RESUMO
RESUMEN Objetivos. Evaluar la actividad antimicrobiana de la Myrciaria dubia sobre microorganismos orales. Materiales y métodos . Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura siguiendo las recomendaciones PRISMA mediante búsquedas en Pubmed, LILACS, SciELO, ProQuest, EBSCO y Google Scholar, de estudios publicados durante 2008 y 2018. Resultados . Se recopilaron 11 estudios, in vitro, todos los estudios evidenciaron actividad antimicrobiana positiva, principalmente por cada una de las partes de sus frutos, sobre grampositivos. Sin embargo, dicha actividad fue comparada con clorhexidina en solo dos estudios y en otro resultó ser mejor que un antibiótico. Se detectó un alto riesgo de sesgo en la mayoría de estudios. Los compuestos fenólicos incluidos polifenoles y acilfloroglucinoles fueron señalados como los responsables de su actividad. Conclusiones . Existe evidencia sobre la actividad antimicrobiana de M. dubia. Su estudio como antimicrobiano contra microorganismos orales es aún incipiente, pero se advierte un gran potencial debido a los fitoquímicos potentes que posee. Además, se necesita más estudios de calidad, que comparen su actividad versus antisépticos orales y sobre más microorganismos asociados a caries dental y enfermedad periodontal.
ABSTRACT Objectives. To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Myrciaria dubia on oral microorganisms. Materials and Methods. A systematic review of the literature following PRISMA guidelines was conducted through searches of studies published between 2008 and 2018 in Pubmed, LILACS, SciELO, ProQuest, EBSCO, and Google Scholar. Results. Eleven (11) in vitro studies were gathered; all the studies showed positive antimicrobial activity on gram-positives, mainly by each of the parts of its fruits. However, such activity compared to chlorhexidine in only two studies, and, in another study, it was better than an antibiotic. A high risk of bias was detected in most studies. Phenolic compounds, including polyphenols and acylphloroglucinols, were identified as responsible for its activity. Conclusions. There is evidence of antimicrobial activity in M. dubia. Its study as an antimicrobial against oral microorganisms is still incipient, but there is great potential thanks to the potent phytochemicals it contains. Also, additional quality studies are required: comparing their activity versus oral antiseptics and on microorganisms associated with dental caries and periodontal disease.
Assuntos
Animais , Humanos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Myrtaceae/química , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Doenças Periodontais/microbiologia , Doenças Periodontais/tratamento farmacológico , Cárie Dentária/microbiologia , Cárie Dentária/tratamento farmacológico , Frutas , Anti-Infecciosos/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES.: To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Myrciaria dubia on oral microorganisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS.: A systematic review of the literature following PRISMA guidelines was conducted through searches of studies published between 2008 and 2018 in Pubmed, LILACS, SciELO, ProQuest, EBSCO, and Google Scholar. RESULTS.: Eleven (11) in vitro studies were gathered; all the studies showed positive antimicrobial activity on gram-positives, mainly by each of the parts of its fruits. However, such activity compared to chlorhexidine in only two studies, and, in another study, it was better than an antibiotic. A high risk of bias was detected in most studies. Phenolic compounds, including polyphenols and acylphloroglucinols, were identified as responsible for its activity. CONCLUSIONS.: There is evidence of antimicrobial activity in M. dubia. Its study as an antimicrobial against oral microorganisms is still incipient, but there is great potential thanks to the potent phytochemicals it contains. Also, additional quality studies are required: comparing their activity versus oral antiseptics and on microorganisms associated with dental caries and periodontal disease.
