabelecimento de saúde estão associados ao tempo para submissão ao primeiro tratamento do câncer de mama.

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Resumo Este estudo retrospectivo investigou fatores associados ao tempo para submissão ao primeiro tratamento do câncer de mama entre 12.100 casos assistidos em estabelecimentos de saúde habilitados para a alta complexidade em oncologia no âmbito do SUS localizados no Rio de Janeiro entre 2013 e 2019. Regressão logística multivariada estimou razões de chances e intervalos de 95% de confiança. Foram submetidos ao primeiro tratamento em tempo >60 dias 82,1% dos casos. Entre aqueles sem histórico de diagnóstico anterior, alta escolaridade e estadiamento III e IV exibiram menor probabilidade de submissão ao primeiro tratamento em tempo >60 dias, enquanto tratamento em estabelecimento de saúde não localizado na capital exibiu probabilidade maior. Entre aqueles com histórico de diagnóstico anterior, idade ≥50 anos, raça/cor da pele não branca e estadiamento I exibiram maior probabilidade de submissão ao primeiro tratamento em tempo >60 dias, enquanto alta escolaridade, tratamento em estabelecimento de saúde não localizado na capital e estadiamento IV exibiram probabilidade menor. Em suma, fatores sociodemográficos, clínicos e relacionados ao estabelecimento de saúde estão associados ao tempo para submissão ao primeiro tratamento do câncer de mama.

Abstract The present retrospective study investigated factors associated with time-to-treatment initiation of breast cancer of a cohort of 12,100 cases of health facilities qualified for high complexity in oncology within the scope of the Brazilian Public Health System (SUS) of Rio de Janeiro between 2013 and 2019. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Of all cases, 82.1% were submitted to the first treatment >60 days. Patients without previous diagnosis history, higher education and in stages III and IV were less likely to have their first treatment >60 days, while treatment at a health facility outside the capital showed a higher probability. Patients with a previous diagnosis history, aged ≥50, non-white race/skin color and in stage I were more likely to be submitted to their first treatment >60 days, while subjects with higher education, treated in a health facility outside the capital and in stage IV showed a lower probability. To summarize, sociodemographic, clinical and health facility-related factors are associated with time-to-treatment initiation of breast cancer.

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Heart failure is a prevalent condition and a frequent cause of hospital readmissions and poor quality of life. Teleconsultation support from cardiologists to primary care physicians managing patients with heart failure may improve care, but the effect on patient-relevant outcomes is unclear. We aim to evaluate whether collaboration through a novel teleconsultation platform in the Brazilian Heart Insufficiency with Telemedicine (BRAHIT) project, tested on a previous feasibility study, can improve patient-relevant outcomes. We will conduct a parallel-group, two-arm, cluster-randomised superiority trial with a 1:1 allocation ratio, with primary care practices from Rio de Janeiro as clusters. Physicians from the intervention group practices will receive teleconsultation support from a cardiologist to assist patients discharged from hospitals after admission for heart failure. In contrast, physicians from the control group practices will perform usual care. We will include 10 patients per each of the 80 enrolled practices (n = 800). The primary outcome will be a composite of mortality and hospital admissions after six months. Secondary outcomes will be adverse events, symptoms frequency, quality of life, and primary care physicians' compliance with treatment guidelines. We hypothesise that teleconsulting support will improve patient outcomes.

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Suicide is a complex and multi-determined phenomenon. Higher rates are observed in men and are related to multiple risk factors, including mental disorders, financial crises, unemployment, and easy access to highly lethal means of perpetration, such as firearms. We studied the effects of age, period, and cohort (APC) on total and firearm-related suicides in men in Brazil and its major regions from 1980 to 2019. Death records were extracted from the Brazilian Ministry of Health's Mortality Information System. Estimable functions were used to estimate APC models, through the Epi library of the R statistical program, version 4.2.1. During the study period, Brazil had an average rate of 10.22 deaths per 100,000 men. Among regions, rates ranged from 8.62 (Northeast) to 16.93 (South). The same profile was observed in suicides by firearms. After estimating the APC models, we observed a temporal trend of increasing total suicides for Brazil and regions, except for the South region, where the trend was stationary. The trend was downward for firearm suicides for all locations. A positive gradient was observed in the mortality rate with advancing age for total suicides; and peak incidence between 20-29 years, with subsequent stabilization, for suicides perpetrated by firearms. There was a reduction in the risk of death for suicides perpetrated by firearms in relation to the reference period (1995-1999) for all locations, except in the North region, where the effect was not significant. The younger generations from the 1960s onwards had a higher risk of death from total suicide and a lower risk for those perpetrated by firearms in relation to the reference cohort (1950-1954). We observed a reduction in the mortality trend for suicides perpetrated by firearms, a reduction in the risk of death in the 2000s and for men born after 1960. Our results suggest reducing the risk of death from suicide by firearms in Brazil and regions. However, there is an upward trend in mortality from total suicides in the study period (1980-2019) and for younger cohorts.

