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PURPOSE: To evaluate the survival rate of primary maxillary anterior teeth following intrusive luxation and identify associated factors. METHODS: A retrospective longitudinal study was conducted at a primary dental trauma centre using 88 dental records of children with intrusive luxation between 2007 and 2018. The variables of interest were time the tooth remained in the alveolus, degree of intrusion, accentuated overjet, lip protection, visible plaque, compromised germ of the permanent successor, clinical signs of infectious and inflammatory processes, endodontic treatment, pulp canal obliteration, sex, age at the time of trauma, family income, mother's schooling, and immediate care. Descriptive, bivariate, and Cox regression analyses were performed (p < 0.05; 95% CI). RESULTS: The 88 dental records of children with intrusive luxation included 128 teeth. Survival rate throughout the follow-up period was 65.6% (n = 84). Age older than three years and eight months (HR 2.28; 95% CI 1.04-4.99; p = 0.039), the development of an infectious process (HR 3.51; 95% CI 1.39-8.86; p = 0.008), development of an inflammatory process (HR 2.35; 95% CI 1.17-4.71; p = 0.016) and compromised germ of the permanent successor (HR 4.38; 95% CI 1.99-9.61; p < 0.001) were associated with a lower survival rate of intruded primary maxillary anterior teeth. CONCLUSION: The survival rate during the follow-up period of intruded primary maxillary anterior teeth was considered high. A significantly lower survival rate was associated with age, the occurrence of an infectious process and inflammatory process, and the compromised germ of the permanent successor.

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Since the last decade, several studies have reported the presence and effects of pharmaceutical residues in the marine environment, especially those of the antihypertensive class, such as losartan. However, there is little knowledge about the physiological effects of losartan in marine invertebrates regarding its behavior under possible coastal ocean acidification scenarios. The objective of this study was to evaluate biological effects on marine organisms at different levels of the biological organization caused by the compound losartan in water and sediment under coastal ocean acidification scenarios. Water and sediment samples were collected at five sites around the Santos Submarine Sewage outfall (SSO) and two sites around the Guarujá Submarine Sewage Outfall (GSO). Losartan was found in concentrations ranging from

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Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder caused by occlusal trauma is one of the most controversial topics in dentistry. Experimental traumatic occlusion (ETO) induced by metal crowns cemented to mandibular first molars in rats causes a long-lasting nociceptive response. This study aimed to elucidate whether ETO generates an increase in inflammatory mediators in the TMJ. In addition, the impact of ETO on trigeminal ganglia, neurotransmitter release, and satellite glial cell (SGC) activation was investigated. ELISA revealed enhanced inflammatory mediators, including TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-6, CX3CL1, and ADAM-17 by Western blotting, in periarticular TMJ tissue after 28 d of ETO. In the trigeminal ganglia, ETO groups increased the release of the neurotransmitters substance P and glutamate. Overexpression of the AMPA receptor and upregulation of NMDA were observed in the 0.4- and 0.7-mm ETO groups, respectively, highlighting enhanced neuronal excitation. Increased IL-1ß and COX-2 mRNA levels in the 0.7-mm ETO group confirmed trigeminal ganglia SGC activation. Immunofluorescence and electrophoresis of SGC revealed increased pERK expression in the 0.7-mm ETO group. ERK phosphorylation was shown to be nociceptive specific, with its upregulation occurring in cases of chronic inflammatory pain. Increased PKA mRNA levels were observed in the 0.4-mm ETO group, while CREB mRNA levels were upregulated for both ETO groups. Electrophoresis showed overexpression of sodium channel Nav 1.7 in the 0.7-mm ETO group, while immunofluorescence revealed that Nav 1.7 is expressed in sensory trigeminal ganglia cells. The results of this study suggest that occlusal trauma induces neuroimmune crosstalk, with synthesis of proinflammatory/pronociceptive mediators, which increases neuronal activity in trigeminal ganglia via the activation of an inflammatory response cascade to develop a persistent neuroinflammatory state that leads to central sensitization.

