RESUMO
The humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) is a cosmopolitan migratory, seasonal mysticete that frequents the Brazilian coast. Strands of specimens may occur during the migratory stay in the country. In 2021 and 2022, three live humpback whales stranded on the coast of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina states in southern Brazil. After euthanasia, specimens were necropsied, and organs were thoroughly examined for lesions. Grossly, in all three cases, the liver exhibited multifocal, irregular, firm, white areas on the hepatic capsule, which extended into the parenchyma. On the cut surface, the livers were yellow to pale brown with orangish to greenish areas, the bile ducts were prominent, thickened, and severely dilated, and leaf-shaped flukes were found inside of them. Additionally, one case showed moderate atrophy of the right hepatic lobe. The histological findings included dilation of bile ducts, hyperplasia of the bile duct epithelium, marked inflammatory infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and eosinophils, and portal fibrosis. The parasite Brachycladium goliath was both morphologically and molecularly identified based on diagnostic key for trematodes and the original description of the species, and the amplification and sequencing of the ITS-2 region, respectively. Even though hepatic injury was not the primary cause of stranding, it may have contributed to the debilitation of the whales. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study that reports M. novaeangliae as a definitive host of B. goliath and that describes the lesions caused by the parasite in cetaceans.
Assuntos
Jubarte , Fígado , Trematódeos , Infecções por Trematódeos , Animais , Jubarte/parasitologia , Brasil , Trematódeos/classificação , Trematódeos/anatomia & histologia , Trematódeos/isolamento & purificação , Trematódeos/genética , Fígado/parasitologia , Fígado/patologia , Infecções por Trematódeos/veterinária , Infecções por Trematódeos/parasitologia , Filogenia , MasculinoRESUMO
We describe an unusual outbreak of mortality in suckling piglets following the misadministration of an oral vaccine against Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Choleraesuis. Within 3-48 h of vaccination of a batch of ~700 piglets, ~300 developed marked swelling in the dorsal neck region, respiratory distress, fever, recumbency, and apathy. In total, ~100 died, and 4 were submitted for autopsy. Gross and microscopic lesions consisted of focally extensive areas of purple discoloration in the skin of the cervical region, associated with edema and hemorrhage in the subcutis and muscles. Additionally, there was interstitial pneumonia with marked interlobular edema and mild fibrinous pleuritis. Aerobic bacterial culture identified Salmonella Typhimurium (3 cases) and Salmonella Choleraesuis (1 case) in samples of skeletal muscle and lung and from pleural swab samples. Marked immunostaining against Salmonella spp. was observed in the skeletal muscle of the cervical region, as well as in blood vessels and macrophages from the lung, liver, spleen, and kidney. We concluded that inappropriate intramuscular administration of an oral vaccine against Salmonella resulted in septicemia and death in a batch of piglets.
Assuntos
Salmonelose Animal , Salmonella , Doenças dos Suínos , Suínos , Animais , Salmonelose Animal/microbiologia , Doenças dos Suínos/microbiologia , Salmonella typhimurium , Vacinas Atenuadas , Edema/veterinária , Administração OralRESUMO
Hemoptysis associated with respiratory disorders are some findings of caudal vena cava thrombosis (CVCT) in cattle. Nevertheless, CVCT may be accompanied by a broad spectrum of clinical signs and gross lesions. This study reported the frequency of CVCT in cattle necropsied in Southern Brazil and described its clinical signs, as well as pathological findings. From a total of 1,976 postmortem examination reports in cattle in Southern Brazil, there were 30 cases (1.5%) of CVCT. In the clinical evaluation, the main clinical course was chronic (13/30), followed by peracute (7/30), acute (4/30), and subacute (5/30). Hemoptysis (17/30), dyspnea (8/30), and anorexia or hyporexia (7/30) were the most reported clinical signs. Septic thrombophlebitis of the caudal vena cava (24/30), hepatic abscesses (24/30), pulmonary hemorrhage (23/30), and embolic pneumonia (19/30) were the main lesions observed at the necropsy. We concluded that CVCT is a relevant cause of death in bovines from Santa Catarina state, mainly in adult dairy cows. The disease is characterized by a wide range of clinical signs and lesions, requiring attention from veterinarians for the correct diagnosis. Furthermore, the association between the clinical history, clinical signs, and lesions is essential for the diagnosis of CVCT in cattle.
