RESUMO
Parasites of wild primates are important for conservation biology and human health due to their high potential to infect humans. In the Amazon region, non-human primates are commonly infected by Trypanosoma cruzi and T. rangeli, which are also infective to man and several mammals. This is the first survey of trypanosomiasis in a critically endangered species of tamarin, Saguinus bicolor (Callitrichidae), from the Brazilian Amazon Rainforest. Of the 96 free-ranging specimens of S. bicolor examined 45 (46.8%) yielded blood smears positive for trypanosomes. T. rangeli was detected in blood smears of 38 monkeys (39.6%) whereas T. cruzi was never detected. Seven animals (7.3%) presented trypanosomes of the subgenus Megatrypanum. Hemocultures detected 84 positive tamarins (87.5%). Seventy-two of 84 (85.7%) were morphologically diagnosed as T. rangeli and 3 (3.1%) as T. cruzi. Nine tamarins (9.4%) yielded mixed cultures of these two species, which after successive passages generated six cultures exclusively of T. cruzi and two of T. rangeli, with only one culture remaining mixed. Of the 72 cultures positive for T. rangeli, 62 remained as established cultures and were genotyped: 8 were assigned to phylogenetic lineage A (12.9%) and 54 to lineage B (87.1%). Ten established cultures of T. cruzi were genotyped as TCI lineage (100%). Transmission of both trypanosome species, their potential risk to this endangered species and the role of wild primates as reservoirs for trypanosomes infective to humans are discussed.
Assuntos
Animais Selvagens/parasitologia , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Doenças dos Macacos , Saguinus/parasitologia , Trypanosoma cruzi , Trypanosoma , Tripanossomíase/veterinária , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Doença de Chagas/parasitologia , Doença de Chagas/veterinária , Genótipo , Doenças dos Macacos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Macacos/parasitologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Prevalência , Árvores , Trypanosoma/classificação , Trypanosoma/genética , Trypanosoma/isolamento & purificação , Trypanosoma/patogenicidade , Trypanosoma cruzi/classificação , Trypanosoma cruzi/genética , Trypanosoma cruzi/isolamento & purificação , Trypanosoma cruzi/patogenicidade , Tripanossomíase/epidemiologia , Tripanossomíase/parasitologiaRESUMO
Bufotenin (5-hydroxy-N,N-dimetyltryptamine) is a tryptamine alkaloid widely spread among anuran families as a component of their chemical defense system, acting as a potent hallucinogenic factor, showing similar activity to LSD upon interaction with the 5HT2 human receptor. This work demonstrates the presence of bufotenin in the skin secretion of three arboreal amphibian species of the Osteocephalus genus (Osteocephalus taurinus, Osteocephalus oophagus and Osteocephalus langsdorffii) from the Amazon and the Atlantic rain forests using RP-HPLC, ESI-MS/MS, UV, IR and multidimensional NMR techniques. To our knowledge, this is the first description of bufotenin in the Osteocephalus genus, so far.