RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To describe the development of 4 new cases of leishmaniasis in patients receiving anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (anti-TNF) agents and review the pertinent literature. METHODS: Chart review of the 4 cases and MEDLINE search for additional reported cases. RESULTS: All reported cases, including ours, came from endemic areas. The infection was detected on an average of 23.5 months after the initiation of anti-TNF therapy. The majority of cases had the classical clinical presentation. The biological therapy was suspended in 21 cases. The results were successful for leishmaniasis therapy in all cases. In 10 cases it was possible to reintroduce anti-TNF agents. On follow-up it was observed that there was an infection relapse in 3 cases. CONCLUSIONS: The present study shows that leishmaniasis, in its several clinical forms, should be included in the differential diagnosis of possible infections involving patients under use of aTNF therapy. Endemic disease under geographic expansion, easy international displacement and intense human migratory flows certainly represents a risk of this infection in an increasing universe of people which includes the immunosuppressed patients. Cutaneous lesions, prolonged fever, splenomegaly, and pancytopenias, the main clinical-laboratory findings of leishmaniasis, can also be present in autoimmune rheumatic disease, thus leading to delayed diagnosis and treatment of the parasitic disease. The diagnosis depends basically on a high suspicion index, being confirmed with the identification of the protozoan. The classic treatment of the infection when instituted is associated with complete recovery. It is important to point out that all cases reported so far had either originated from or been recently in regions regarded as endemic of leishmaniasis.
Assuntos
Antirreumáticos/efeitos adversos , Artrite Reumatoide/tratamento farmacológico , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Leishmaniose/imunologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/antagonistas & inibidores , Adulto , Idoso , Artrite Reumatoide/imunologia , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP) have been described almost exclusively in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Recently, these autoantibodies have been found in patients with active tuberculosis. Leprosy is another mycobacterial disease where the presence of autoantibodies has been described by several authors. In this study, 64 patients with leprosy (32 paucibacillary and 32 multibacillary forms of the disease) were evaluated and only 2 patients were positive for the presence of anti-CCP. The low frequency of anti-CCP in leprosy sera demonstrated in our study illustrates the high specificity of anti-CCP for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis.
Assuntos
Autoanticorpos/sangue , Hanseníase/sangue , Hanseníase/imunologia , Peptídeos Cíclicos/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Artrite Reumatoide/sangue , Artrite Reumatoide/diagnóstico , Artrite Reumatoide/imunologia , Biomarcadores/sangue , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Hanseníase/diagnóstico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
O envolvimento do sistema osteoarticular na criptococose ocorre, particularmente, nas formas disseminadas da infecção, afetando principalmente indivíduos imunodeprimidos. O sistema ósseo é acometido em 5 a 10 por cento dos casos e o sistema articular é raramente comprometido. Até o momento, há 31 casos de artrite criptocócica relatados na literatura médica e, nesta série, apenas 2 casos de sacroiliíte criptocócica. Os autores relatam o caso de um paciente com síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida (AIDS), que desenvolveu criptococose disseminada, complicada com sacroiliíte bilateral. Este se constitui no primeiro caso de sacroiliíte criptocócica relatado na literatura médica brasileira e sul-americana.
The involvement of osseous and articular system in cryptococcosis occurs particularly in the disseminated forms of the infection, affecting mostly immunossupressed hosts. The bone system is compromised in 5 to 10 percent of the cases, and the articular system is rarely implicated. Until now, there are 31 related cases of cryptococcal arthritis in the medical literature, and in this serie, only 02 cases of criptococcal sacroiliitis. The authors discuss a case of a patient with AIDS that developed disseminated cryptococcosis, complicated with bilateral sacroiliitis. To our knowledge this is the first case of cryptococcal sacroiliitis related in the Brazilian and South-American medical literature.