RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The main objectives of the present study were to evaluate the percentage of under-registration of infant mortality in 1993 and compare it with the ones found 1982; to analyze the agreement between the official death certificates and the ones made by the referees. METHODS: The infant mortality of all children born in Pelotas, in 1993, was monitored through daily visits to hospitals, as it was done in 1982; monthly, cemeteries and public registration offices were visited to detect any deaths outside the hospitals. Besides the official death certificates, two independent referees established the underlying cause of death based on information from pediatricians, case-notes, autopsies and through a home visit to the parents of the children. RESULTS: The percentage of under-registration fell substantially from 24%, in 1982, to 5.4%, in 1993. The agreement between the official death certificates and the ones made by the referees showed satisfactory Kappas, unless for ill defined diseases such as sudden infant death, where the agreement was null. CONCLUSIONS: The authors conclude that there was a significant fell of the under-registration for infant death in Pelotas, and the ill defined causes such as sudden infant death have been hidden by the diagnosis of pneumonia.
RESUMO
Although vital statistics are of paramount importance for health planning and program evaluation, few Brazilian states have vital registration systems with either sufficient coverage or agility to achieve these goals. The present analyses, based on data from the state of Rio Grande do Sul, describes time trends and the geographical distribution of infant and child health indicators, including infant mortality rates, proportionate infant mortality, low birthweight and vaccine coverage. From 1980 to 1992, marked reductions were observed for the infant mortality rate (from 39.0 to 19.3 per thousand) and in proportionate infant mortality (from 13.9% to 5.9% of all deaths). On the other hand, the prevalence of low birthweight remained stable between 8 and 10%, with a slight increase up to 1991. DPT vaccine coverage oscillated from year to year, ranging from 79 to 99%. There was close geographical correlation between the indices of low birthweight and infant mortality in the 17 health districts. The four indicators were combined into a single score for the purpose of identifying those health districts with the greater need for intervention. The southern districts, characterized by large land holdings presented the worst health indicators.
Assuntos
Proteção da Criança/tendências , Indicadores Básicos de Saúde , Mortalidade Infantil , Características de Residência/estatística & dados numéricos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido de Baixo Peso , Recém-Nascido , Prevalência , VacinaçãoRESUMO
O objetivo deste estudo refere-se a mortalidade por câncer do colo uterino (Cid 180), através da verificaçäo dos coeficientes de mortalidade no Rio Grande os Sul e nas 24 microrregiöes que compöem o referido Estado, com estudo das tendências (regressäo linear simples), período de 1970 a 1989. Como objetivos secundários foram abordados a feqüência relativa desta neoplasia em relaçäo ao total de óbitos por neoplasias malignas, estudo comparativo com outras localidades e correlaçäo com fatores de risco. Os dados que permitiram este estudo foram obtidos na Secretaria de Saúde e Meio Ambiente do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística IBGE), Ministério de Saúde e Organizaçäo Mundial de Saúde. A média dos coeficientes de mortalidade/100.000 mulheres no Rio Grande do Sul (1970-1989) foi de 3,8, com tendência ascendente. Observaram-se diferenças importantes na distribuiçäo dos coeficientes de mortalidade nas 24 microrregiöes do Estado, com médias oscilando entre 2,5 e 6,7. O câncer de colo uterino ocupou o 4§ lugar na mortalidade por neoplasias entre as mulheres do Rio Grande do Sul, em 1989. Vírus de papiloma humano e tabagismo säo importantes fatores de risco nesta neoplasia
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/mortalidade , Papiloma/complicações , Nicotiana , Brasil/epidemiologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/etiologia , Fatores de Risco , Análise dos Mínimos QuadradosRESUMO
The mortality from cervical cancer was studied by checking the death rates in Rio Grande do Sul (RS) and in its 24 microregions. Each tendency (linear regression), in the period from 1970 to 1989, was also investigated. We have also studied the relative rates of this kind of cancer, the comparison with the rate in other places and the risk factors. The data were obtained at the Office of Health in Rio Grande do Sul as well as in the Statistics and Geography Brazilian Institute and World Health Organization. The average mortality rates/100,000 women in RS (1970-1989) was 3.8, with ascending tendency. Important differences in the death rates in the 24 microregions in RS were observed and they ranged from 2.5 to 6.7. The cervical cancer was the fourth cause of death in women from RS (mortality by cancer), in 1989. Papillomaviruses and smoking were important factors in the development of cervical cancer.
Assuntos
Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/mortalidade , Brasil/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Análise dos Mínimos Quadrados , Papillomaviridae , Infecções por Papillomavirus/complicações , Fatores de Risco , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/complicações , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/etiologiaRESUMO
Revisaram-se as mortes ocorridas no Hospital Säo Lucas da PUCRS no primeiro trimestre de 1989, comparando-se as informaçöes contidas nos prontuários médicos com as obtidas nos atestados de óbito. Somente 29 (31,18 por cento) das declaraçöes de óbitos estudadas näo apresentaram erros em seu preenchimento nos itens considerados essenciais. Em 32 (34,45 por cento) atestados, foi modificada a causa básica do óbito. Discute-se a importância do treinamento continuado de médicos e estudantes de medicina para que se obtenha estatísticas confiáveis em saúde pública.