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BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic brought a new challenge to maternal mortality in Brazil. Throughout 2020, Brazil registered 549 maternal deaths, mainly in second and third-trimester pregnant women. The objective of this study was to estimate the excess maternal deaths in Brazil caused directly and indirectly by Covid-19 in the year 2020. In addition, we sought to identify clinical, social and health care factors associated with the direct maternal deaths caused by Covid-19. METHODS: We performed nationwide analyses based on data from the Mortality Information System (SIM) for general and maternal deaths and the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance System (SIVEP-Influenza) for estimates of female and maternal deaths due to COVID-19. Two distinct techniques were adopted. First, we describe maternal deaths directly caused by covid-19 and compare them with the historical series of deaths from covid-19 among women of childbearing age (15 to 49 years). Next, we estimated the total excess maternal mortality. Then, we calculated odds ratios for symptoms, comorbidities, social determination proxies and hospital care aspects between COVID-19 maternal deaths and deaths of women of childbearing age who were not pregnant or no maternal deaths. We chose women of childbearing age (15 to 49 years) as a reference because sex and age introduce differentials in the risk of COVID-19 death. RESULTS: Most maternal deaths occurred during pregnancy compared to postpartum deaths month by month in 2020 (µ = 59.8%, SD = 14.3%). The excess maternal mortality in 2020 in Brazil was 1.40 (95% CI 1.35-1.46). Even considering excess mortality due to COVID-19 for the childbearing age female population (MMR 1.14; 95% CI 1.13-1.15), maternal mortality exceeded the expected number. The odds of being a black woman, living in a rural area and being hospitalized outside the residence municipality among maternal deaths were 44, 61 and 28% higher than the control group. Odds of hospitalization (OR 4.37; 95% CI 3.39-5.37), ICU admission (OR 1.73; 95% CI 1.50-1.98) and invasive ventilatory support use (OR 1.64; CI 95% 1.42-1.86) among maternal deaths were higher than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: There was excess maternal mortality in 2020 in Brazil. Even with adjustment for the expected excess mortality from Covid-19 in women of childbearing age, the number of maternal deaths exceeds expectations, suggesting that there were deaths among pregnant and postpartum women indirectly caused by the pandemic, compromising access to prenatal care., adequate childbirth and puerperium.

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OBJECTIVE: To analyze the spatiotemporal distribution of the burden of occupational cancer in Brazil and federative units between 1990 and 2019. METHODS: Data were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. Deaths from cancer whose attributable risk factor was occupational carcinogens were considered. Spatial analysis was performed with the first and last years of the series (1990 and 2019). Age-adjusted mortality rates were used to estimate the global Moran's Index (Moran's I), and the local indicator of spatial association (LISA) to identify clusters in the country with the respective statistical significance. The occupational cancer mortality rate, adjusted for age, was analyzed based on its trend for Brazil and federative units, in the period between 1990 and 2019. RESULTS: Between 1990 and 2019, occupational cancer mortality rate showed a decreasing trend (R2=0.62; p<0.001) as well as the burden of disease indicator - DALY (R2=0.84; p<0.001). However, mortality is increasing in most states, suggesting that a minority of federative units induce the country's global trend. There is also the development of a spatial pattern of autocorrelation, indicating clusters of states with low mortality and DALY rates in the Northeast and high values in the South of the country. CONCLUSION: The overall decreasing trend in the trend of occupational cancer masks the heterogeneity across states. This scenario may be associated with the diversity of economic activities, and suggests a decentralized and equitable plan for occupational cancer surveillance.