Hemoptise associada a sinais respiratórios são achados típicos de tromboembolismo da veia cava caudal (TVCC) em bovinos. Todavia, o TVCC pode estar acompanhado de um amplo espectro de sinais clínicos e lesões macroscópicas. Esse estudo tem por objetivo relatar a frequência do diagnóstico de TVCC em bovinos necropsiados no sul do Brasil e descrever os sinais clínicos, assim como achados patológicos dessa condição. De um total de 1.976 exames post-mortem realizados em bovinos no Sul do Brasil, 30 casos de TVCC foram diagnosticados (1,5%). No exame clínico, o principal curso clínico observado foi crônico (13/30), seguido do hiperagudo (7/30), agudo (4/30) e subagudo (5/30), em um caso o histórico clínico não foi fornecido. Hemoptise (17/30), dispneia (8/30) e anorexia ou hiporexia (7/30) foram os sinais clínicos mais comumente relatados. Tromboflebite séptica da veia cava caudal (24/30), abscessos hepáticos (24/30), hemorragia pulmonar (23/30) e pneumonia embólica (19/30) foram as principais lesões observadas na necropsia. Com esse trabalho conclui-se que TVCC é uma causa relevante de morte em bovinos no estado de Santa Catarina, principalmente em vacas leiteiras adultas. A doença é caracterizada por uma variedade de sinais clínicos e lesões, necessitando de atenção dos veterinários para o correto diagnóstico. Ainda, a associação entre o histórico clínico, sinais clínicos e lesões de necropsia é essencial para o diagnóstico de TVCC em bovinos.
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Veias Cavas/patologia , Doenças dos Bovinos , Tromboembolia Venosa/veterináriaRESUMO
This work aimed to characterize the clinic-pathological presentation of an outbreak of auricular and laryngeal chondritis in pigs. Visits were made to pig farms, where the clinical history was obtained, and clinical and postmortem examinations were performed. In those farms, 3% to 4% of pigs presented otohematomas, which started in the nursery and extended to the finishing phase. Moreover, some finishing pigs presented with respiratory distress, initially characterized as inspiratory dyspnea, associated by an uncommon respiratory stridor and culminating in death. Grossly, nursery piglets had enlarged ears, and on the cut surface, the cartilage was fragmented and associated with blood clots. In the finishing phase, in addition to auricular lesions, the epiglottis and arytenoid cartilages were thickened and distorted, which partially occluded the lumen. Microscopically, the laryngeal and auricular cartilages were fragmented, displayed a loss of matrix basophilia, and were surrounded by lymphohistiocytic inflammatory infiltrate, with occasional multinucleated giant cells and fibrosis. The lesions exclusively affected elastic cartilages. The disease in finishing pigs led to increased mortality and was a differential diagnosis to respiratory challenges. It was not possible to determine the factor that triggered this condition; however, a nutritional association is suspected. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of primary auricular and laryngeal chondritis in pigs.
Assuntos
Doenças Ósseas , Doenças das Cartilagens , Doenças dos Suínos , Animais , Suínos , Doenças das Cartilagens/diagnóstico , Doenças das Cartilagens/epidemiologia , Doenças das Cartilagens/veterinária , Cartilagem Aritenoide/patologia , Inflamação/patologia , Inflamação/veterinária , Doenças Ósseas/patologia , Doenças Ósseas/veterinária , Doenças dos Suínos/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Suínos/patologiaRESUMO
Necropsies can reveal herd problems or comorbidities that can lead to management corrections, improvements in animal performance, and better decision making. Furthermore, the pattern and causes of mortality might differ when different systems are evaluated. The present study was conducted to establish the main causes of death in nursery pigs from different systems in Brazil, as well as the clinical, microbiological, and pathological aspects of these mortalities. Eighteen nurseries were analyzed (a total of 120,243 housed piglets), and 557 necropsies were performed. Streptococcus suis infection was the most prevalent cause of death (21.2%), followed by bacterial polyserositis (16.7%), chronic atrophic enteritis (13.5%), salmonellosis (8.8%), pneumonia (8.6%), and colibacillosis (6.1%). The increase in mortality rate in individual nurseries and, consequently, in the diagnoses was commonly associated with disease outbreaks. Infectious diseases constituted the largest portion of the diagnoses, making a great opportunity for improving production rates in herds. Moreover, the extensive range of observed diagnoses highlights the importance of conducting preliminary diagnostic investigations based on necropsy to determine the causes of death. This approach allows for the direction of complementary tests, which can diagnose agents with greater specificity. As a result, this allows for the implementation of more effective prevention and control strategies.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Simplexvirus humanalpha1 (HuAHV-1) are common anthropozoonosis reported in marmosets but rare in howler monkeys (Alouatta sp.). METHODS: Necropsy of two brown-howler monkeys (A. caraya) and one red-howler monkey (A. guariba clamitans) from different zoo collections were performed. Fragments of all organs were examined through microscopy. Samples were submitted to IHC for Simplexvirus humanalpha 2 (HuAHV-2) [sin. Herpesvirus simplex type 2] and PCR. RESULTS: Grossly, only the A. guariba showed liver lesions characterized by multifocal, pinpoint white areas corresponding microscopically as random necrotizing herpetic hepatitis and ulcerative glossitis. Both A. caraya showed necrotizing meningoencephalitis with Cowdry A-type body inclusions within neurons and astrocytes. Immunolabeling for HuAHV-1/2 was observed in the tongue, liver, and brain. HuAHV-1 was confirmed in all samples by PCR, Sanger sequencing, and phylogenetic analyses. CONCLUSION: Necrotizing meningoencephalitis was appreciated in 2/3 of animals, and it is associated with neurologic signs. Along with ulcerative glossitis, a hallmark lesion in marmosets, it was present in one animal. Regarding herpetic hepatitis, it is not frequent in monkeys and occurs mainly in immunocompromised animals. HuAHV-1 infection was confirmed corroborating with a human source. This is the second report on captive black-howler monkeys and the first gross, histologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular description of herpetic hepatitis and ulcerative glossitis in red-howler monkeys (A. guariba).