OBJETIVOS.: Evaluar la actividad antimicrobiana de la Myrciaria dubia sobre microorganismos orales. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: . Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura siguiendo las recomendaciones PRISMA mediante búsquedas en Pubmed, LILACS, SciELO, ProQuest, EBSCO y Google Scholar, de estudios publicados durante 2008 y 2018. RESULTADOS: . Se recopilaron 11 estudios, in vitro, todos los estudios evidenciaron actividad antimicrobiana positiva, principalmente por cada una de las partes de sus frutos, sobre grampositivos. Sin embargo, dicha actividad fue comparada con clorhexidina en solo dos estudios y en otro resultó ser mejor que un antibiótico. Se detectó un alto riesgo de sesgo en la mayoría de estudios. Los compuestos fenólicos incluidos polifenoles y acilfloroglucinoles fueron señalados como los responsables de su actividad. CONCLUSIONES: . Existe evidencia sobre la actividad antimicrobiana de M. dubia. Su estudio como antimicrobiano contra microorganismos orales es aún incipiente, pero se advierte un gran potencial debido a los fitoquímicos potentes que posee. Además, se necesita más estudios de calidad, que comparen su actividad versus antisépticos orales y sobre más microorganismos asociados a caries dental y enfermedad periodontal.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Myrtaceae/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Anti-Infecciosos/isolamento & purificação , Cárie Dentária/tratamento farmacológico , Cárie Dentária/microbiologia , Frutas , Humanos , Doenças Periodontais/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Periodontais/microbiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Leptospirosis is a potentially lethal zoonosis mainly affecting low-resource tropical countries, including Peru and its neighbouring countries. Timely diagnosis of leptospirosis is critical but may be challenging in the regions where it is most prevalent. The serodiagnostic gold standard microagglutination test (MAT) may be technically prohibitive. Our objective in this study was to assess the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of an IgM antibody capture enzyme-linked immunoassay (MAC-ELISA) derived from the M20 strain of Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni (M20) by comparison to MAT, which was used as the gold standard method of diagnosis. METHODS: Acute and convalescent sera from participants participating in a passive febrile surveillance study in multiple regions of Peru were tested by both IgM MAC-ELISA and MAT. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value (PPV, NPV) of the MAC-ELISA assay for acute, convalescent and paired sera by comparison to MAT were calculated. RESULTS: The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of the MAC-ELISA assay for acute sera were 92.3%, 56.0%, 35.3% and 96.6% respectively. For convalescent sera, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of the MAC-ELISA assay were 93.3%, 51.5%, 63.6% and 89.5% respectively. For paired sera, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of the MAC-ELISA assay were 93.6%, 37.5%, 59.2%, 85.7% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The M20 MAC-ELISA assay performed with a high sensitivity and low specificity in the acute phase of illness. Sensitivity was similar as compared with MAT in the convalescent phase and specificity remained low. Paired sera were the most sensitive but least specific by comparison to MAT serodiagnosis. NPV for acute, convalescent and paired sera was high. The limited specificity and high sensitivity of the MAC-ELISA IgM suggests that it would be most valuable to exclude leptospirosis in low-resource regions that lack immediate access to definitive reference laboratory techniques such as MAT.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Bactérias , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/métodos , Febre/diagnóstico , Leptospira interrogans/imunologia , Leptospirose/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Antígenos de Bactérias/sangue , Antígenos de Bactérias/imunologia , Criança , Feminino , Febre/imunologia , Febre/microbiologia , Humanos , Leptospira interrogans/genética , Leptospirose/sangue , Leptospirose/imunologia , Leptospirose/microbiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Clinical microbiology laboratories in Peru have the task to diagnose the infectious agents present in the clinical samples, for this, they have different tools available; their use depends on having material and human resources. The microbiological laboratory can perform simple and complex tests, depending on the level, the geographical location and the available resources. We mention the problems found with the available laboratory procedures and their potential diagnostic aid. We emphasize the need of having standardised procedures, the continuous education and training of the staff, and the importance of the laboratory network led by the Instituto Nacional de Salud.
Assuntos
Diarreia/diagnóstico , Diarreia/microbiologia , Humanos , Técnicas MicrobiológicasRESUMO
20 years ago, a new diarrheal disease was introduced in Peru and the Enteropathogens Reference Laboratory of the Instituto Nacional de Salud had an outstanding role in the isolation and rapid and timely identification of Vibrio cholerae. Cholera had not been seen before, but during the last week of January 1991 an outbreak of acute diarrhea was detected, presenting intense dehydration and some deaths. The epidemic affected, in the beginning, many locations of the peruvian coast. Some working teams of the General Office of Epidemiology and of the Instituto Nacional de Salud obtained fecal samples from patients with acute diarrhea coming from the cities of Chancay, Chimbote, Piura and some hospitals in Lima. The collected samples were transported on Cary and Blair media and processed in the National Reference Laboratory of Enteropathogens (LANARE) of the Instituto Nacional de Salud. Vibrio cholerae serogroup 01 biovar El Tor serovar Inaba was isolated from all the samples, it was sensible to tetracyclines and other antibiotics. This research confirmed the first outbreak of cholera in Peru.
