RESUMO
Weight and 34 morphological measurements were obtained from 103 vervet monkeys living either in the wild or in captive colonies derived from the wild populations on the island of St. Kitts in the Eastern Caribbean. All measures were taken during the same week, eliminating bias that might result from changing seasonal environmental conditions. Vervets on St. Kitts are all descended from a small number of individuals brought to the island approximately 400 years ago from West Africa, thus eliminating bias that might result from subspecific size differences. We conducted a principal components analysis (PCA) and compared individual traits between captive and wild adult animals. Morphological measures such as body, arm, and leg length did not differ significantly between animals living in the wild and animals in captivity. Weight and measures indicating condition-including body mass index (BMI), chest, thigh, and upper arm girth were all higher for animals living in captivity. More consistent available food is probably the cause of differences in measures reflecting condition.
Assuntos
Tamanho Corporal , Chlorocebus aethiops/fisiologia , Animais , Animais de Laboratório/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Animais de Laboratório/fisiologia , Animais Selvagens/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Animais Selvagens/fisiologia , Chlorocebus aethiops/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Feminino , Espécies Introduzidas , Masculino , São Cristóvão e NévisRESUMO
In a prospective study at the University Hospital of the West Indies, 187 fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) specimens, comprising 100 breast, 75 head and neck, and 12 miscellaneous specimens, were subjected to rapid Papanicolaou staining and immediate assessment. Inadequate aspirates were repeated, and all cases were also evaluated after routine Papanicolaou staining. Histologic and clinical follow-up data were obtained. The overall concordance between rapid and routine cytologic diagnoses ranged from 79% to 87% for the three specimen cohorts. Sensitivity and specificity values were similar for rapid and routine-stained slides and ranged from 80% to 100%. There were no false positive or false negative diagnoses in the cases for which the outcome was known. Rapid staining of cytologic smears is a useful adjunct to the evaluation of aspirated material, improving adequacy rates and overall performance of the FNAC service, and should also result in significant savings in time and cost to patients.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/patologia , Hospitais Universitários , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Coloração e Rotulagem , Biópsia por Agulha , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Citodiagnóstico , Reações Falso-Positivas , Feminino , Seguimentos , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/diagnóstico , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Índias OcidentaisRESUMO
In a prospective study at the University Hospital of the West Indies, 187 fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) specimens, comprising 100 breast, 75 head and neck, and 12 miscellaneous specimens, were subjected to rapid Papanicolaou staining and immediate assessment. Inadequate aspirates were repeated, and all cases were also evaluated after routine Papanicolaou staining. Histologic and clinical follow-up data were obtained. The overall concordance between rapid and routine cytologic diagnoses ranged from 79 to 87 for the three specimen cohorts. Sensitivity and specificity values were similar for rapid and routine-stained slides and ranged from 80 to 100. There were no false positive or false negative diagnoses in the cases for which the outcome was known. Rapid staining of cytologic smears is a useful adjunct to the evaluation of aspirated material, improving adequacy rates and overall performance of the FNAC service, and should also result in significant savings in time and cost to patients
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Coloração e Rotulagem , Hospitais Universitários , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/patologia , Biópsia por Agulha , Citodiagnóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/diagnóstico , Seguimentos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Índias OcidentaisRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to document the distribution of epithelial abnormalities diagnosed on Pap smears in the Department of Pathology, the University of the West Indies (UWI), Mona, Jamaica, and to determine the likelihood of the prescence of clinically significant disease on biopsy for a given cytological diagnosis. METHODS: We reviewed the results of all Pap smears accessioned in the Cytology Unit of the Department of Pathology, over the 3-year period 1997-1999 and collated the epithelial abnormalities using a hybrid cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)/Bethesda system. We calculated the atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) rate, the CIN rate and the ASCUS/CIN ratio. Follow-up histology results were obtained from the departmental files. The likelihood ratios (LRs for clinically significant disease on histology for each cytological category were calculated. RESULTS: During the study period a total of 21,144 Pap smears were accessioned, 1,324 (6.3 percent) of which showed epithelial abnormalities. These abnormal Pap smears were most prevalent in the 21-30 year age group (37.5 percent of patients). The distribution of epithelial abnormalities was: ASCUS 34.7 percent, atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) 1.1 percent, ASCUS/AGUS 0.2 percent, CIN 141.4 percent, CIN II 12.5 percent, CIN III 8.3 percent, sqaumous cell carcinoma (SCC) 1.3 percent, adenocarcinoma (AC) 0.3 percent and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN) II/III 0.2 percent. The CIN rate, ASCUS rate and ASUCS/CIN ratio were 3.9 percent, 2.2 percent and 0.6 respectively. Histological follow-up was available for 477 (36 percent) cases. The LRs for clinically significant disease for the following cytological diagnoses were: AGUS: 0.08, ASCUS: 0.31, CIN I: 1.12, CIN II: 2.01 and CIN III: 3.38. All cases of SCC, AC and VAIN with histological follow-up were shown to be clinically significant. CONCLUSIONS: There was a relatively low incidence of epithelial abnormalities in Pap smears seen at the UWI during the study period with ASCUS and CIN 1 compromising the majority of cases. Biopsy follow-up showed an increasing likelihood for the presence of clinically significnat disease with increasing degrees of epithelial atypia on Pap smear. (AU)
Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Esfregaço Vaginal , Células Epiteliais/patologia , Displasia do Colo do Útero/epidemiologia , Jamaica , SeguimentosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim was to determine the efficacy of the rapid Papanicolaou staining method (RPSM) in fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology of breast lesions. METHODS: In a prospective study performed between May 1999 and June 2000, FNA specimens were obtained from patients attending the surgical out-patient and breast imaging services of the UHWI for the assessment of breast leisons. One-half of the slides from each specimen were stained by the RPSM, which reduces routine staining time by 80 percent (rapPaps), and the other half stained by the routine Papanicolaou method (routPaps). Specimens that were inadequate based on rapid assessment were immediately repeated. For each group of slides the smear quality, cytologic diagnoses and results of any related biopsy specimens were documented. The concordance between the cytology diagnoses and between the cytologic and histologic diagnoses was determined. RESULTS: One hundred specimens were obtained from 90 patients (M:F = 1:8; average age 42.3 years). RapPaps averaged 2.9 slides per case and routPaps 3.4; 71 percent and 77 percent of rapPaps and routPaps, respectively, had adequate cellular material, and 84 percent and 85 percent of these groups, respectively, displayed satisfactory cellular preservation. There was 83 percent, 52 percent and 56 percent concordance between rapid and routine cytologic diagnoses, rapid and histologic diagnoses, and routine and histology diagnoses, respectively. Non-concordance was due to lack of cellular material in 14/17 (82 percent), 12/23 (52 percent) and 10/21 (48 percent) cases, respectively. Of the remainder, 6 cases represented major diagnostic discrepancies in which atypical cytologic smears were confirmed to be benign lesions on histology. CONCLUSION: These findings show that staining FNA specimens by the rapid Papanicolaou method allows for accurate cytology evaluation of breast leisons at UHWI. The handling of cytologic specimens by this method can be an important cost- and time- saving strategy in the management of patients presenting to the out-patient services. (Au)
Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Esfregaço Vaginal/métodos , Biópsia por Agulha/estatística & dados numéricos , Mama/citologia , Jamaica , Estudos Prospectivos , Coloração e Rotulagem/métodos , Custos e Análise de CustoRESUMO
Nitric oxide (NO) can participate in cellular signaling. In this study, monoclonal antibodies against proteins from the growth factor-mediated signalling pathway were used to identify a set of 126-, 56-, 43-, and 40-kDa proteins phosphorylated on tyrosine at NO stimulation of murine fibroblasts overexpressing the human epidermal growth factor receptor. The band corresponding to the 126-kDa protein was FAK. The 56-kDa protein was Src kinase, and the doublet 43- and 40-kDa protein corresponded to the extracellular-regulated MAP kinases (ERK1/ERK2). The effects of NO on focal adhesion complexes were also investigated. FAK was constitutively associated with the adapter protein Grb2 in HER14 cells. Treatment of the cells with the NO donor, sodium nitroprusside, or with EGF did not change this association. We also detected a basal constitutive association of Src kinase with FAK in HER14 cells. In NO-treated cells, this association was stimulated. The doublet 43/40-kDa protein was identical to the ERK1/ERK2 MAP kinases. NO stimulated an increase in ERK1/ERK2 phosphorylation as assessed by a shift in its eletrophoretic mobility and by increased phosphotyrosine immunoreactivity. Furthermore, NO-dependent activation of ERK1/ERK2 depended on the intracellular redox status. Inhibition of glutathione synthesis was necessary to promote activation of the kinases.
Assuntos
Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Doadores de Óxido Nítrico/farmacologia , Óxido Nítrico/fisiologia , Nitroprussiato/farmacologia , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases/metabolismo , Quinases da Família src/metabolismo , Animais , Butionina Sulfoximina/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular , Fator de Crescimento Epidérmico/farmacologia , Fibroblastos/enzimologia , Quinase 1 de Adesão Focal , Proteína-Tirosina Quinases de Adesão Focal , Proteína Adaptadora GRB2 , Camundongos , Proteína Quinase 1 Ativada por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Proteína Quinase 3 Ativada por Mitógeno , Peso Molecular , Penicilamina/análogos & derivados , Penicilamina/farmacologia , Fosfoproteínas/isolamento & purificação , Fosforilação , Fosfotirosina/metabolismo , Proteínas/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Triazenos/farmacologiaRESUMO
Huntingtons disease (HD) is a hereditary disorder involving the central nervous system. Its effects are devastating, to the affected person as well as his family. The Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics at Indiana University (IU) plays an integral part in Huntingtons research by providing computerized repositories of HD family information for researchers and families. The National Huntingtons Disease Research Roster, founded in 1979 at IU, and the Huntingtons Disease in Venezuela Project database contain information that has proven to be invaluable in the worldwide field of HD research. This paper addresses the types of information stored in each database, the pedigree database program (MEGADATS) used to manage the data, and significant findings that have resulted from access to the data.