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PURPOSE: Children should feel sad when they believe that a negative outcome is permanent. The sadness that an oral problem might bring tends to contribute to children's loneliness and increase the social stress levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of untreated dental caries, dental pain, malocclusion, and traumatic dental injury on prevalence of sadness related to oral health among Brazilian children. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was carried out with 397 children aged 8-10 years randomly selected from public and private schools in Diamantina, Brazil. The Brazilian version of the CPQ8-10 was applied. Sadness was collected through the question, "In the last month how often did you feel sad because of your teeth or mouth?" and dental pain through the question, "In the last month, how many times have you had pain in your teeth?" One calibrated examiner (Kappa value intra examiner: 0.77-0.91; Kappa value inter examiner: 0.80-1.00) performed the exam for dental caries (DMFT), malocclusion (DAI), and dental trauma (O'Brien). Parents answered questions addressing socioeconomic issues. Descriptive analyses, Chi-square test, and hierarchical Poisson regression models were performed (IC 95%; p < 0.05)." RESULTS: The prevalence of sadness related to oral health was 30.5% (n = 121). Sadness related to oral health was associated with untreated dental caries (PR: 1.46; 95% CI 1.32-2.46; p = 0.001 ) and dental pain (PR: 2.91; 95% CI 2.00-4.22; p < 0.001). Other clinical variables analyzed (traumatic dental injury and malocclusion) were not significantly associated with sadness related to oral health. CONCLUSIONS: Children with untreated dental caries and dental pain presented a higher report of sadness related to oral health.

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PURPOSES: Brachytherapy has been indicated as an alternative option for treating cystic craniopharyngiomas. Despite the difficulties regarding the complex nuclear infrastructure and consequent small number of brachytherapy studies, recent discoveries relating tumour characteristics to sensitivity to brachytherapy have stimulated this extensive systematic review and meta-analysis of the recent results aiming to summarise its efficacy and complications. METHODS: The systematic review was structured using PRISMA statements. The MEDLINE database was systematically reviewed from March 2010 to February 2021 to identify qualified trials dealing with radioisotope brachytherapy in cystic craniopharyngiomas in the paediatric population, emphasising tumour control rates and complications. RESULTS: A total of 228 individuals were analysed, of which 66 were children. The minimum average follow-up was 5 years. Considering the paediatric trials, partial and complete responses were achieved in 89% of patients with exclusively cystic lesions, compared to 58% in non-exclusively cystic lesions. The former observed progression in 3% of patients, while in the latter, 35% was reported. Visual and endocrine improvement reached 64% and 20%, respectively, in the first group, in contrast to 48% and 7% in the second group, respectively. There were similar results considering the non-exclusive paediatric series, but with less expressive numbers. CONCLUSION: These results reinforce the positive impact of radioisotope brachytherapy in the treatment of predominant monocystic or multicystic craniopharyngiomas, especially in the paediatric population, grounded by impressive tumour control rates, lower morbidities and single application in the majority of the cases. In the future, specific morphological tumour characteristics might be considered for a more assertive patient selection.

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INTRODUCTION: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant genetic disease. The prevalence of FH has previously been reported as 1 in 500 in the general population. This study aimed to evaluate the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9) levels, lipid profile and thrombin generation in FH patients undergoing treatment or not. METHODS: Eighty individuals with FH were selected and distributed in 2 groups: individuals treated with statins alone or conjugate therapy (statin + ezetimibe) (T = 53) and those non treated (NT = 27). PCSK9 levels were determined by ELISA, the lipid profile by colorimetric enzyme method and thrombin generation assay (TGA) by CAT method. RESULTS: Individuals treated with conjugate therapy (statin + ezetimibe) showed a significant reduction in the levels of total cholesterol (TC) low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) and in the potential for thrombin generation (ETP with low and high concentration of tissue factor), compared to the treated individuals with monotherapy (statins). PCSK9 was positively correlated with increased levels of TC, LDLc and triglycerides, while TGA parameters were positively correlated with PCSK9 and lipid profile. CONCLUSION: PCSK9 levels appear to be associated with components of the lipid and hemostatic profiles, in addition to being influenced by age. In general, our findings suggest that combined therapy for the treatment of FH is associated with a significant improvement in both lipid and hemostatic profiles assessed by TGA, suggesting a reduction in atherogenic and thrombogenic risks and, therefore, more promising compared to the use of statin monotherapy.

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BACKGROUND: Identifying bodies in a state of putrefaction, skeletonization or mutilation is often difficult. In these cases, it is possible to use auxiliary methods such as forensic facial approximation, considering the possibility of recognition by a relative or acquaintance, helping to obtain ante-mortem data for the identification process. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the capacity of recognition of individuals from digital facial approximation and to verify the association between the level of understanding of the issue by evaluators and the recognition success index. METHODS: 16 skulls with previous photographic records were selected and then utilized for three-dimensional approximation using the digital technique, scanned by photogrammetry, and reconstructed by computerized method using open-source software. Twenty evaluators tried to recognize the facial approximation performed from images present in the photospreads. RESULTS: The mean overall score was 23.75%, and it was observed that in only five approximations (31.24%) the option of correct recognition of the victim was the one that obtained the highest number of selections. False positives and negatives corresponded, respectively, to 11.56% and 12.5%. CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that the methodology can provide recognition albeit in low numbers, and permitting the acquisition of ante-mortem data for the proper process of human identification through primary methods.