Assuntos
Cólera/epidemiologia , Cólera/virologia , Epidemias , Vibrio cholerae/classificação , Virologia/história , História do Século XX , Humanos , Peru/epidemiologia , Vibrio cholerae/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Los laboratorios de Microbiología Clínica en el Perú cumplen con la labor de diagnosticar los agentes infecciosos presentes en las muestras clínicas, para lo cual cuentan con diferentes herramientas; su utilización depende de contar con recursos materiales y humanos. El laboratorio microbiológico puede realizar pruebas simples como complejas dependiendo del nivel en que se encuentra, la ubicación geográfica y los recursos disponibles. Se mencionan los problemas encontrados con los procedimientos de laboratorio disponibles y su potencial en la ayuda diagnóstica. Se hace hincapié en contar con procedimientos estandarizados, formación y capacitación continua del personal, así como la importancia de la red de laboratorios liderada por el Instituto Nacional de Salud.
Clinical microbiology laboratories in Peru have the task to diagnose the infectious agents present in the clinical samples, for this, they have different tools available; their use depends on having material and human resources. The microbiological laboratory can perform simple and complex tests, depending on the level, the geographical location and the available resources. We mention the problems found with the available laboratory procedures and their potential diagnostic aid. We emphasize the need of having standardised procedures, the continuous education and training of the staff, and the importance of the laboratory network led by the Instituto Nacional de Salud.
Assuntos
Humanos , Diarreia/diagnóstico , Diarreia/microbiologia , Técnicas MicrobiológicasRESUMO
Hace 20 años apareció una enfermedad diarreica nueva en el Perú y el Laboratorio de Referencia de Enteropatógenos del Instituto Nacional de Salud, cumplió una labor destacada en el aislamiento e identificación rápida y oportuna del Vibrio cholerae. La enfermedad del cólera no se había presentado anteriormente, pero en la última semana de enero de 1991 se detectó un brote epidémico de diarrea aguda con deshidratación intensa y algunos casos de fallecidos. La epidemia afectó, al comienzo, varias localidades del litoral peruano. Equipos de trabajo de la Oficina General de Epidemiología y de los laboratorios del Instituto Nacional de Salud obtuvieron muestras fecales de pacientes con diarrea aguda procedentes de las ciudades de Chancay, Chimbote, Piura y algunos hospitales de Lima. Las muestras colectadas en el medio de transporte de Cary y Blair fueron procesadas en el Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia de Enteropatógenos (LANARE) del Instituto Nacional de Salud. De todas las muestras se aisló e identificó Vibrio cholerae serogrupo O1 biovar El Tor serovar Inaba que mostró ser sensible a la tetraciclina y a otros antibióticos. Esta investigación confirmó el primer brote epidémico de cólera en el Perú.
20 years ago, a new diarrheal disease was introduced in Peru and the Enteropathogens Reference Laboratory of the Instituto Nacional de Salud had an outstanding role in the isolation and rapid and timely identification of Vibrio cholerae. Cholera had not been seen before, but during the last week of January 1991 an outbreak of acute diarrhea was detected, presenting intense dehydration and some deaths. The epidemic affected, in the beginning, many locations of the peruvian coast. Some working teams of the General Office of Epidemiology and of the Instituto Nacional de Salud obtained fecal samples from patients with acute diarrhea coming from the cities of Chancay, Chimbote, Piura and some hospitals in Lima. The collected samples were transported on Cary and Blair media and processed in the National Reference Laboratory of Enteropathogens (LANARE) of the Instituto Nacional de Salud. Vibrio cholerae serogroup 01 biovar El Tor serovar Inaba was isolated from all the samples, it was sensible to tetracyclines and other antibiotics. This research confirmed the first outbreak of cholera in Peru.