Assuntos
Alouatta caraya , Alouatta , Glossite , Hepatite , Meningoencefalite , Humanos , Animais , Simplexvirus , Callithrix , FilogeniaRESUMO
This study aims to report a spontaneous and experimental intoxication in cattle by Melanthera latifolia (Asteraceae) for the first time, and to describe its epidemiological, clinical, and pathological findings. An outbreak of acute toxic hepatopathy in cattle occurred from December of 2021 to January of 2022 in a beef cattle farm from Rio Grande do Sul state, Southern Brazil, and resulted in 94 deaths from a herd of 430 animals. At necropsy, lesions consisted of enhanced lobular pattern of the liver, transmural gallbladder edema, and hemorrhages on the surface of multiple organs. The main microscopic lesion was marked hepatocellular necrosis in the centrilobular region associated with hemorrhage and infiltration of neutrophils. During the outbreak, multiple specimens of M. latifolia were noted in the paddocks where affected cattle were grazing and many showed signs of consumption. No other known acute hepatotoxic plants were found. Two 12-month-old steers were experimentally intoxicated with a single oral dose of the fresh plant (flowers, leaves, and less fibrous stalks). One bovine ingested a dose of 10 g/kg and was euthanized after 48 h, and the other ingested 15 g/kg and was euthanized 17 h later. Clinical signs, macroscopic, and microscopic lesions in both animals were similar to those observed in the spontaneous cases. Thus, this study demonstrates that M. latifolia was the cause of the outbreak of acute toxic hepatopathy with significant mortality in cattle. M. latifolia nor any plant of the genus Melantherahad ever been reported as toxic.
Assuntos
Asteraceae , Doenças dos Bovinos , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas , Hepatopatias , Intoxicação por Plantas , Bovinos , Animais , Intoxicação por Plantas/patologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arbovirus that was responsible for multiple outbreaks from 2007 to 2015. It has been linked to cases of microcephaly in Brazil in 2015, among other neurological disorders. Differences among strains might be the reason for different clinical outcomes of infection. To evaluate this hypothesis, we performed a comparative proteomic analysis of Vero cells infected with the African strain MR766 (ZIKVAFR) and the Brazilian strain 17 SM (ZIKVBR). A total of 550 proteins were identified as differentially expressed in ZIKVAFR- or ZIKVBR-infected cells compared to the control. The main findings included upregulation of immune system pathways (neutrophil degranulation and adaptive/innate immune system) and potential activation of immune-system-related pathways by ZIKVAFR (mTOR, JAK-STAT, NF-κB, and others) compared with the ZIKVBR/control. In addition, phagocytosis by macrophages and engulfment of leukocytes were activated in ZIKVAFR infection. An in vivo analysis using an immunocompetent C57BL/6N mouse model identified interstitial pneumonia with neutrophil infiltration in the lungs only in mice infected with ZIKVBR at 48 hours postinfection, with a significant amount of virus detected. Likewise, only animals infected with ZIKVBR had viral material in the cytoplasm of lung macrophages. These results suggest that activation of the immune system by ZIKVAFR infection may lead to faster viral clearance by immune cells.