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ABSTRACT: Objective: To analyze the spatiotemporal distribution of the burden of occupational cancer in Brazil and federative units between 1990 and 2019. Methods: Data were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. Deaths from cancer whose attributable risk factor was occupational carcinogens were considered. Spatial analysis was performed with the first and last years of the series (1990 and 2019). Age-adjusted mortality rates were used to estimate the global Moran's Index (Moran's I), and the local indicator of spatial association (LISA) to identify clusters in the country with the respective statistical significance. The occupational cancer mortality rate, adjusted for age, was analyzed based on its trend for Brazil and federative units, in the period between 1990 and 2019. Results: Between 1990 and 2019, occupational cancer mortality rate showed a decreasing trend (R2=0.62; p<0.001) as well as the burden of disease indicator — DALY (R2=0.84; p<0.001). However, mortality is increasing in most states, suggesting that a minority of federative units induce the country's global trend. There is also the development of a spatial pattern of autocorrelation, indicating clusters of states with low mortality and DALY rates in the Northeast and high values in the South of the country. Conclusion: The overall decreasing trend in the trend of occupational cancer masks the heterogeneity across states. This scenario may be associated with the diversity of economic activities, and suggests a decentralized and equitable plan for occupational cancer surveillance.

RESUMO: Objetivo: Analisar a carga de câncer relacionado ao trabalho no Brasil e unidades da federação, entre 1990 e 2019. Métodos: Extraímos os dados do estudo Carga Global de Doenças (GBD). Consideramos as mortes por câncer cujo fator de risco atribuível fossem agentes ocupacionais carcinogênicos. A análise espacial foi realizada com o primeiro e último anos da série (1990 e 2019). As taxas de mortalidade ajustadas por idade foram utilizadas para calcular o índice de Moran global (I de Moran) e o indicador local de associação espacial (LISA). A taxa de mortalidade por câncer relacionado ao trabalho, ajustada por idade, foi analisada com base em sua tendência, para Brasil e unidades da federação, no período entre 1990 e 2019. Resultados: No período citado, a taxa de mortalidade por câncer relacionado ao trabalho exibiu tendência de decréscimo (R2=0,62; p<0,001), assim como o indicador de carga de doença — DALY (R2=0,84; p<0,001). Contudo, a mortalidade é crescente na maioria dos estados, o que sugere que uma minoria de unidades induz a tendência global do país. Há ainda formação de um padrão espacial de autocorrelação, indicando agrupamentos de estados com baixas taxas de mortalidade e DALY no Nordeste e valores altos no Sul do país. Conclusão: A tendência global de decréscimo na tendência do câncer relacionado ao trabalho mascara a heterogeneidade entre estados. Esse cenário pode estar associado à diversidade de atividades econômicas e sugere um plano descentralizado e equitativo da vigilância do câncer relacionado ao trabalho.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the impact of sociodemographic factors on survival from COVID-19 in Brazil. Methods: Longitudinal data from a retrospective cohort of 2,000,000 hospitalizations due to COVID-19 in Brazil between March 2020 and May 2022, enrolled in SIVEP-Gripe, were analyzed. Results: The adjusted Cox model showed a 7% higher probability of death for men. 9% and 13% for the brown population compared to white and 16% for those living in the rural region. Long-lived elderly has a 301% higher probability when compared to young people. Conclusion: Sociodemographic factors interfere with survival from COVID-19 and should gain prominence in theoretical models and clinical aspects, and should be considered when formulating public policies, especially in countries with greater social inequality, such as Brazil.

RESUMO Objetivo: Estimar o impacto dos fatores sociodemográficos para a sobrevida por COVID-19 no Brasil. Métodos: Foram analisados dados longitudinais de coorte retrospectiva de 2 milhões de internações por COVID-19 no Brasil entre março de 2020 e maio de 2022, arrolados no SIVEP Gripe. Resultados: O modelo ajustado de Cox mostrou probabilidade 7% maior de morte para os homens, 9 e 13% para a população parda em comparação à branca e 16% para aqueles que vivem na região rural. O idoso longevo tem probabilidade 301% maior quando comparado aos jovens. Conclusão: Os fatores sociodemográficos interferem na sobrevida pela COVID-19 e devem ganhar destaque nos modelos teóricos tais quais os aspectos clínicos, bem como ser considerados para formular políticas públicas, especialmente em países com maior desigualdade social, como o Brasil.