Assuntos
História do Século XX , Humanos , Cólera/epidemiologia , Cólera/virologia , Epidemias , Vibrio cholerae/classificação , Virologia/história , Peru/epidemiologia , Vibrio cholerae/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Brucellosis is an important public health problem in Peru. We evaluated 48 human Brucella melitensis biotype 1 strains from Peru between 2000 and 2006. MICs of isolates to doxycycline, azithromycin, gentamicin, rifampin, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were determined by the Etest method. All isolates were sensitive to tested drugs during the periods of testing. Relapses did not appear to be related to drug resistance.
Assuntos
Brucella melitensis/efeitos dos fármacos , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Azitromicina/farmacologia , Brucelose/microbiologia , Ciprofloxacina/farmacologia , Doxiciclina/farmacologia , Gentamicinas/farmacologia , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Peru , Rifampina/farmacologia , Combinação Trimetoprima e Sulfametoxazol/farmacologiaRESUMO
Hace 20 años apareció una enfermedad diarreica nueva en el Perú y el Laboratorio de Referencia de Enteropatógenos del Instituto Nacional de Salud, cumplió una labor destacada en el aislamiento e identificación rápida y oportuna del Vibrio cholerae. La enfermedad del cólera no se había presentado anteriormente, pero en la última semana de enero de 1991 se detectó un brote epidémico de diarrea aguda con deshidratación intensa y algunos casos de fallecidos. La epidemia afectó, al comienzo, varias localidades del litoral peruano. Equipos de trabajo de la Oficina General de Epidemiología y de los laboratorios del Instituto Nacional de Salud obtuvieron muestras fecales de pacientes con diarrea aguda procedentes de las ciudades de Chancay, Chimbote, Piura y algunos hospitales de Lima. Las muestras colectadas en el medio de transporte de Cary y Blair fueron procesadas en el Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia de Enteropatógenos (LANARE) del Instituto Nacional de Salud. De todas las muestras se aisló e identificó Vibrio cholerae serogrupo O1 biovar El Tor serovar Inaba que mostró ser sensible a la tetraciclina y a otros antibióticos. Esta investigación confirmó el primer brote epidémico de cólera en el Perú.(AU)
20 years ago, a new diarrheal disease was introduced in Peru and the Enteropathogens Reference Laboratory of the Instituto Nacional de Salud had an outstanding role in the isolation and rapid and timely identification of Vibrio cholerae. Cholera had not been seen before, but during the last week of January 1991 an outbreak of acute diarrhea was detected, presenting intense dehydration and some deaths. The epidemic affected, in the beginning, many locations of the peruvian coast. Some working teams of the General Office of Epidemiology and of the Instituto Nacional de Salud obtained fecal samples from patients with acute diarrhea coming from the cities of Chancay, Chimbote, Piura and some hospitals in Lima. The collected samples were transported on Cary and Blair media and processed in the National Reference Laboratory of Enteropathogens (LANARE) of the Instituto Nacional de Salud. Vibrio cholerae serogroup 01 biovar El Tor serovar Inaba was isolated from all the samples, it was sensible to tetracyclines and other antibiotics. This research confirmed the first outbreak of cholera in Peru.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Vibrio cholerae não O1 , Surtos de Doenças , PeruRESUMO
Los laboratorios de Microbiología Clínica en el Perú cumplen con la labor de diagnosticar los agentes infecciosos presentes en las muestras clínicas, para lo cual cuentan con diferentes herramientas; su utilización depende de contar con recursos materiales y humanos. El laboratorio microbiológico puede realizar pruebas simples como complejas dependiendo del nivel en que se encuentra, la ubicación geográfica y los recursos disponibles. Se mencionan los problemas encontrados con los procedimientos de laboratorio disponibles y su potencial en la ayuda diagnóstica. Se hace hincapié en contar con procedimientos estandarizados, formación y capacitación continua del personal, así como la importancia de la red de laboratorios liderada por el Instituto Nacional de Salud.(AU)
Clinical microbiology laboratories in Peru have the task to diagnose the infectious agents present in the clinical samples, for this, they have different tools available; their use depends on having material and human resources. The microbiological laboratory can perform simple and complex tests, depending on the level, the geographical location and the available resources. We mention the problems found with the available laboratory procedures and their potential diagnostic aid. We emphasize the need of having standardised procedures, the continuous education and training of the staff, and the importance of the laboratory network led by the Instituto Nacional de Salud.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Diarreia/microbiologia , Diarreia/diagnóstico , PeruRESUMO
Recent human Brucella melitensis isolates from Peru were genotyped by multiple locus variable number repeat analysis. All 24 isolates originated from hospitalized patients living in the central part of Peru and consisted of six genomic groups comprising two to four isolates and nine unique genotypes. The isolates were most closely related to the two previously genotyped isolates from Mexico, with a maximum distance of 2 to 4. The Peruvian strains were clearly distinct from the East and West Mediterranean groups of B. melitensis genotypes, suggesting that they may constitute a unique Latin American cluster.