Assuntos
Evasão da Resposta Imune , Infecção por Zika virus , Zika virus , Animais , Camundongos , Brasil , Chlorocebus aethiops , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Proteômica , Células Vero , Zika virus/fisiologia , Infecção por Zika virus/imunologiaRESUMO
The clinical syndrome of the pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) is the most common endocrinopathy of older horses. This syndrome is characterized by several clinical and pathological changes, which are usually associated with adenomas of the pars intermedia (PI) of the pituitary gland. The aim of this work is to describe five cases of pituitary adenoma of the PI associated with PPID in horses, addressing its clinical and pathological aspects. The horses had a mean of 22 years of age. The main clinical signs were hirsutism and paresis of hind limbs, and at post mortem examination all horses had hirsutism, and a nodule in the pituitary gland, which was histologically characterized as an adenoma of PI (5/5). Furthermore, two horses had gross lesions suggestive of chronic laminitis. Moreover, there was intense parasitism of Sarcocystis neurona (2/5), Strongylus vulgaris (1/5), Parascaris equorum (1/5), Draschia megastoma (1/5), and Klossiella equi (1/5).
A síndrome clínica da disfunção da pars intermedia da hipófise (PPID) é a endocrinopatia mais comum em cavalos idosos. Essa síndrome é caracterizada por várias alterações clínicas e patológicas, geralmente associadas a adenomas da pars intermedia (PI) da hipófise. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever cinco casos de adenoma hipofisário de PI associado a PPID em equinos, abordando seus aspectos clínicos e patológicos. Os cavalos apresentaram média de 22 anos de idade. Os principais sinais clínicos incluíam hirsutismo e paresia dos membros pélvicos, e no exame post mortem todos os equinos apresentavam hirsutismo e um nódulo na glândula pituitária, que foi histologicamente caracterizada como um adenoma de PI (5/5). Além disso, dois cavalos tinham lesões macroscópicas sugestivas de laminite crônica. Ainda, havia intenso parasitismo de Sarcocystis neurona (2/5), Strongylus vulgaris (1/5), Parascaris equorum (1/5), Draschia megastoma (1/5) e Klossiella equi (1/5).
Assuntos
Animais , Doenças da Hipófise/veterinária , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/veterinária , Adeno-Hipófise Parte Intermédia/fisiopatologia , Doenças dos Cavalos , Doenças Parasitárias , Hirsutismo/veterinária , CavalosRESUMO
Heavy metal poisoning poses a challenge in diagnostic practices and environmental safety. This study describes the epidemiological, clinical, and pathological aspects of a chromium (Cr) poisoning outbreak in growing/finishing pigs housed in pens with bedding of pine wood shavings containing Cr. A visit to the affected farm was conducted. Epidemiological data were collected, and necropsy and histopathological examinations and heavy metal quantifications were performed. Up to 30% of the animals from the affected pens displayed clinical signs 48 h after housing, characterized by apathy, rigid gait, distended abdomen, pain to abdominal palpation, fever, vomiting, and skin cyanosis. The lethality rate reached 76.6%. Main postmortem findings consisted of ulcerative gastritis with perforation of the glandular stomach in all necropsied swine. Heavy metal analysis revealed a higher concentration of Cr in the bedding of the affected pens, along with elevated levels of Cr in the livers of the affected swine. Given that Cr is a known cause of poisoning in humans (with acute oral exposure resulting in corrosive lesions in the gastrointestinal tract), this study marks the first diagnosis of acute oral natural Cr poisoning in animals. This diagnosis was established through the association of epidemiological, pathological, and heavy metal quantification data.