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Enzymatic lipophilization is an important process to extend the use of anthocyanins in lipidic media. In this work delphinidin 3-O-sambubioside (Dp3sam) isolated from Hibiscus sabdariffa L. flower was esterified with octanoic acid using Candida antarctica lipase B. The physical-chemical properties of the new lipophilic pigment were studied by UV-vis spectroscopy. Dp3sam with chloride, acetate and formate as counter ions were employed to study the lipophilization reaction. The hydrolysis of the reagent was avoided with a formate counter ion and the expected product was achieved with a noteworthy change of solubility. 1D and 2D NMR characterization of Dp3sam-C8 confirmed that the lipophilization took place at the primary alcohol of the glucoside moiety. Overall, the Dp3sam-C8 ester presents a stabilization of the quinoidal base (blue color) at neutral or moderate alkaline pH, which foresees a potential use of this pigment as a broad kind of industries on lipo-soluble formulations.

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In this letter, we describe the development of an immunodiagnostic assay capable of detecting specific IgM in the blood circulation of experimental Nile tilapia that received the vaccine against S. agalactiae.

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In this letter, we describe the development of an immunodiagnostic assay capable of detecting specific IgM in the blood circulation of experimental Nile tilapia that received the vaccine against S. agalactiae.

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In this letter, we describe the development of an immunodiagnostic assay capable of detecting specific IgM in the blood circulation of experimental Nile tilapia that received the vaccine against S. agalactiae.(AU)

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Socioeconomic status (SES) is known to have a considerable influence on the development of neuropsychological functions. In particular there is strong evidence for less efficient development of prefrontal-cortex-related functions in children raised in low-SES households. "Street children" are a common feature of low SES in many low- and middle-income countries, and some researchers have suggested that the unique life experiences of street children may drive their neurocognitive development. This study compares a group of 36 former street children in Quito, Ecuador with a control group of 26 never street-connected schoolchildren. All children were assessed with a range of neuropsychological tests. Although the street children group performed significantly below the level of the control group on all measures, they did not demonstrate a generalized lower ability. By controlling the effects of fluid intelligence it was found that there are relatively independent effects on visuospatial ability and executive planning ability. Furthermore, the executive function test scores in general are significantly less affected than the other cognitive functions and may be temporary effects caused by recent substance abuse within the street child sample. The findings generally support results from other countries suggesting that low SES is associated with negative effects on neuropsychological development. However, they also suggest that the local social and economic context, such as in the case of street children, might mitigate the harmful effects of low SES on the development of some executive functions.

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This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors for tuberculosis (TB) treatment default in a priority city for disease control in Brazil. A cohort of TB cases diagnosed from 2008 to 2009 was followed up from patients' entry into three outpatient sites, in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais (Brazil), until the recording of the outcomes. Drug addiction, alcoholism and treatment site appeared to be independently associated with default. Current users of crack as the hardest drug (odds ratio (OR) 12·25, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3·04-49·26) were more likely to default than other hard drug users (OR 5·67, 95% CI 1·34-24·03), former users (OR 4·12, 95% CI 1·11-15·20) and those not known to use drugs (reference group). Consumers at high risk of alcoholism (OR 2·94, 95% CI 1·08-7·99) and those treated in an outpatient hospital unit (OR 8·22, 95% CI 2·79-24·21%) also were more likely to default. Our results establish that substance abuse was independently associated with default. National TB programmes might be more likely to achieve their control targets if they include interventions aimed at improving adherence and cure rates, by diagnosing and treating substance abuse concurrently with standard TB therapy.

