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INTRODUCTION: Surgery is the standard treatment for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs), obtaining favorable results but associating high morbidity and mortality rates. This study assesses stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) as a radical approach for small (< 2 cm) nonfunctioning pNETs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 2017 to June 2023, 20 patients with small pNETs underwent SBRT in an IRB-approved study. Endpoints included local control, tolerance, progression-free survival, and overall survival (OS). Diagnostic assessments comprised endoscopy, CT scans, OctreScan or PET-Dotatoc, abdominal MRI, and histological confirmatory samples. RESULTS: In a 30-month follow-up of 20 patients (median age 55.5 years), SBRT was well-tolerated with no grade > 2 toxicity. 40% showed morphological response, 55% remained stable. Metabolically, 50% achieved significant improvement. With a median OS of 41.5 months, all patients were alive without local or distant progression or need for surgical resection. CONCLUSION: SBRT is a feasible and well-tolerated approach for small neuroendocrine pancreatic tumors, demonstrating effective local control. Further investigations are vital for validation and extension of these findings.

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El objetivo de la investigación fue valorar el proceso de integración de contenidos desde la disciplina Diagnóstico Integral de Laboratorio en la carrera de Bioanálisis Clínico desde una perspectiva social de la ciencia y la tecnología. De los métodos empíricos fueron utilizados la revisión documental y el análisis de documentos, así como la caracterización del estado actual del desarrollo de la técnica lámina periférica por los docentes y estudiantes del tercer año, en la que se identificaron insuficiencias que influyen en la preparación de este futuro profesional. A partir de la valoración realizada se argumentó la necesidad de elaborar una estrategia didáctica para la integración de los contenidos en la carrera de Bioanálisis Clínico lo que contribuirá a la preparación de los estudiantes y profesores.

The objective of the research was to assess the process of integration of contents from the Comprehensive Laboratory Diagnosis discipline in the Clinical Bioanalysis degree from a social perspective of science and technology. From the empirical methods, the documentary review and the analysis of documents were used, as well as the characterization of the current state of development of the peripheral lamina technique by teachers and students of the third year, in which insufficiencies were identified that influence the preparation of this future professional. Based on the assessment made, the need to develop a didactic strategy for the integration of the contents in the Clinical Bioanalysis career was argued, which will contribute to the preparation of students and teachers.

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Ultrastructural features of striatal white matter and cells in an in vivo model of glutaric acidemia type I created by intracerebral injection of glutaric acid (GA) were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. To test if the white matter damage observed in this model could be prevented, we administered the synthetic chemopreventive molecule CH38 ((E)-3-(4-methylthiophenyl)-1-phenyl-2-propen-1-one) to newborn rats, previous to an intracerebroventricular injection of GA. The study was done when striatal myelination was incipient and when it was already established (at 12 and 45 days post-injection [DPI], respectively). Results obtained indicate that that the ultrastructure of astrocytes and neurons did not appear significantly affected by the GA bolus. Instead, in oligodendrocytes, the most prominent GA-dependent injury defects included endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and nuclear envelope swelling at 12 DPI. Altered and reduced immunoreactivities against heavy neurofilament (NF), proteolipid protein (PLP), and myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) together with axonal bundle fragmentation and decreased myelin were also found at both ages analyzed. CH38 by itself did not affect striatal cells or axonal packages. However, the group of rats that received CH38 before GA did not show evidence neither of ER stress nor nuclear envelope dilation in oligodendrocytes, and axonal bundles appeared less fragmented. In this group, labeling of NF and PLP was similar to the controls. These results suggest that the CH38 molecule is a candidate drug to prevent or decrease the neural damage elicited by a pathological increase of GA in the brain. Optimization of the treatments and identification of the mechanisms underlying CH38 protective effects will open new therapeutic windows to protect myelin, which is a vulnerable target of numerous nervous system diseases.