RESUMO
In this work, we investigated cases of birth of calves with congenital defects in a farm in Southern Brazil. Only calves born from heifers were affected, and the disease occurred in both crossbred and purebred calves. Three necropsies were performed, tissues were collected for histopathology, and samples of liver of calves, blood serum, and food provided for cows and heifers were collected to quantify the levels of the minerals: manganese, copper, and zinc. The calves were born weak, with disproportionate dwarfism, limb deformities, and enlarged joints. Heads were shortened and domed. Long bones had a shortened diaphysis and a normal-sized epiphysis, when compared to the control. In one of the cases, there were white-yellowish lines on the metaphyseal surface of the epiphyseal plate. Histopathology of growth plates revealed premature closure, disarrangement of chondrocyte columns, and collapse of primary spongiosa. These findings supported a diagnosis of chondrodysplasia. Liver manganese levels were under the reference values in the three calves. Food analysis revealed insufficient levels of manganese in the diet of heifers, especially in sorghum silage, which was provided as the main source of food for the category in some periods. Approximately 6 months after the diet was changed, the problem ceased and only normal calves continued to be born. Our findings allowed to conclude the diagnosis of chondrodysplasia of nutritional origin and reinforce the thesis that manganese is the mineral deficient in these cases.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos , Manganês , Animais , Bovinos , Feminino , Brasil , Minerais , Cobre , Zinco , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Background: Cyanogenic plants accumulate cyanogenic glycosides and release hydrocyanic acid (HCN). In Brazil, therehave been reports of several plants that cause HCN poisoning in animals and lead to a fast death with few clinical signs andlesions on post mortem examination. Some cultivars of Cynodon spp. grasses cause HCN poisoning in cattle in Brazil. Theobjectives of this work were to report the occurrence of deaths by HCN poisoning in cattle as diagnosed by the veterinarypathology laboratory, describe the quantity of HCN in some cultivars of Cynodon spp., as well as, to describe one cultivarof genus Cynodon never reported as poisonous.Materials, Methods & Results: The archives of the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory (LPV) at the Concórdia Campus ofthe Instituto Federal Catarinense (IFC) were reviewed, seeking cases with a diagnosis of hydrocyanic acid poisoning incattle after post mortem examination. The amount of HCN present in some cultivars of the Cynodon genus was quantified due to the high frequency of poisoning cases. From the 1,235 post mortem examinations of cattle 28 (2.27%) werediagnosed with spontaneous hydrocyanic acid poisoning, 17 cases (60.7%) due to ingestion of Prunus sp. or Manihotsp., and 11 cases (39.3%) of Cynodon dactylon ingestion. Most animals were found dead, normally having presented noclinical signs. Macroscopic evaluation mainly showed a severe amount of unchewed and undigested leaves or grass mixedin the ruminal content presenting a bitter almond odor. It was possible to infer that, among cultivars of the Cynodon genus, Florakirk showed the highest levels of HCN compared (P < 0.05) with Star of Puerto Rico, Tifton 68, Tifton 44, andCoast-Cross. Furthermore, Tifton 85 and Jiggs showed undetected levels of HCN...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Intoxicação por Plantas/veterinária , Manihot/intoxicação , Prunus/intoxicação , Cynodon/intoxicação , Cianeto de Hidrogênio/intoxicação , Doenças dos BovinosRESUMO
Background: Cyanogenic plants accumulate cyanogenic glycosides and release hydrocyanic acid (HCN). In Brazil, therehave been reports of several plants that cause HCN poisoning in animals and lead to a fast death with few clinical signs andlesions on post mortem examination. Some cultivars of Cynodon spp. grasses cause HCN poisoning in cattle in Brazil. Theobjectives of this work were to report the occurrence of deaths by HCN poisoning in cattle as diagnosed by the veterinarypathology laboratory, describe the quantity of HCN in some cultivars of Cynodon spp., as well as, to describe one cultivarof genus Cynodon never reported as poisonous.Materials, Methods & Results: The archives of the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory (LPV) at the Concórdia Campus ofthe Instituto Federal Catarinense (IFC) were reviewed, seeking cases with a diagnosis of hydrocyanic acid poisoning incattle after post mortem examination. The amount of HCN present in some cultivars of the Cynodon genus was quantified due to the high frequency of poisoning cases. From the 1,235 post mortem examinations of cattle 28 (2.27%) werediagnosed with spontaneous hydrocyanic acid poisoning, 17 cases (60.7%) due to ingestion of Prunus sp. or Manihotsp., and 11 cases (39.3%) of Cynodon dactylon ingestion. Most animals were found dead, normally having presented noclinical signs. Macroscopic evaluation mainly showed a severe amount of unchewed and undigested leaves or grass mixedin the ruminal content presenting a bitter almond odor. It was possible to infer that, among cultivars of the Cynodon genus, Florakirk showed the highest levels of HCN compared (P < 0.05) with Star of Puerto Rico, Tifton 68, Tifton 44, andCoast-Cross. Furthermore, Tifton 85 and Jiggs showed undetected levels of HCN...