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Despite the ubiquity of domestic dogs, their role as zoonotic reservoirs and the large number of studies concerning parasites in urban dogs, rural areas in Brazil, especially those at the wildlife-domestic animal-human interface, have received little attention from scientists and public health managers. This paper reports a cross-sectional epidemiological survey of gastrointestinal parasites of rural dogs living in farms around Atlantic Forest fragments. Through standard parasitological methods (flotation and sedimentation), 13 parasite taxa (11 helminths and two protozoans) were found in feces samples from dogs. The most prevalent were the nematode Ancylostoma (47%) followed by Toxocara (18%) and Trichuris (8%). Other less prevalent ( < 2%) parasites found were Capillaria, Ascaridia, Spirocerca, Taeniidae, Acantocephala, Ascaris, Dipylidium caninum, Toxascaris, and the protozoans Cystoisospora and Eimeria. Mixed infections were found in 36% of samples, mostly by Ancylostoma and Toxocara. Previous deworming had no association with infections, meaning that this preventive measure is being incorrectly performed by owners. Regarding risk factors, dogs younger than one year were more likely to be infected with Toxocara, and purebred dogs with Trichuris. The number of cats in the households was positively associated with Trichuris infection, while male dogs and low body scores were associated with mixed infections. The lack of associations with dog free-ranging behavior and access to forest or villages indicates that infections are mostly acquired around the households. The results highlight the risk of zoonotic and wildlife parasite infections from dogs and the need for monitoring and controlling parasites of domestic animals in human-wildlife interface areas.(AU)

Apesar da ubiquidade dos cães domésticos, de seu papel como reservatório de doenças, e do grande número de estudos sobre parasitas de cães urbanos, as áreas rurais no Brasil, especialmente aquelas na interface entre animais silvestres - animais domésticos - humanos, tem recebido pouca atenção de cientistas e gestores de saúde pública. Este artigo relata um estudo epidemiológico seccional de parasitas gastrointestinais de cães rurais em propriedades no entorno de fragmentos de Mata Atlântica. Através de métodos parasitológicos como flutuação e sedimentação, 13 táxons de parasitas (11 helmintos e dois protozoários) foram encontrados em amostras de fezes dos cães. O mais prevalente foi o nematóide Ancylostoma (47%), seguido por Toxocara (18%) e Trichuris (8%). Outros parasitas menos prevalentes (<2%) encontrados foram Capillaria, Ascaridia, Spirocerca, Taeniidae, Acantocephala, Ascaris, Dipylidium caninum, Toxascaris, e os protozoários Cystoisospora and Eimeria. Infecções mistas foram detectadas em 36% das amostras, a maioria por Ancylostoma e Toxocara. Vermifugações prévias não foram associadas a infecções, indicando que esta medida preventiva está sendo realizada incorretamente pelos proprietários. Com relação aos fatores de risco, cães com menos de um ano tiveram maior probabilidade de infecção por Toxocara, e os cães de raça pura por Trichuris. O número de gatos na propriedade foi associado positivamente com a infecção por Trichuris, enquanto cães machos e baixos escores corporais foram associados a infecções mistas. A ausência de associações com comportamento de vida livre e acesso a florestas ou vilas pelos cães indica que as infecções estão sendo predominantemente adquiridas nas propriedades. Os resultados destacam o risco de infecções parasitárias zoonóticas e para animais silvestres a partir dos cães, e a necessidade de monitorar e controlar os parasitas de animais domésticos em áreas de interface entre humanos e a vida selvagem.(AU)

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Abstract Despite the ubiquity of domestic dogs, their role as zoonotic reservoirs and the large number of studies concerning parasites in urban dogs, rural areas in Brazil, especially those at the wildlife-domestic animal-human interface, have received little attention from scientists and public health managers. This paper reports a cross-sectional epidemiological survey of gastrointestinal parasites of rural dogs living in farms around Atlantic Forest fragments. Through standard parasitological methods (flotation and sedimentation), 13 parasite taxa (11 helminths and two protozoans) were found in feces samples from dogs. The most prevalent were the nematode Ancylostoma (47%) followed by Toxocara (18%) and Trichuris (8%). Other less prevalent (<2%) parasites found were Capillaria, Ascaridia, Spirocerca, Taeniidae, Acantocephala, Ascaris, Dipylidium caninum, Toxascaris, and the protozoans Cystoisospora and Eimeria. Mixed infections were found in 36% of samples, mostly by Ancylostoma and Toxocara. Previous deworming had no association with infections, meaning that this preventive measure is being incorrectly performed by owners. Regarding risk factors, dogs younger than one year were more likely to be infected with Toxocara, and purebred dogs with Trichuris. The number of cats in the households was positively associated with Trichuris infection, while male dogs and low body scores were associated with mixed infections. The lack of associations with dog free-ranging behavior and access to forest or villages indicates that infections are mostly acquired around the households. The results highlight the risk of zoonotic and wildlife parasite infections from dogs and the need for monitoring and controlling parasites of domestic animals in human-wildlife interface areas.

