RESUMO
Bioactive glass macroporous structures were developed in this work to be used as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications. A sol-gel route was used to obtain glass foams with the introduction of a gas phase in the solution and by vigorous agitation of the sol-gel solution that contains a foam agent. Stable and homogeneous foams were formed near the gelation point, which were than dried and heat-treated. Macroporous structures with interconnected pores of up to 500 mu m, porosity as high as 88% and specific surface area of 92 m(2)/g were obtained. The porous glasses were tested in osteoblast cultures to evaluate adhesion, proliferation, collagen and alkaline phosphatase production. Osteoblast proliferation was higher in the presence of the foams as well as was the collagen secretion, when compared to control. The alkaline phosphatase production was not altered. Viable osteoblasts could be seen inside the foams, suggesting that the produced porous glass foams are a promising materials for bone repair, since it provides a good environment for the adhesion and proliferation of osteoblasts.
Assuntos
Materiais Biocompatíveis , Vidro , Osteoblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Osteoblastos/metabolismo , Osteoblastos/fisiologia , Fosfatase Alcalina/biossíntese , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Substitutos Ósseos , Adesão Celular , Técnicas de Cultura de Células , Proliferação de Células , Sobrevivência Celular , Células Cultivadas , Colágeno/biossíntese , Colágeno/metabolismo , Géis , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Osteoblastos/citologia , Osteoblastos/enzimologia , Osteoblastos/ultraestrutura , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Crânio/citologia , Engenharia TecidualRESUMO
PURPOSE: To assess anatomical characteristics of the aortic valve, so that they may be useful in diagnostic situations and surgical treatment. METHODS: The study analyzed 100 healthy fixed human hearts; 84% of them obtained from males, 61% of them from Caucasian individuals. The ages of the individuals ranged from 9 to 86 years (mean 30 +/- 15.5 years). The characteristics assessed related to age, sex, and race were the following: number and height of the cusps, size of the lunulae, internal and external intercommissural distance, position of the coronary ostium in relation to the aortic valve, position of the ventricular septum in relation to the aortic valve, thickness of the cusps. RESULTS: All hearts assessed had a tricuspidal aortic valve. In regard to the height of the cusps and size of the lunula, the left coronary cusp was larger, followed by the right coronary cusp and the noncoronary cusp. The internal and external intercommissural distances had mean values of 24.6 +/- 5.7 mm and 19.7 +/- 7 mm, respectively. In regard to the position of the coronary ostia, in one heart two ostia emerged from the left coronary sinus, and in another, the ostium was supracommissural. The mean diameter of the aorta was 21.8 +/- 3.6 mm, and there were no significant sexual or racial differences, but the diameter increased progressively with the increase in age. The thickness of the cusps did not show any significant difference in the 3 points assessed. CONCLUSION: The aortic valve annulus did not show a perfect circumference, with some variations in the measurements of the annulus, in the cusps and in the relation with the ventricular septum.
Assuntos
Valva Aórtica/anatomia & histologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
The recent improvement in the cardiac surgery requires a continuous study of the great anatomy of the heart. In this paper, we compare the anatomic pattern of the coronary artery between normal individuals and individuals with sintomatic ischemic disease of the heart. The anatomic pattern of circulation was carried out in two different groups: group I formed by 119 anatomical specimens taken from individuals whose cause of death was non-cardiac and group II formed by 150 live individuals with sintomatic coronary disease, on pre-operative management. In the former was performed epicardiectomy and in the latter, radiologic study. In group I was found 68% of right predominance, 13% of left predominance and 19% of balanced type of circulation. In group II was found 59%, 17% and 24%, respectively. When considering the number of branches that trespass the crux cordis in group I, there was 48% with only one branch, 28% with two, 17% with three, 4% with four and 3% with five branches. Performing the same study for group II, we found 47%, 29%, 14.6%, 3.4% and 6% respectively. Both groups were compared by Chi-square test and by Fisher's Exact test and no considerable difference was pointed out.