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Cianeto de Hidrogênio/intoxicação , Cynodon/intoxicação , Intoxicação por Plantas/veterinária , Manihot/intoxicação , Prunus/intoxicação , Doenças dos BovinosRESUMO
Background: Rickets is a deficiency pathology that occurs in young and growing animals, leading to deficient bone mineralization. Rickets has been reported in several species producing numerous economic losses. The disease is caused by nutritional imbalance of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and vitamin D. The aim of this work was to report two outbreaks of rickets in commercial weaning farms in the Seara city, in the western region of Santa Catarina State (SC), Brazil. Case: In August 2016, the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory (LPV) at the Concórdia Campus of the Catarinense Federal Institute (IFC) diagnosed two outbreaks of rickets in pigs in the weaning phase in Seara, SC. The clinical history was obtained by interviewing the field veterinarian and the farmers. In the anamnesis, both pig farmers stated having used a feed premix product from the same company, starting three months ago, and after that the pigs presented clinical signs of posterior paralysis and progressive weight loss. Six animals were submitted to necropsy and organs were collected from the abdominal and thoracic cavities; central nervous system and bones; fixed in 10% buffered formalin, routinely processed, paraffin embedded and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) for histopathological analysis. Bone specimens were decalcified in nitric acid working solution 20 times their volume, during 5 days. In addition, samples of the premix product containing minerals and vitamins were sent to a specialized laboratory to analyze macroelements levels through the atomic absorption methodology. In property 1, there was a batch of 100 animals, the morbidity rate was 15% and lethality was 5%. In property 2, among 30 animals, the morbidity and lethality rate were 33%. Five animals from property 1 and one...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Suínos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Raquitismo/epidemiologia , Raquitismo/veterinária , Hipocalcemia/veterinária , Deficiência de Vitamina D/diagnóstico , Brasil , Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas/veterináriaRESUMO
Fusarium verticillioides is often responsible for contamination of poultry feed with the mycotoxin fumonisin. The objective of the study was to determine whether fumonisin-contaminated feed in the early phase of broiler chicks causes oxidative imbalances and interferes with weight gain. One-day-old male Cobb 500 broiler chicks (n = 80) were divided into four treatments of 20 birds each, all of which were fed basal feed until the 11th day of age. From day 12, some birds were challenged with fumonisin in the feed: Control (T0) continued receiving the basal ration; treatments T1, T2, and T3 were given feed experimentally contaminated with fumonisin at concentrations of 2.5 ppm, 5 ppm and 10 ppm, respectively. After the 5th (day 17) and 10th (day 21) days, ten birds from each treatment were euthanized for blood and tissue collection to measure histopathological, biochemical and oxidative stress markers. All animals were weighed individually at the beginning of the experiment (day 12), and at 17 and 21 days of age. Birds that ingested 10 ppm of fumonisin (T3) had lower (P < 0.05) weight gain compared to those in T0. At 21 days, the body weights of the T1, T2 and T3 chicks were 1.3%, 8.97% and 18.7% lower, respectively, than those of T0. No histological lesions in the livers were observed for any treatment; however, higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS: day 21) and lipoperoxidation (LPO: days 17 and 21) were observed, associated with lower liver activity of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD: day 21), glutathione peroxidase (GPx: day 17 and 21) and glutathione S-transferase (GST: day 21) when birds consumed 5 or 10 ppm of fumonisin. In serum, LPO levels and SOD and GPx activities were lower for groups consuming high doses of fumonisin in the diet (T2 and T3); ROS levels and GST activity were higher in these birds. Birds that consumed fumonisin-containing diets had lower levels of alanine aminotransferase, total protein and albumin (T3); as well as lower serum glucose levels (days 17 and 21), uric acid and triglycerides (day 21) in T3 than in T0. At 21 days, there were smaller crypt sizes and intestinal villi in birds that consumed high levels of fumonisin. These results suggest that fumonisin (10 ppm) in chick diet causes hepatic oxidative stress and impairs intestinal health, consequently negatively affecting weight gain.