Resumo Apesar da ubiquidade dos cães domésticos, de seu papel como reservatório de doenças, e do grande número de estudos sobre parasitas de cães urbanos, as áreas rurais no Brasil, especialmente aquelas na interface entre animais silvestres - animais domésticos - humanos, tem recebido pouca atenção de cientistas e gestores de saúde pública. Este artigo relata um estudo epidemiológico seccional de parasitas gastrointestinais de cães rurais em propriedades no entorno de fragmentos de Mata Atlântica. Através de métodos parasitológicos como flutuação e sedimentação, 13 táxons de parasitas (11 helmintos e dois protozoários) foram encontrados em amostras de fezes dos cães. O mais prevalente foi o nematóide Ancylostoma (47%), seguido por Toxocara (18%) e Trichuris (8%). Outros parasitas menos prevalentes (<2%) encontrados foram Capillaria, Ascaridia, Spirocerca, Taeniidae, Acantocephala, Ascaris, Dipylidium caninum, Toxascaris, e os protozoários Cystoisospora and Eimeria. Infecções mistas foram detectadas em 36% das amostras, a maioria por Ancylostoma e Toxocara. Vermifugações prévias não foram associadas a infecções, indicando que esta medida preventiva está sendo realizada incorretamente pelos proprietários. Com relação aos fatores de risco, cães com menos de um ano tiveram maior probabilidade de infecção por Toxocara, e os cães de raça pura por Trichuris. O número de gatos na propriedade foi associado positivamente com a infecção por Trichuris, enquanto cães machos e baixos escores corporais foram associados a infecções mistas. A ausência de associações com comportamento de vida livre e acesso a florestas ou vilas pelos cães indica que as infecções estão sendo predominantemente adquiridas nas propriedades. Os resultados destacam o risco de infecções parasitárias zoonóticas e para animais silvestres a partir dos cães, e a necessidade de monitorar e controlar os parasitas de animais domésticos em áreas de interface entre humanos e a vida selvagem.

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Generalized bone loss can be considered an extra-articular manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) that may lead to the occurrence of fractures, resulting in decreased quality of life and increased healthcare costs. The peptide ghrelin has demonstrated to positively affect osteoblasts in vitro and has anti-inflammatory actions, but the studies that correlate ghrelin plasma levels and RA have contradictory results. We aimed to evaluate the correlation between total ghrelin plasma levels, density of ghrelin-immunoreactive cells in the gastric mucosa, and bone mineral density (BMD) in twenty adult women with established RA with 6 months or more of symptoms (mean age of 52.70±11.40 years). Patients with RA presented higher ghrelin-immunoreactive cells density in gastric mucosa (P=0.008) compared with healthy females. There was a positive relationship between femoral neck BMD and gastric ghrelin cell density (P=0.007). However, these same patients presented a negative correlation between plasma ghrelin levels and total femoral BMD (P=0.03). The present results indicate that ghrelin may be involved in bone metabolism of patients with RA. However, the higher density of ghrelin-producing cells in the gastric mucosa of these patients does not seem to induce a corresponding elevation in the plasma levels of this peptide.

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The tropical rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus) is a snake of great importance for biomedical industry since its poison is used for the production of antiophidic serum and researches. Several conditions related to animal health, such as diseases and parasites, which can promote the reduction of poison production by these snakes should be investigated. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to characterize the gross and microscopic lesions related to the presence of Ophidascaris arndti in stomachs of tropical rattlesnakes. The gastrointestinal tract of thirty-five South American rattlesnakes captured in Southeastern region of Brazil were analyzed and nineteen animals showed infestation by the parasites, found in the small intestine and, especially, in the stomach of the hosts. Grossly, lesions were characterized by mucosal ulcers occasionally associated with hemorrhage. Microscopic alterations included histiocytic granulomas, fibrosis, necrosis, and hemorrhage. Based on these findings, the diagnosis of a parasitic granulomatous disease was made. The lesions may be related to the cause of death in captivity snakes, since the lesions can promote secondary infections by opportunistic bacteria. Moreover, the intense inflammatory response accompanied by fibrosis may be related to poor functioning of the gastric snakes, which it may exhibit frequent regurgitation of the food.(AU)