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A pesar de existir varios mecanismos para la prevención y manejo de la parálisis cerebral, aún persisten dificultades, en especial en la edad pediátrica. Se presenta como objetivo comentar elementos inherentes a la prevención y manejo de la parálisis cerebral para su abordaje, desde el punto de vista del enfoque psicosocial, obtenidos de la revisión documental con la cual se inició un estudio que forma parte del proyecto de investigación Estrategias para el perfeccionamiento de la prevención y manejo de la Parálisis Cerebral en Camagüey que se ejecuta, desde enero de 2020 y hasta diciembre de 2022, bajo la dirección del Centro de Desarrollo de las Ciencias Sociales y Humanísticas en Salud, adscrito a la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey, en colaboración con los policlínicos José Martí Pérez y Rodolfo Ramírez Esquivel de las áreas de salud de la ciudad. Por su carácter la investigación es cuanticualitativa y se sustenta en la conceptualización y los procesos de evaluación de prevención y manejo de los programas de salud, lo que se evidencia en la forma de intercambiar durante la investigación, con los profesionales, así como expertos en ciencias sociales. Fueron consultados materiales y textos pertinentes a la temática desde el punto de médico y desde la visión del enfoque social de la situación de salud.

Although there are several mechanisms for the prevention and management of cerebral palsy, difficulties still persist, especially in the pediatric age. The objective is to comment on elements inherent to the prevention and management of cerebral palsy for its approach, from the point of view of the psychosocial approach, obtained from the documentary review with which a study was initiated that is part of the research project Strategies for the improvement of the prevention and management of Cerebral Palsy in Camagüey that is executed, from January 2020 and until December 2022, under the direction of the Center for the Development of Social and Humanistic Sciences in Health, attached to the University of Medical Sciences of Camagüey, in collaboration with the José Martí Pérez and Rodolfo Ramírez Esquivel polyclinics of the city's health areas. Due to its nature, the research is quantitative and is based on the conceptualization and evaluation processes of prevention and management of health programs, which is evidenced in the way of exchanging during the investigation, with professionals, as well as experts in social science. Materials and texts pertinent to the theme were consulted from the medical point of view and from the vision of the social approach to the health situation.

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RESUMEN La integración de los contenidos científicos constituye tendencia internacional en los procesos formativos y reviste marcada relevancia por la repercusión social para la solución de problemas. El artículo analiza el devenir histórico en la enseñanza-aprendizaje de las ciencias básicas biomédicas con énfasis en la integración de sus contenidos desde la Fisiología, para la carrera Estomatología. Entre los métodos teóricos, se utilizaron el histórico-lógico, el analítico-sintético y el inductivo-deductivo; y del nivel empírico fue empleado el análisis de documentos. Los talleres de opinión crítica y construcción colectiva permitieron definir los indicadores utilizados. Se aporta una caracterización de cuatro etapas enmarcadas desde 1992 hasta la actualidad y se develan las tendencias del proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje de las ciencias biomédicas y su integración en la carrera Estomatología en Cuba. Se constataron transformaciones que favorecen la integración de los contenidos básicos biomédicos, aunque persisten limitaciones en el orden teórico, metodológico y práctico para lograrlo.

ABSTRACT The integration of scientific contents is a global trend in its teaching and it is relevant due to its social impact for problem solving. The paper analyses the historical evolution of the teaching learning of biomedical sciences, emphasizing on its contents integration from Physiology, in the Dentistry degree course. Among the theoretical methods, the logical-historical; the synthetic -analytic and the inductive-deductive were used; and from the empirical level, the documents analysis was carried out. Critical opinion and collective building workshops allowed to define the assumed indicators. A characterization of four stages from 1992 up to date is offered and tendencies of the teaching learning process of biomedical sciences in relation to their integration. Modifications in favor to contents integration were found, however there are limitations from the theoretical, methodological and practical points of view to achieve it.