Assuntos
Fumonisinas , Fusarium , Doenças das Aves Domésticas , Ração Animal , Animais , Galinhas , Dieta , Ingestão de Alimentos , Fumonisinas/toxicidade , Masculino , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/induzido quimicamente , Aumento de PesoRESUMO
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is composed of lauric acid and glycerol. Research has shown that such organic acids can minimize negative effects caused by mycotoxins. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine whether adding GML (free or encapsulated) to chick feed minimizes the effects of natural contamination by fumonisin (Fusarium verticillioides), evaluating parameters such as biochemistry, antioxidant properties, histological analysis and chick growth. Were weighed 84 chicks of the Cobb 500 strain and randomly distributed them into six groups of two replicates each (n = 14). The F group consumed feed containing fumonisin (levels 400 ppb), with no performance enhancer; F + ZB- feed with fumonisin (levels 400 ppb) + zinc bacitracin; F + GLM100 - feed with fumonisin (levels 400 ppb) + 100 mg of GML/kg of feed; F + NGLM4 - feed with fumonisin (levels 400 ppb) + 4 mg GML/kg in nanocapsules added to the feed; F + NGLM8 - fumonisin feed (levels 400 ppb) + 8 mg GML/kg in nanocapsules in the feed; and F0 - fumonisin-free feed (negative control) + zinc bacitracin. The body weights of birds fed with feed fumonisin-contaminated feed (F, F + ZB, F + GLM100, F + NGLM4 and F + NGLM8) were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those of the negative control (F0), despite the use of GML (free and nanoencapsulated). Serum levels of triglycerides, globulins and cholesterol were significantly lower in the F0 group than in the other groups (P < 0.05), except for the F + NGLM8 group. Significantly greater levels of lipid peroxidation were observed in livers in the groups that consumed fumonisin than in the control group (F0) (P < 0.05). Serum levels of reactive oxygen species were significantly lower in groups F + NGLM8 and F0 than in the other treatments (P < 0.05). Superoxide dismutase activity was significantly greater in groups F + NGLM8 and F0 than in groups F, F + ZB and F + NGLM4. Hepatic catalase activity was significantly lower in birds that consumed contaminated feed (F, F + ZB, F + GLM100, F + NGLM4 and F + NGLM8) than in the control group (F0). Greater hepatic glutathione S-transferase activity was observed in the F + NGLM8 group than in the F0 group. Despite changes in cellular lesions in the liver, no histological changes were observed in the liver or intestines, even though visually there was yellowing of the liver. Taken together, the data suggest that free or nano-encapsulated GML did not minimize oxidative stress caused by fumonisin, and consequently, these birds had less weight gain.
Assuntos
Fumonisinas , Ração Animal/análise , Animais , Galinhas , Dieta , Fumonisinas/toxicidade , Fusarium , Lauratos , Fígado , MonoglicerídeosRESUMO
Background: Rickets is a deficiency pathology that occurs in young and growing animals, leading to deficient bone mineralization. Rickets has been reported in several species producing numerous economic losses. The disease is caused by nutritional imbalance of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and vitamin D. The aim of this work was to report two outbreaks of rickets in commercial weaning farms in the Seara city, in the western region of Santa Catarina State (SC), Brazil. Case: In August 2016, the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory (LPV) at the Concórdia Campus of the Catarinense Federal Institute (IFC) diagnosed two outbreaks of rickets in pigs in the weaning phase in Seara, SC. The clinical history was obtained by interviewing the field veterinarian and the farmers. In the anamnesis, both pig farmers stated having used a feed premix product from the same company, starting three months ago, and after that the pigs presented clinical signs of posterior paralysis and progressive weight loss. Six animals were submitted to necropsy and organs were collected from the abdominal and thoracic cavities; central nervous system and bones; fixed in 10% buffered formalin, routinely processed, paraffin embedded and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) for histopathological analysis. Bone specimens were decalcified in nitric acid working solution 20 times their volume, during 5 days. In addition, samples of the premix product containing minerals and vitamins were sent to a specialized laboratory to analyze macroelements levels through the atomic absorption methodology. In property 1, there was a batch of 100 animals, the morbidity rate was 15% and lethality was 5%. In property 2, among 30 animals, the morbidity and lethality rate were 33%. Five animals from property 1 and one...
Assuntos
Animais , Deficiência de Vitamina D/diagnóstico , Hipocalcemia/veterinária , Raquitismo/epidemiologia , Raquitismo/veterinária , Suínos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Brasil , Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas/veterináriaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to determine whether oxidative stress occurs in Escherichia coli-infected broiler breeder chicks, as well as the impact of this infection on bird growth. Twenty birds, 25-day-old female birds were divided into two groups (nâ¯=â¯10 per group): an intraperitoneally-infected group (1â¯mL containing 1.5â¯×â¯108â¯CFU of E. coli) and a control group that received 1â¯mL of culture medium (uninfected birds). Birds were weighed individually at the beginning and at the end of the experiment, and samples were collected on days 0, 5 and 10 post-infection (PI). No clinical signs were observed throughout the experimental period; nevertheless, on day 10 PI, there was lower growth and weight gain in infected birds than in the control group. The infected birds showed pericarditis and liver congestion, as well as moderate periportal inflammatory infiltrates with predominance of neutrophils. Significantly higher numbers of total leukocytes, lymphocytes, heterophils and monocytes were observed in the infected group on days 5 and 10 PI, as well as significantly higher total protein and globulin levels; albumin values significantly decreased over the same period. Levels of serum oxidative biomarkers (lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and free radicals (ROS)) were significantly higher at 10 PI, as was glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity during the same period. Hepatic ROS and protein thiol levels were significantly higher in E. coli-infected birds, as well as activities of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase. In the spleen, only GST activity was significantly higher for the infected group, unlike the brain, where SOD activity, ROS and non-protein thiol levels were significantly higher in infected birds than in the control group. These data suggested that colibacillosis causes oxidative stress in broiler breeder chicks, negatively affecting their weight gain.