Assuntos
Algoritmos , Bases de Dados Factuais , Doença de Huntington/genética , Sistemas Computadorizados de Registros Médicos , Software , Feminino , Humanos , Indiana , Masculino , Linhagem , Sistema de Registros , VenezuelaRESUMO
O efeito da atividade de água (Aw) na estabilidade de alfa e beta carotenos em cenoura desidratada, armazenada a 21§C na ausência de luz, foi investigado. Foi determinada a isoterma de adsorçäo, a 21§C, da cenoura desidratada. As amostras foram armazenadas em dessecadores sobre soluçöes saturadas de sais, equilibradas para Aw de 0,12 a 0,86. Amostras foram coletadas e analisadas, periodicamente, por HPLC em fase reversa quanto aos teores de alfa e beta carotenos. Verificou-se que a degradaçäo de alfa e beta carotenos na cenoura desidratada, em todas as Aw investigadas, seguia uma reaçäo de primeira ordem. Ao comparar as constantes da velocidade das reaçöes de degradaçäo, observou-se que ao armazenar cenoura desidratada a Aw de 0,23-0,33 e 0,75-0,86, alfa e beta carotenos apresentaram maior estabilidade. Observou-se ainda que alfa e beta carotenos sofrem um mecanismo semelhante de degradaçäo em cenoura desidratada.
Assuntos
Carotenoides/farmacocinética , Conservação de Alimentos , Plantas , Água , Brasil , Dessecação , Estabilidade Enzimática , LiofilizaçãoRESUMO
Uma comparaçäo foi feita entre dois métodos em coluna aberta (um deles sendo o método oficial da AOAC) e um método HPLC de fase reversa, na determinaçäo quantitativa do alfa- e beta-carotenos em cenoura desidratada. As amostras foram adicionadas de alfa- e beta-caroteno em duas concentraçöes diferentes e o rendimento foi determinado para extraçäo e cromatografia de coluna. Uma perda substancial de alfa- e beta-carotenos resultou dos dois métodos de coluna aberta. O método da AOAC näo faz distinçäo entre alfa- e beta-carotenos e, portanto, näo pode ser usado para a determinaçäo da atividade de vitamina A. O método HPLC foi o mais rápido, simples e de maior reproduçäo na determinaçäo de alfa - e beta-carotenos e näo requer saponificaçäo.
Assuntos
Carotenoides/análise , Plantas , Brasil , CromatografiaRESUMO
Este aporte examina los fracasos y deficiencias mas comunes de los servicios de asistencia a los ancianos en los países desarrollados, y oferece algunas recomendaciones para corregir dichos problemas. En particular se discuten las siguientes deficiencias: 1) Falta de definicion del problema; 2) Falta de fijacion de objetivos claros; 3) Falta de integracion de los servicios de atención; 4) Falta de apreciacion de la importancia de la autoatención; 5) Falta de apoyo a la atención informal; 6) Falta de reconocimiento del problema del acceso a los servicios; y 8) Falta de evaluación
Assuntos
Envelhecimento , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Formulação de PolíticasRESUMO
To define the neutral environmental temperature and assess the effects of deviation from that temperature on insensible water loss and heat balance, 12 premature infants were studied in a conventional incubator at four different predetermined ambient temperatures. Our method combines insensible water loss measured by a continuous read-out electronic scale with heat production as determined by open circuit measurement of oxygen consumption. An increase of 1 to 2 degrees C, to an ambient temperature above or near the top of the neutral zone, produced a significant rise in insensible water loss, from 1.90 +/- 0.76 to 3.08 +/- 1.19 ml/kg/hour (mean +/- SD), a corresponding rise in evaporative heat loss, and a fall in nonevaporative heat loss. A decrease of 1 to 2 degrees C, to a slightly subneutral ambient temperature, resulted in an increase in oxygen consumption from 5.82 +/- 0.92 to 7.45 +/- 1.50 ml/kg/minute, and an increase in total heat loss, but no change in insensible water loss and evaporative heat loss. The increased total heat loss was judged to be due entirely to a greater nonevaporative heat loss, both by convection and by radiation. The data confirm that ambient temperature is an important determinant of the magnitude and the partition of heat loss in low-birth-weight infants.