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Resumen La hidatidosis es una zoonosis producida por Echinococcus granulosus, de naturaleza endémica y con mayor prevalencia en zonas rurales. Su manifestación clínica depende del órgano que afecte y de la velocidad de crecimiento del parásito. La localización más frecuente es el parénquima hepático, manifestándose como hallazgo incidental cuando es asintomático o con síntomas como el cólico biliar. La Organización Panamericana de la Salud y la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) respaldan la clasificación de Gharbi y la OMS, que permite estimar el estadio de los quistes hidatídicos. Valoraremos los hallazgos imagenológicos mediante ecografía, tomografía computada y resonancia magnética, ya que son un pilar diagnóstico importante para determinar la ubicación y la caracterización de los quistes.

Abstract Hydatidosis is a zoonosis produced by Echinococcus granulosus, being of an endemic nature with a major prevalence on rural zones. Its clinical manifestations depend on the organ it affects and the parasite growth rate. The most frequent location is on liver's tissue, manifesting itself as an incidental finding when it is asymptomatic or with symptoms, as biliary colic. The Pan American Health Organization and World Health Organization (WHO) support Gharbi and WHO's classification, allowing to estimate the stage of the hydatid cyst. We will assess the imaging findings in ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging since they are an important diagnostic pilar to determine their location and characterization.

RESUMO

Objetivos: describir, en niños de 1-4 meses, a 3200 m de altura, la saturación de oxígeno (SpO2), los índices de apnea y la respiración periódica (RP) durante el sueño. Se realizaron polisomnografías en 18 lactantes sanos. Resultados: las medianas fueron de 87% para la SpO2 y de 7,2% para la RP del tiempo total de sueño. El índice de apnea central tuvo una mediana de 30,5 /hora, que disminuyó a 5,4/hora al descontar las apneas asociadas a RP. El p5 de la SpO2 para niños despiertos fue de 76% y, para niños dormidos, de 66%. Conclusiones: la SpO2 fue inferior a la del nivel del mar y la RP y el índice de apnea central, mayores; al descontar las apneas centrales asociadas a RP. Este último, fue similar a la del nivel del mar. A 3200 m, se requieren puntos diferentes para la SpO2 normal, uno para niños despiertos y otro si están dormidos.

Objectives: To describe, in infants aged 1-4 months old living at 3200 meters above sea level (MASL), oxygen saturation (SpO2), sleep apnea indices, and periodic breathing (PB) during sleep. Polysomnographies were done in 18 healthy infants. Results: The median SpO2 was 87%, and the median PB was 7.2% for the total sleep time. The median central sleep apnea index was 30.5/hour, which decreased to 5.4/hour once sleep apneas associated with PB were excluded. The 5th percentile for SpO2 was 76% among awake infants, and 66% among asleep infants. Conclusions: The SpO2 was lower than that observed at sea level, whereas PB and the central sleep apnea index were higher, once sleep apneas associated with PB were excluded. The latter was similar to that observed at sea level. At 3200 MASL, different cut-off points are required for a normal SpO2, one for infants during the waking state and one for infants during sleep.

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RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To describe, in infants aged 1-4 months old living at 3200 meters above sea level (MASL), oxygen saturation (SpO2), sleep apnea indices, and periodic breathing (PB) during sleep. Polysomnographies were done in 18 healthy infants. RESULTS: The median SpO2 was 87%, and the median PB was 7.2% for the total sleep time. The median central sleep apnea index was 30.5/hour, which decreased to 5.4/hour once sleep apneas associated with PB were excluded. The 5th percentile for SpO2 was 76% among awake infants, and 66% among asleep infants. CONCLUSIONS: The SpO2 was lower than that observed at sea level, whereas PB and the central sleep apnea index were higher, once sleep apneas associated with PB were excluded. The latter was similar to that observed at sea level. At 3200 MASL, different cut-off points are required for a normal SpO2, one for infants during the waking state and one for infants during sleep.

Objetivos: describir, en niños de 1-4 meses, a 3200 m de altura, la saturación de oxígeno (SpO2 ), los índices de apnea y la respiración periódica (RP) durante el sueño. Se realizaron polisomnografías en 18 lactantes sanos. Resultados: las medianas fueron de 87% para la SpO2 y de 7,2% para la RP del tiempo total de sueño. El índice de apnea central tuvo una mediana de 30,5/hora, que disminuyó a 5,4/hora al descontar las apneas asociadas a RP. El p5 de la SpO2 para niños despiertos fue de 76% y, para niños dormidos, de 66%. Conclusiones: la SpO2 fue inferior a la del nivel del mar y la RP y el índice de apnea central, mayores; al descontar las apneas centrales asociadas a RP. Este último, fue similar a la del nivel del mar. A 3200 m, se requieren puntos diferentes para la SpO2 normal, uno para niños despiertos y otro si están dormidos.

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UNLABELLED: There are few data in the literature related to polysomnography in infants in altitudes from 2,200 m to 2,800 m. The main objective of this investigation was to describe oxygen saturation (SpO2) levels during sleep in infants aged between 1 and 4 months living at an altitude of 2,560 m. The secondary objectives were the description of periodic breathing (PB) and apnea indexes. Polysomnography was performed in 35 healthy infants 1-4 months in Cuenca (Ecuador) at 2,560 m. The median for SpO2 was 92% and 4.9% for PB. The median for the central apnea index was 23.7/hour and 15.4/hour when related to PB. No correlation was found between PB and SpO2. CONCLUSION: SpO2 was lower than the values at sea level and PB and central apnea index were higher. When apneas associated with PB were not considered, the central apnea index was similar to that found at sea level.

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