Assuntos
Infecções por Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/metabolismo , Aumento de Peso/fisiologia , Animais , Antioxidantes/análise , Biomarcadores/sangue , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/patologia , Catalase/sangue , Galinhas , Escherichia coli , Infecções por Escherichia coli/sangue , Infecções por Escherichia coli/patologia , Feminino , Radicais Livres , Glutationa Transferase/sangue , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Fígado/metabolismo , Fígado/patologia , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/sangue , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/microbiologia , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/patologia , Baço/metabolismo , Baço/patologia , Superóxido Dismutase , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismoRESUMO
The objective of this study was to determine whether curcumin and a commercial microencapsulated phytogenic supplement containing thymol, cinnamaldehyde and carvacrol in broiler chicken feed would improve health and meat quality (fatty acid profile), as well as to determine the coccidiostatic and bactericidal potential of the additives. The broiler chickens were divided into five groups: NC - negative control feed; PC - positive control; CU - with 50 mg/kg of curcumin, PHY - 100 mg/kg phytogenic; and PHY + CU, a combination of both additives at 50 mg/kg (curcumin) and 100 mg/kg (phytogenic). We observed significantly higher levels of total proteins associated with increased circulating globulins, as well as lower levels of uric acid, cholesterol and triglycerides in the PHY + CU group than in the NC. There were significantly fewer oocysts in birds supplemented with additives in the NC group on day 21; on day 35, the NC, PHY and PHY + CU groups had significantly lower counts than the PC and CU groups; however, at 44 days, the lowest counts were in PC group. The bacterial counts were significantly lower on day 21 in all groups that received additives than those of the control group; however, at 44 days, the bacterial and Escherichia coli counts in these groups were significantly higher than those of the control. Curcumin with or without phytogenic agent improved meat quality, with increased antioxidant levels and reduction of lipid peroxidation. There were significantly lower total saturated fatty acid levels and significantly greater monounsaturated/polyunsaturated fatty acid levels in broilers that consumed additives individually and in combination. The combination of additives significantly increased the crypt/villus ratio, a marker of improved intestinal health and performance. Additives potentiated their individual effects, suggesting they can replace conventional growth promoters without compromising health, intestinal mucosa or meat quality.
Assuntos
Acroleína/análogos & derivados , Infecções Bacterianas/veterinária , Coccidiose/veterinária , Curcumina/administração & dosagem , Cimenos/administração & dosagem , Carne/análise , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/prevenção & controle , Timol/administração & dosagem , Acroleína/administração & dosagem , Ração Animal/análise , Animais , Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/genética , Bactérias/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Infecções Bacterianas/metabolismo , Infecções Bacterianas/microbiologia , Infecções Bacterianas/fisiopatologia , Galinhas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Galinhas/metabolismo , Galinhas/microbiologia , Galinhas/parasitologia , Coccídios/efeitos dos fármacos , Coccídios/genética , Coccídios/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Coccidiose/metabolismo , Coccidiose/parasitologia , Coccidiose/prevenção & controle , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Ácidos Graxos/química , Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/metabolismo , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/microbiologia , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/parasitologiaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in dairy cows, as well as to verify the risk factors for N. caninum infection and inflammatory response in dairy cows. Using the indirect immunofluorescence reaction, the seroprevalence of neosporosis was determined to be 32.82%. Based on regression analysis, the presence of dogs at a farm increased the probability of a cow testing positive for N. caninum (OR = 20.01 [5.21-123.12]). These data suggest that N. caninum has a relevant prevalence in dairy cows of the Microregion of Rio do Sul (Brazil), with elevated frequencies of anti-N. caninum IgG. The data also suggest that the parasite is widely distributed in dairy herds of the micro-region, because 94.4% of properties screened had at least one seropositive animal. The principal risk factors for disease maintenance in herds may be considered the presence of dogs and absence of a diagnostic test when introducing new animals. Blood from these cows was used to measure variables related to the inflammatory response. Serum cholinesterase activity, as well as serum levels of globulins and C-reactive protein were higher in seropositive to N. caninum than in seronegative cows. Furthermore, the infection by parasite causes an intense inflammatory process, contributing to disease pathophysiology.