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Abstract In recent years, nanocarriers have been studied as promising pharmaceutical tools for controlled drug-delivery, treatment-efficacy follow-up and disease imaging. Among them, X-shaped amphiphilic polymeric micelles (Tetronic®, poloxamines) display great potential due to their biocompatibility and non-toxic effects, among others. In the present work, polymeric micelles based on the T1307 copolymer were initially decorated with a 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY)-fluorophore in order to determinate its in vivo biodistribution on 4T1 tumor-bearing mice. However, unfavorable results with this probe led to two different strategies. On the one hand, the BODIPY-micelle-loaded, L-T1307-BODIPY, and on the other hand, the 99mTc-micelle-radiolabeled, L-T1307- 99m Tc, were analyzed separately in vivo. The results indicated that T1307 accumulates mainly in the stomach, the kidneys, the lungs and the tumor, reaching the maximum organ-accumulation 2 hours after intravenous injection. Additionally, and according to the results obtained for L-T1307- 99m Tc, the capture of the polymeric micelles in organs could be observed up to 24 hours after injection. The results obtained in this work were promising towards the development of new radiotracer agents for breast cancer based on X-shaped polymeric micelles.

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RESUMEN Fundamento: las actuales condiciones de estudio y trabajo en las ciencias médicas exigen un óptimo trabajo de las instituciones formadoras y asistenciales para garantizar un egresado con profundas convicciones éticas y humanas. Objetivo: expresar las contribuciones teóricas y prácticas de una estrategia implementada para la formación y superación de profesionales vinculados al análisis clínico. Métodos: se realizó un estudio longitudinal retrospectivo y documental en el período enero 2013-diciembre 2019 en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos y empíricos: la revisión documental que permitió recopilar la información referente a las investigaciones realizadas en el periodo analizado; y de la estadística descriptiva e inferencial para el análisis y expresión de los resultados. Resultados: se corresponden con lo logrado en diferentes proyectos de investigación encaminados al perfeccionamiento de la formación inicial y de posgrado de estos profesionales. Incluyen: el establecimiento de asignatura del currículo optativo y la aplicación de materiales didácticos en la carrera de Bioanálisis Clínico, y asignatura del currículo propio en la de Análisis Clínico y Medicina Transfusional de ciclo corto. En el posgrado, un modelo teórico y una estrategia para la superación profesional del tecnólogo de la salud en Laboratorio Clínico desde la integración ciencias básicas biomédicas-laboratorio, y la implementación y evaluación del impacto del diplomado de Ciencias del Laboratorio. Conclusiones: la estrategia implementada contribuyó a perfeccionar el desempeño de los estudiantes en formación, y de los egresados, al disponer de un sistema de superación posgraduada.

ABSTRACT Background: current study and working conditions in medical sciences require optimal work from educational and care institutions to guarantee a graduate with deep ethical and human convictions. Objective: to express the theoretical and practical contributions of a strategy implemented for the training and improvement of professionals linked to clinical analysis. Methods: a retrospective and documentary longitudinal study was carried out from January 2013 to December 2019 at Camagüey University of Medical Sciences. Theoretical and empirical methods were used: the documentary review that made it possible to collect the information regarding the investigations carried out in the analyzed period; and descriptive and inferential statistics for the analysis and expression of the results. Results: they correspond to what has been achieved in different research projects aimed at improving the initial and postgraduate training of these professionals. They include: the establishment of an optional curriculum and the application of didactic materials in the Clinical Bio-analysis degree, and a subject from the own curriculum in the Short-cycle Clinical Analysis and Transfusion Medicine. In the postgraduate course, a theoretical model and a strategy for the professional improvement of the health technologist in the Clinical Laboratory from the integration of basic biomedical-laboratory sciences, and the implementation and evaluation of the impact of the Laboratory Sciences diploma course. Conclusions: the implemented strategy contributed to improve the performance of students at training, and graduates, by having a postgraduate improvement system.

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RESUMEN Fundamento: el diseño curricular debe partir de las exigencias sociales; este permite la determinación de las cualidades a alcanzar por el egresado y la estructura organizacional del proceso docente a nivel de carrera. Objetivo: valorar la importancia de las ciencias básicas en el plan del proceso docente del técnico superior en Análisis Clínico y Medicina Transfusional, por su influencia en la formación laboral del futuro egresado. Métodos: se realizó una investigación documental en el período comprendido entre septiembre y noviembre de 2019 en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey. Se emplearon métodos teóricos: análisis-síntesis e inductivo-deductivo; y empíricos: el análisis documental a partir del cual se realizaron valoraciones cualitativa y cuantitativa del plan del proceso docente del técnico superior en Análisis Clínico y Medicina Transfusional. Resultados: en el plan del proceso docente de esta carrera no aparecen las asignaturas clasificadas por ciclos y se evidencia una disminución considerable del ciclo básico. Conclusiones: la valoración realizada evidencia que falta precisión del papel que juega cada ciclo de las asignaturas en el plan del proceso docente, lo que influye negativamente en su cientificidad y se demuestra que tiene una elevada carga laboral, ya que el estudiante desde sus primeros años se encuentra vinculado al trabajo diario en el servicio asistencial en el que adquiere habilidades propias de la profesión.

