RESUMO
The superior cervical ganglion (SCG) provides sympathetic input to the head and neck, its relation with mandible, submandibular glands, eyes (second and third order control) and pineal gland being demonstrated in laboratory animals. In addition, the SCG's role in some neuropathies can be clearly seen in Horner's syndrome. In spite of several studies published involving rats and mice, there is little morphological descriptive and comparative data of SCG from large mammals. Thus, we investigated the SCG's macro- and microstructural organization in medium (dogs and cats) and large animals (horses) during a very specific period of the post-natal development, namely maturation (from young to adults). The SCG of dogs, cats and horses were spindle shaped and located deeply into the bifurcation of the common carotid artery, close to the distal vagus ganglion and more related to the internal carotid artery in dogs and horses, and to the occipital artery in cats. As to macromorphometrical data, that is ganglion length, there was a 23.6% increase from young to adult dogs, a 1.8% increase from young to adult cats and finally a 34% increase from young to adult horses. Histologically, the SCG's microstructure was quite similar between young and adult animals and among the 3 species. The SCG was divided into distinct compartments (ganglion units) by capsular septa of connective tissue. Inside each ganglion unit the most prominent cellular elements were ganglion neurons, glial cells and small intensely fluorescent cells, comprising the ganglion's morphological triad. Given this morphological arrangement, that is a summation of all ganglion units, SCG from dogs, cats and horses are better characterized as a ganglion complex rather than following the classical ganglion concept. During maturation (from young to adults) there was a 32.7% increase in the SCG's connective capsule in dogs, a 25.8% increase in cats and a 33.2% increase in horses. There was an age-related increase in the neuronal profile size in the SCG from young to adult animals, that is a 1.6-fold, 1.9-fold and 1.6-fold increase in dogs, cats and horses, respectively. On the other hand, there was an age-related decrease in the nuclear profile size of SCG neurons from young to adult animals (0.9-fold, 0.7-fold and 0.8-fold in dogs, cats and horses, respectively). Ganglion connective capsule is composed of 2 or 3 layers of collagen fibres in juxtaposition and, as observed in light microscopy and independently of the animal's age, ganglion neurons were organised in ganglionic units containing the same morphological triad seen in light microscopy.
Assuntos
Gânglio Cervical Superior/citologia , Gânglio Cervical Superior/ultraestrutura , Fatores Etários , Anatomia Veterinária , Animais , Gatos , Cães , Cavalos , MasculinoRESUMO
Nesta pesquisa o aspecto macroestrutural, microestrutural e histoquímico foram investigados em 6 cães clinicamente saudáveis para identificar a possível alteração na estrutura, morfométrica e parâmetros quantitativos de neurônios do complexo ganglionar celíaco. Nossa observação revela que o gânglio celíaco foi originado da origem da artéria celíaca e mostra um aspecto irregular sendo caracterizado como um complexo. Histoquimicamente, neurônios NADPH diaforase reativos foram identificados. Esta reação positiva, em animais saudáveis, permite-nos concluir que estes neurônios eram potencialmente nitrergicos, contudo, para confirmar o aspecto nitrergico para estes neurônios ele é necessário combinar métodos imunohistoquimicos.(AU)
In this research, the macrostructural, microstructural and histochemical aspects were Investigated in 6 clinacally health dogs to identify the possible alterations on the structure, morphometric and qualitative parameteres of neurons of the celiac ganglionar complex. Our observations revealed that the celiac ganglion was originated dose to the origin of the celiac artery and showed a irregular aspect, being caractherized as a complex. Histochemical/y, neurons NADPH diaphorase reactives were identified. This positive reaction, on health animais, led us to conclude this neurons were potentially nitrergic, besides, to confirm the nitrergic aspect for this neurons it isnecessary to combine immunohistochemical method.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Gânglios Simpáticos/anatomia & histologia , Artéria Celíaca/anatomia & histologia , Neurônios/fisiologia , CãesRESUMO
Nesta pesquisa o aspecto macroestrutural, microestrutural e histoquímico foram investigados em 6 cães clinicamente saudáveis para identificar a possível alteração na estrutura, morfométrica e parâmetros quantitativos de neurônios do complexo ganglionar celíaco. Nossa observação revela que o gânglio celíaco foi originado da origem da artéria celíaca e mostra um aspecto irregular sendo caracterizado como um complexo. Histoquimicamente, neurônios NADPH diaforase reativos foram identificados. Esta reação positiva, em animais saudáveis, permite-nos concluir que estes neurônios eram potencialmente nitrergicos, contudo, para confirmar o aspecto nitrergico para estes neurônios ele é necessário combinar métodos imunohistoquimicos.
In this research, the macrostructural, microstructural and histochemical aspects were Investigated in 6 clinacally health dogs to identify the possible alterations on the structure, morphometric and qualitative parameteres of neurons of the celiac ganglionar complex. Our observations revealed that the celiac ganglion was originated dose to the origin of the celiac artery and showed a irregular aspect, being caractherized as a complex. Histochemical/y, neurons NADPH diaphorase reactives were identified. This positive reaction, on health animais, led us to conclude this neurons were potentially nitrergic, besides, to confirm the nitrergic aspect for this neurons it isnecessary to combine immunohistochemical method.
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Artéria Celíaca/anatomia & histologia , Cães , Gânglios Simpáticos/anatomia & histologia , Neurônios/fisiologiaRESUMO
Doze cães domésticos (Canis familiaris) foram dissecados para o estudo da situação, arranjo e ramificação nervosa do gânglio distal do nervo vago e gânglio cervical cranial. Os gânglios apresentaram-se fusiformes e recobertos pelo músuculo digástrico. Os principais ramos do gânglio cervical cranial observados foram os ramos para a artéria carótida externa e artéria carótida interna. Destacou-se o nervo laringeal cranial como ramo do gânglio distal do nervo vago. O estudo revelou gânglio cervical cranial e o gânglio distal do vago eram estruturas bem desenvolvidas e não encontrou-se diferenças anatômicas entre os gânglios observados em ambos antímeros.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Gânglios , Sistema Nervoso , Gânglio Nodoso , CãesRESUMO
Doze cães domésticos (Canis familiaris) foram dissecados para o estudo da situação, arranjo e ramificação nervosa do gânglio distal do nervo vago e gânglio cervical cranial. Os gânglios apresentaram-se fusiformes e recobertos pelo músuculo digástrico. Os principais ramos do gânglio cervical cranial observados foram os ramos para a artéria carótida externa e artéria carótida interna. Destacou-se o nervo laringeal cranial como ramo do gânglio distal do nervo vago. O estudo revelou gânglio cervical cranial e o gânglio distal do vago eram estruturas bem desenvolvidas e não encontrou-se diferenças anatômicas entre os gânglios observados em ambos antímeros.