Assuntos
Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana/métodos , Brucella melitensis/genética , Brucelose/genética , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA/métodos , Animais , Brucella melitensis/classificação , Marcadores Genéticos/genética , Genótipo , Cabras/microbiologia , Humanos , Peru , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Recidiva , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
El Perú es un país endémico de Brucelosis, por lo que existe el riesgo de transmisión a través de sangre donada por no ser parte del tamizaje regular que realizan los bancos de sangre. Para conocer la prevalencia de anticuerpos contra Brucella en donantes del banco de sangre del Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, se analizó 1003 muestras de suero. La prueba tamiz fue Rosa de Bengala (RB); las muestras positivas fueron evaluadas por las pruebas de aglutinación en tubo (AT) y 2-Mercaptoetanol (2-ME). Dos donantes fueron positivos a RB, confirmados por AT y 2-ME, se encontró una prevalencia de 0,20 por ciento (IC99 por ciento: 0,01-0,92). Se demostró la presencia de donantes portadores de anticuerpos contra Brucella con posible Brucelosis activa, evidenciándose la posibilidad de transmisión de esta infección. Se debe realizar mayores estudios con la finalidad de conocer la realidad de otros bancos de sangre.
Peru is an endemic country for Brucellosis, consequently, there is a risk of transmission through donated blood, by not to be part of regular screening carried out by blood banks. To determine the prevalence of antibodies against Brucella in the donor blood bank from Edgardo Rebagliatti Martins Hospital (Lima, Peru), were analyzed 1003 samples of blood donors. The screening was Rose Bengal test (RB); the positive samples were evaluated by tube agglutination test (AT) and 2-mercaptoethanol test (2-ME). Two donors were positives to RB, and confirmed by AT and 2-ME, was found a prevalence of 0.20 per cent (99 per cent CI: 0.10-0.92). It showed the presence of carrier donors of anti-Brucella antibodies with possible active brucellosis, was demonstrated, being evidenced the possibility to infection transmission. More studies have to be made to know the reality in other blood banks.
Assuntos
Humanos , Bancos de Sangue , Brucelose , Fatores de Risco , Prevalência , Seleção do Doador , Serviço de Hemoterapia , Transfusão de Sangue , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
Se estudian las pruebas serológicas de 29 pacientes con diagnóstico bacterológico de brucelosis. Los éxamenes realizados fueron: aglutinaciones en placa, aglutinaciones en tubo y fenómeno de zona. Se evalúan los resultados del fenómeno de zona en relación con las aglutinaciones en placa y en tubo. El análisis nos indica que el fenómeno de zona no guarda relación con el tiempo de enfermedad, por los que se puede presentar en la brucelosis aguda, subaguda o crónica. El fenómeno de zona se presentó en la mayoría de los pacientes con títulos bajos (menores de 1/50). Los sueros de pacientes con brucelosis y fenómeno de zona con títulos altos (1/100 o más) son infrecuentes y podrían estar asociados a títulos altos de aglutininas
Assuntos
Aglutinação/imunologia , Brucelose/diagnóstico , Brucelose/imunologia , Aglutinação/imunologiaRESUMO
En 29 pacientes con diagnóstico bacteriológico de brucelosis, se estudiaron los Anticuerpos Incompletos (AI), encontrando que no guardan relación con el tiempo de enfermedad, porque puede presentarse en la fase aguda, subaguda o crónica de la enfermedad. Su utilidad diagnóstica se limita a pacientes con cuadro clínico de brucelosis y aglutinaciones en placa o tubo negativos