A cascavel (Crotalus durissus) é uma serpente de grande importância para a indústria biomédica, uma vez que seu veneno é utilizado para a produção de soro antiofídico e para pesquisas. Condições diversas relacionadas ao estado de saúde do animal, como doenças e parasitoses, que possam promover a diminuição da produção de veneno por essas serpentes, devem ser investigadas. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar os achados macro e microscópicos relacionados à presença de nematódeos Ophidascaris arndti nos estômagos de cascavéis. O trato gastrointestinal de 35 cascavéis capturadas na região Sudeste do Brasil foi avaliado Dessas, 19 apresentavam infestação pelo parasito, que foi encontrado predominantemente no estômago e no intestino delgado dos hospedeiros. Macroscopicamente, as lesões foram caracterizadas por úlceras nas camadas mucosas, ocasionalmente associadas com hemorragia. As alterações microscópicas apresentaram granulomas histiocíticos, fibrose, necrose e hemorragia. Baseado em tais achados, o diagnóstico de doença granulomatosa parasitária foi realizado. As lesões encontradas podem estar relacionadas à causa das mortes das serpentes em cativeiro, uma vez que podem favorecer infecções secundárias por bactérias oportunistas. Além disso, a intensa resposta inflamatória e a fibrose podem estar relacionadas ao mau funcionamento gástrico das serpentes, que podem apresentar frequente regurgitação do alimento.(AU)

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The tropical rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus) is a snake of great importance for biomedical industry since its poison is used for the production of antiophidic serum and researches. Several conditions related to animal health, such as diseases and parasites, which can promote the reduction of poison production by these snakes should be investigated. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to characterize the gross and microscopic lesions related to the presence of Ophidascaris arndti in stomachs of tropical rattlesnakes. The gastrointestinal tract of thirty-five South American rattlesnakes captured in Southeastern region of Brazil were analyzed and nineteen animals showed infestation by the parasites, found in the small intestine and, especially, in the stomach of the hosts. Grossly, lesions were characterized by mucosal ulcers occasionally associated with hemorrhage. Microscopic alterations included histiocytic granulomas, fibrosis, necrosis, and hemorrhage. Based on these findings, the diagnosis of a parasitic granulomatous disease was made. The lesions may be related to the cause of death in captivity snakes, since the lesions can promote secondary infections by opportunistic bacteria. Moreover, the intense inflammatory response accompanied by fibrosis may be related to poor functioning of the gastric snakes, which it may exhibit frequent regurgitation of the food.(AU)

A cascavel (Crotalus durissus) é uma serpente de grande importância para a indústria biomédica, uma vez que seu veneno é utilizado para a produção de soro antiofídico e para pesquisas. Condições diversas relacionadas ao estado de saúde do animal, como doenças e parasitoses, que possam promover a diminuição da produção de veneno por essas serpentes, devem ser investigadas. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar os achados macro e microscópicos relacionados à presença de nematódeos Ophidascaris arndti nos estômagos de cascavéis. O trato gastrointestinal de 35 cascavéis capturadas na região Sudeste do Brasil foi avaliado Dessas, 19 apresentavam infestação pelo parasito, que foi encontrado predominantemente no estômago e no intestino delgado dos hospedeiros. Macroscopicamente, as lesões foram caracterizadas por úlceras nas camadas mucosas, ocasionalmente associadas com hemorragia. As alterações microscópicas apresentaram granulomas histiocíticos, fibrose, necrose e hemorragia. Baseado em tais achados, o diagnóstico de doença granulomatosa parasitária foi realizado. As lesões encontradas podem estar relacionadas à causa das mortes das serpentes em cativeiro, uma vez que podem favorecer infecções secundárias por bactérias oportunistas. Além disso, a intensa resposta inflamatória e a fibrose podem estar relacionadas ao mau funcionamento gástrico das serpentes, que podem apresentar frequente regurgitação do alimento.(AU)

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BACKGROUND: Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), a newly described oncogenic virus, has been found in association with tumours other than Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). As yet, little is known about the involvement or influence of MCPyV on the development of these tumours and its prevalence in various populations. AIM: To assess the prevalence of MCPyV DNA in cases of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC). METHODS: The prevalence of MCPyV DNA was assessed in 96 cases of NMSC in a Brazilian population comprising 76 subjects, and these results were correlated with epidemiological and demographical data. RESULTS: MCPyV DNA was detected in 23 of 69 (33.3%) basal cell carcinomas, in 2 of 11 (18%) squamous cell carcinomas, 2 of 4 Bowen disease case, 0 of 1 MCC and 4 of 11 other skin disorders. CONCLUSION: Despite the frequent detection of MCPyV DNA in NMSC, its possible role in the development of NMSC still needs further investigation.