ABSTRACT Background: curricular design must start from social demands; this allows the determination of the qualities to be achieved by the graduate and the organizational structure of the teaching process at degree level. Objective: to assess the importance of basic sciences in the plan of the teaching process of the lab technician in Clinical Analysis and Transfusion Medicine, due to its influence on the job training of future graduates. Methods: a documentary research was carried out in the period from September to November 2019 at Camagüey University of Medical Sciences. Theoretical methods were used: analysis-synthesis and inductive-deductive; and empirical ones: the documentary analysis from which qualitative and quantitative evaluations were made of the plan of the teaching process of the lab technician in Clinical Analysis and Transfusion Medicine. Results: in the plan of the teaching process of this degree, the subjects classified by cycles do not appear and there is a considerable decrease in the basic cycle. Conclusions: the assessment carried out shows that there is a lack of precision in the role that each cycle of the subjects play in the plan of the teaching process, which negatively influences its scientific approach and shows that it has a high workload, since the student from its early years is linked to daily work in the healthcare service in which it acquires distinctive skills of the profession.

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RESUMEN El objetivo del presente estudio está dirigido a analizar los presupuestos teóricos acerca del aprendizaje basado en problemas como metodología activa para la enseñanza de las ciencias naturales en la Educación Superior cubana. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en la que se consideraron artículos originales y de revisión publicados entre 2000 y 2020 a partir de los descriptores aprendizaje basado en problemas, aprendizaje por descubrimiento y construcción, aprendizaje basado en proyectos y en retos. La búsqueda fue realizada en las bases de datos SciELO y Google académico de abril a junio de 2020, en función del establecimiento de los presupuestos teóricos y metodológicos de una investigación desarrollada en el Departamento de Química de la Facultad de Ciencias Aplicadas perteneciente a la Universidad de Camagüey Ignacio Agramonte Loynaz. Se concluye que resulta pertinente asumir por parte del profesor esta metodología, ya que se concreta en una gestión docente enfocada en el aprendizaje centrado en el estudiante, por consiguiente, es necesario seguir investigando en esta temática y proceder al desarrollo y la aplicación de instrumentos que permitan evaluarla de modo fiable y eficaz.

ABSTRACT The objective of the actual research is to analyze the theoretical bases about problem-based learning as an active methodology for the teaching of natural sciences in Cuban Higher Education. With the descriptors learning based on problems, learning by discovery and construction, learning based on projects and challenges, a bibliographic review was carried out in which original and review articles published between 2000 and 2020 were considered. The search was carried out in the databases of SciELO and Google academic data from April to June 2020. It is concluded that it is pertinent to assume this methodology by the teacher, since it is specified in a teaching management focused on student-centered learning, therefore, it is necessary to continue investigating in this area and proceed to the development and application of instruments that allow them to be evaluated reliably and effectively.

