RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to describe the prognostic impact of microvascular invasion (MVI) in patients with non-metastatic renal cell cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We carried out a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study of patients with non-metastatic renal cell carcinoma who had undergone a radical or partial nephrectomy. Patients were divided according to the presence of MVI. In each group, clinical and pathological characteristics were evaluated. Metastasis-free and cancer-specific survival was evaluated by the Kaplan Meier method. The multivariate analysis was performed with Cox proportional method in order to predict risk factors of metastasis and cancer-specific mortality. RESULTS: A total of 221 patients with a median of 40-month long follow-up were evaluated. Patients with MVI+ were 40 (18%) while those with MVI - were 181 (82%). In the univariate analysis, the presence of MVI had a strong correlation with symptomatic tumors (OR 3.56; p 0.0003), tumor size (OR 12.08; p <0.0001), nuclear grade (OR 6.99; p <0.0001), pathological stage (OR 35.8; p <0.0001), distance metastasis (OR 4.16; p 0.0001), and death by cancer (OR 4.7; p 0.0004). However, in the multivariate analysis it is not presented as an independent predictor of metastasis (HR 0.45; p 0.11) or cancer-specific mortality (HR 0.93; p 0.91). CONCLUSIONS: In our series, MVI is associated with unfavorable tumors characteristics. In spite of this, it does not seem to be an independent predictor for metastasis and death by non-metastatic renal cancer.
RESUMO
Objetivos: Evaluar las características clínicas, patológicas y evolutivas en diferentes grupos etarios con cáncer renal. Materiales y métodos: Se llevó a cabo un análisis retrospectivo, descriptivo y analítico de 269 pacientes con carcinoma de células renales. Los pacientes fueron divididos en tres grupos de acuerdo con la edad al momento del diagnóstico: <50 años, entre 50 y 65 años y >65 años. En cada grupo se evaluaron características clínicas (edad, sexo, presencia de manifestaciones clínicas), patológicas (diámetro tumoral, tipo histológico, estadío patológico [TNM 2009], grado histológico, presencia de necrosis coagulativa, invasión microvascular, presencia de elementos sarcomatoides, compromiso de la grasa periférica, compromiso vascular macroscópico de vena renal o cava inferior e invasión ganglionar) y presencia de metástasis a distancia al diagnóstico. El análisis univariado de las variables categóricas fue realizado por el método de chi cuadrado o test de Fischer según correspondiera; las variables continuas fueron calculadas según el test de Student. Los puntos principales del trabajo, la sobrevida libre de metástasis y la sobrevida cáncer-específica fueron evaluados mediante el método de Kaplan-Meier y las diferencias entre los grupos fueron evaluadas por el Log-Rank test. Resultados: De los 269 pacientes estudiados, 40 (14,88%) corresponden a <50 años, 136 (50,55%) corresponden a pacientes entre 50 y 65 años y 93 (34,57%) corresponden a pacientes >65 años de edad. No existieron diferencias significativas al evaluar variables clínicas. Los pacientes <50 años presentaron mayor número de nefrectomías parciales (p=0,04), menor grado histológico (p=0,05), necrosis coagulativa (p=0,002), infiltración de la grasa periférica (p=0,02) y compromiso ganglionar (p=0,05). La sobrevida libre de metástasis a 5 años en pacientes <50 años fue del 95%; en los grupos entre 50-65 años y >65 años fue del 70% y el 71%, respectivamente, con diferencias significativas (Log-Rank test=0,004). De la misma manera, al comparar la sobrevida cáncerespecífica a 5 años entre los grupos se pudo evidenciar que las diferencias también fueron significativas a favor de pacientes <50 años (<50 años del 98%, 50-65 años del 79% y >65 años del 83%; Log-Rank test=0,02). Conclusiones: En nuestra serie, los pacientes >50 años de edad se asociaron a características patológicas y evolutivas desfavorables al ser comparados con pacientes de menor edad. Sin embargo, creemos que el seguimiento no debiera limitarse exclusivamente a la edad, sino que debiera incluir el resultado de todas las variables pronósticas de malignidad en cáncer renal (AU)
Objectives: To evaluate clinical, pathological and evolutionary characteristics in different age groups with renal cancer. Materials and methods: A retrospective, descriptive and analytics analysis of 269 patients with renal cell cancer was made. Patients were divided in three groups according to age at the moment of diagnosis: <50 years old, between 50 y 65 years old and >65 years old. In each group clinical (age, sex, presence of clinical manifestations), pathological (tumor diameter, histological type, pathological stage (TNM2009), histological grade, presence of coagulative necrosis, microvascular invasion, presence of sarcomatoid elements, peripheral fat compromise, renal vein or inferior cava vein macroscopic vascular compromise, and nodes invasion) characteristics and presence of distance metastasis at diagnosis were evaluated. Univariated analysis of categorical variables was made by Chi square or Fischer test just as correspond; continuous variables were calculated by Student test. Main points, metastasis free and cancer-specific survival, were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier method and differences between groups by the Log-Rank test. Results: Of 269 patients studied, 40 (14.88%) were <50 years old group, 136 (50.55%) between 50 and 65 years old group and 93 (34.57%) >65 years old group. There are no significative differences when we evaluate clinical variables. Patients in <50 years old group had higher number of nephron-sparing surgery (p=0.04), lower histological grade (p=0.05), coagulative necrosis (p=0.002), peripheral fat invasion (p=0.02) and node invasion (p=0.05). Metastasis free survival at 5 years in this group was 95%; in 50-65 years old group and >65 years old group was 70% and 71%, respectively, with significant differences (Log-Rank test=0.004). Likewise, when we compared cancer-specific survival at 5 years between groups, we demonstrate that differences are significant in favor of patients younger than 50 years old (<50 years old 98%, 50-65 years old 79% and >65 years old 83%; Log-Rank test=0.02). Conclusions: In our series, age >50 years old is associated with unfavorable pathological and evolutionary characteristics to be compared with younger patients. However, we believe that the follow-up should not be limited only to the age but should include the results of all prognostic variables of malignancy in kidney cancer. (AU)