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Introducción: La disfunción renal aguda es frecuente en pacientes quirúrgicos. Objetivo: Identificar los factores de riesgo que influyen en el desarrollo de lesión renal aguda durante el postoperatorio inmediato en cuatro años. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de tipo casos y controles. (750 controles y 230 casos). Fue empleado el Chi Cuadrado (α< 0,05), el OR con IC 95 por ciento y el cálculo de valores predictivos. Resultados: La frecuencia fue de un 23,4 por ciento. Los factores de riesgo en el posoperatorio fueron: mayores de 60 años (OR 4,0 IC 95 por ciento 2,9-5,6) (p=0,00), cirugía de urgencia (OR 2,7 IC 95 por ciento 2,1-3,6) (p=0,00), ASA clase 4 (OR 2,0 IC 95 por ciento 1,4-2,8,) (p=0,00). En el intra y posoperatorio: cirugía de fractura de cadera (OR 4,9 IC 95 por ciento 3,2-7,5), anestesia general (OR 3,0 IC 95 por ciento 2,2-4,2), administración mayor de 2500 mL de cristaloides (OR 186,1 IC 95 por ciento 107,4-321,9) (p=0,00), más de 60 mg de furosemida (OR 3,3 IC 95 por ciento 2,4-4,6) (p=0,00), APACHE II inicial ≥ 15 puntos (OR 46 IC 95 por ciento 28,1-74,8) (p=0,00). El mayor valor predictivo lo obtuvo el APACHE II inicial (sensibilidad 92,0 por cientoy especificidad 80,0 por ciento). Conclusiones: El control de los factores de riesgo en el posoperatorio inmediato disminuiría de forma significativa la incidencia de lesión renal aguda, en especial en aquellos mayores de 60 años, con cirugía de urgencia, anestesia general, fractura de cadera y APACHE II por encima de 15 puntos. Debe garantizarse la normovolemia, individualizar y optimizar dosis-tiempo de exposición de la furosemida, hemoderivados y aminas vasoactivas(AU)

Introduction: Acute renal dysfunction is frequent in surgical patients. Objective: To identify the risk factors that influence the development of acute kidney injury during the immediate postoperative period in four years. Methods: A case-control study was carried out, with 750 controls and 230 cases. Chi-square (α<0.05), odds ratio [OR] (95 percent confidence interval [95 percent CI]) and calculation of predictive values ​​were used. Results: The frequency was 23.4 percent. The postoperative risk factors were age over 60 years (OR: 4.0; 95 percent CI: 2.9-5.6) (P=0.00), emergency surgery (OR: 2.7; 95 percent CI: 2.1-3.6) (P=0.00), and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class IV (OR: 2.0; 95 percent CI: 1.4-2.8) (P=0.00). In the intraoperative and postoperative periods, the risk factors were hip fracture surgery (OR: 4.9; 95 percent CI: 3.2-7.5), general anesthesia (OR: 3.0; 95 percent CI 2.2-4.2), administration of more than 2500 mL of crystalloids (OR: 186.1; 95 percent CI: 107.4-321.9) (P=0.00), more than 60 mg of furosemide (OR: 3.3; 95 percent CI: 2.4-4.6) (p=0.00), initial acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score ≥ 15 points (OR: 46; 95 percent CI: 28.1-74.8) (p=0.00). The highest predictive value was obtained by the initial APACHE II (sensitivity of 92.0 percent and specificity of 80.0 percent). Conclusions: The control of risk factors in the immediate postoperative period would reduce the incidence of acute renal injury significantly, especially in patients aged over 60 years, who underwent emergency surgery, received general anesthesia, with hip fracture and APACHE II above 15 points. Normovolemia must be guaranteed, as well as individualizing and optimizing the relationship dose-time of exposure of furosemide, blood products and vasoactive amines(AU)

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RESUMEN Fundamento: la calidad en el campo de la salud es un tema obligado por su incidencia en los servicios a la población. Objetivo: caracterizar la capacitación ofrecida a los trabajadores del Centro de Inmunología y Productos Biológicos en temas de gestión de la calidad con la finalidad de elevar su desempeño profesional. Métodos: se realizó una investigación educativa en el período abril-diciembre de 2019 en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey. Se emplearon métodos teóricos: analítico-sintético e inductivo-deductivo; empíricos: la revisión documental, entrevista y observación científica; y matemático-estadísticos para el cálculo de las frecuencias absolutas y el porcentaje. Resultados: predominó entre los trabajadores el desconocimiento acerca de qué es un sistema de gestión de la calidad y la importancia de su implementación, así como la necesidad sentida de capacitación sobre el tema; las actividades realizadas se dividieron en dos grupos: las encaminadas a lograr familiarización y las diseñadas para certificar conocimientos adquiridos; a pesar de que estas actividades no siempre contaron con la asistencia requerida, aumentaron el nivel de conocimientos en los trabajadores y propiciaron cambios en su mentalidad y proyección respecto al sentido de pertenencia. Conclusiones: se caracterizó la efectividad de la capacitación ofrecida a los trabajadores del Centro de Inmunología y Productos Biológicos la cual contenía aspectos medulares referentes al tema de gestión de la calidad. Los conocimientos adquiridos condicionaron una base sólida para elaborar estrategias de trabajo con nuevos objetivos según la perspectiva futura.

ABSTRACT Background: quality is an obligatory issue in the field of health due to its incidence in services to the population. Objective: to characterize the training offered on quality management issues to the workers of the Center for Immunology and Biological Products in order to improve their professional performance. Methods: an educational research was carried out from April to December 2019 at Camagüey University of Medical Sciences. Theoretical methods were used: analytical-synthetic and inductive-deductive; empirical ones: documentary review, interview and scientific observation; and mathematical-statistics for the calculation of the absolute frequencies and percentages. Results: the lack of knowledge on what a quality management system is and the importance of its implementation prevailed among workers, as well as the need indeed for training on the subject; The activities carried out were divided into two groups: those aimed at achieving familiarization and those designed to certify acquired knowledge; Although these activities did not always have the required assistance, they increased the level of knowledge in the workers and led to changes in their mentality and projection regarding the sense of belonging. Conclusions: the effectiveness of the training offered to the workers of the Center for Immunology and Biological Products was characterized, which contained core aspects related to the issue of quality management. The knowledge acquired conditioned a solid base to elaborate work strategies with new objectives according to the future perspective.

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RESUMEN Fundamento: la integración de contenidos científicos es tendencia e imperativo en la educación superior, por lo que estudiar la realidad educativa en este campo permite encaminar acciones para perfeccionar el proceso enseñanza aprendizaje. Objetivo: diagnosticar el estado actual de la integración de contenidos de las ciencias básicas biomédicas en la disciplina Morfofisiología para la carrera de Estomatología. Métodos: investigación observacional descriptiva y transversal de corte pedagógico desarrollada en la Facultad de Estomatología de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey, desde septiembre 2018 hasta marzo 2020. Se emplearon métodos teóricos: análisis-síntesis e inductivo-deductivo; y empíricos: entrevista y cuestionario a profesores y estudiantes, observación científica y revisión documental. Resultados: todos los profesores y la mayoría de los estudiantes consideraron importante la integración en Morfofisiología; sin embargo la media de los docentes expresó limitaciones para lograrlo, lo que coincidió con el criterio estudiantil al expresar que sus profesores no estaban suficientemente preparados en especialidades distintas a la suya; de similar modo los docentes consideraron insuficiente el nivel de integración alcanzado por los estudiantes al culminar la disciplina. Conclusiones: aun cuando confieren importancia a la integración de contenidos en el proceso enseñanza aprendizaje de la Morfofisiología, en los estudiantes persisten limitaciones relacionadas con el dominio de los contenidos susceptibles de ser integrados, y carencias pedagógicas en los profesores para conducirlos hacia este enfoque, desde su propia implicación en este proceso docente integrador.

ABSTRACT Background: the integration of scientific content is a trend and imperative in higher education, so studying the educational reality in this field allows directing actions to improve the teaching-learning process. Objective: to diagnose the current state of the integration of contents of the basic biomedical sciences in the Morphology-physiology discipline for the Dentistry degree. Methods: descriptive and cross-sectional observational research of a pedagogical nature developed at the Dentistry Faculty of Camagüey University of Medical Sciences, from September 2018 to March 2020. Theoretical methods were used: analysis-synthesis and inductive-deductive; and empirical: interview and questionnaire with teachers and students, scientific observation and documentary review. Results: all the teachers and most of the students considered important integration in Morphology- physiology. However, the average of the teachers expressed limitations to achieve this, which coincided with the student´s criteria when expressing that their teachers were not sufficiently prepared in specialties other than their own; similarly, the teachers considered the level of integration reached by the students to be insufficient at the end of the discipline. Conclusions: even though the students attach importance to the integration of content in the Morphology-physiology teaching-learning process, they still have limitations related to mastering the content that can be integrated as well as pedagogical deficiencies in teachers to lead them towards this approach from their own involvement in this inclusive teaching process.

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RESUMEN El objetivo de la investigación de la cual deriva el presente texto estuvo encaminado a elaborar una propuesta de programa de maestría para los profesionales de la salud vinculados al análisis clínico, desde las tecnologías del diagnóstico en laboratorio. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en el Centro de Inmunología y Productos Biológicos de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey, en el período comprendido de enero a marzo de 2019. De los métodos empíricos fueron empleados la técnica de discusión grupal y la encuesta aplicada a egresados y jefes de los servicios asistenciales. Se concluye que se elabora una propuesta de programa de maestría para los profesionales de la salud vinculados al análisis clínico como respuesta a la necesidad e interés por elevar los niveles de competencia y desempeño profesional e investigativo de estos desde las tecnologías del diagnóstico en laboratorio.

ABSTRACT The objective of the research was to develop a proposal for a master's program for health professionals linked to clinical analysis from laboratory diagnostic technologies. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at the Center for Immunology and Biological Products of the University of Medical Sciences of Camagüey, in the period from January to March 2019. From the empirical methods, the group discussion technique was used, and the survey applied to graduates and heads of healthcare services. It is concluded that a master's program proposal is prepared for health professionals linked to clinical analysis in response to the need and interest in raising the levels of competence and professional and investigative performance of these from the technologies of laboratory diagnosis.

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Introducción: El pronóstico de morir por sangrado digestivo permite individualizar el tratamiento y disminuir la letalidad. Objetivos: Identificar los factores pronósticos de mortalidad por sangramiento digestivo no variceal en pacientes graves. Métodos: Se estudiaron casos y controles en pacientes ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital Docente Clínico Quirúrgico Joaquín Albarrán Domínguez entre el 1ro de enero 2018 al 31 de diciembre de 2019. El universo estuvo constituido por 1060 pacientes, se seleccionaron 154 pacientes (137 controles y 17 casos). Se aplicó el Chi cuadrado y el Odds ratio (IC= 95 por ciento). Resultados: Del total de pacientes estudiados, 11,3 por ciento fallecieron, la edad promedio fue 69 ± 11,58 (grupo control) y 75± 11,42 (grupo casos). Las alteraciones del equilibrio ácido-base tuvieron 7,4 riesgo de morir con (IC 95 por ciento 2,5-21,9), la hipoxia 1,1 (IC 95 por ciento 0,41-3,2), las variaciones del potasio 4,9 (IC 95 por ciento 1,54-16,1), hiperlactemia 16,9 (IC 95 por ciento 5,3-52,0), las desviaciones del sodio 6,5 (IC 95 % 0,8-51,4). Con ventilación mecánica 2,17 (IC 95 por ciento 0,6-7,0), el apoyo de aminas vasoactivas 16,9 (IC 95 por ciento5,30-52,0), la trasfusión de glóbulos rojos, 11,7 (IC 95 por ciento 3,1-4,3) y con tratamiento dialítico 47,5 (IC 95 por ciento 8,6-258.0), las complicaciones 3,4 (IC 95 por ciento 1,15-10,4). El tratamiento endoscópico fue 93,5 por ciento de grupo control y 41,3 por ciento del grupo de casos, con OR en 0,04 (IC 95 por ciento 0,01-0,15). Conclusiones: Los factores pronósticos identificados fueron: alteraciones del pH, del sodio, el potasio, elevación del lactato, la ventilación mecánica, transfusiones más de 250 mL de glóbulos rojos, apoyo de aminas vasoactivas, tratamiento dialítico, y complicaciones relacionadas con el sangrado. El tratamiento endoscópico fue un factor de protección(AU)

Introduction: The prognosis of dying from digestive bleeding allows individualizing treatment and reducing mortality. Objectives: To identify the prognostic factors of mortality due to nonvariceal gastrointestinal bleeding in seriously-ill patients. Methods: Cases and controls were studied in patients admitted to the intensive care unit of Joaquín Albarrán Domínguez Clinical-Surgical Teaching Hospital, between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2019. The universe consisted of 1060 patients, 154 of which were selected to make up the sample (137 controls and 17 cases). Chi-square and odds ratio (CI: 95 percent) were applied. Results: Of the total of patients studied, 11.3 percent died, the average age was 69±11.58 (control group) and 75±11.42 (case group). Alterations in acid-base balance accounted for 7.4 as risk of dying (CI: 95 percent; 2.5-21.9), hypoxia accounted for 1.1 (CI: 95 percent; 0.41-3.2), variations in potassium accounted for 4.9 (CI: 95 percent; 1.54-16.1), hyperlacthemia accounted for 16.9 (CI: 95 percent; 5.3-52.0), and sodium deviations accounted for 6.5 (CI: 95 percent; 0.8-51, 4), mechanical ventilation accounted for 2.17 (CI: 95 percent; 0.6-7.0), vasoactive amines support accounted for 16.9 (CI: 95 percent; 5.30-52.0), red blood cell transfusion accounted for 11.7 (CI: 95 percent; 3.1-4.3), dialysis treatment accounted for 47.5 (CI: 95 percent; 8.6-258.0), and complications accounted for 3.4 (CI: 95 percent; 1.15-10.4). Endoscopic treatment was 93.5 percent in the control group and 41.3 percent in the case group, with odds ratio at 0.04 (CI: 95 percent; 0.01-0.15). Conclusions: The prognostic factors identified were alterations in pH, sodium, potassium, elevated lactate, mechanical ventilation, transfusions of more than 250 mL of red blood cells, vasoactive amine support, dialysis treatment, and complications related to bleeding. Endoscopic treatment was a protective factor(AU)

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2-Amino-7-fluorophenazine 5,10-dioxide (FNZ) is a bioreducible prodrug, poorly soluble in water, with potential anticancer activity on hypoxic-tumors. This poor solubility limits its potential applications in clinic. Amphiphilic pristine polymeric micelles (PMs) based on triblock copolymers Pluronic® and Tetronic®, glycosylated derivatives and their mixtures with preformed-liposomes (LPS), were analyzed as strategies to improve the bioavailability of FNZ. FNZ encapsulations were performed and the obtaining nanostructures were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-VIS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). The most promising nanoformulations were analyzed for their potential toxicity and pharmacologically, at 20 mg/kg FNZ-doses, in a stage-IV murine metastatic-breast tumor model. The results revealed that the solubility of the encapsulated-FNZ increased up to 14 times and the analysis (UV-VIS, DLS and TEM) confirmed the interaction between vehicles and FNZ. In all the cases appropriate encapsulation efficiencies (greater than 75%), monodisperse nanometric particle sizes (PDI = 0.180-0.335), adequate Z-potentials (-1.59 to -26.4 mV), stabilities and spherical morphologies were obtained. The in vitro profile of FNZ controlled releases corresponded mainly to a kinetic Higuchi model. The in vitro/in vivo biological studies revealed non-toxicity and relevant tumor-weight diminution (up to 61%).

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RESUMEN Fundamento: las enfermedades neurológicas son una de las principales causas de muerte e invalidez en todo el mundo. Objetivo: identificar los factores pronósticos relacionados con la mortalidad por enfermedades neurológicas agudas no traumáticas en pacientes graves. Métodos: se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, transversal, del 1ro de enero al 31 de diciembre 2019. El universo estuvo representado por 130 pacientes y la muestra fue de 114. Se empleó el porcentaje, suma, el chi cuadrado y el Odd Radio para identificar los factores de riesgo, con un IC de 95 %. Resultados: predominó el grupo etario de 50-59 años del sexo masculino con enfermedad cerebrovascular isquémica, aunque el mayor porcentaje de fallecidos fue por enfermedad cerebrovascular hemorrágica. Los pacientes con tratamiento quirúrgico tuvieron relación con la mortalidad, con discreto predominio de la cirugía urgente. Alrededor de la mitad de los pacientes requirieron ventilación mecánica y fue un factor pronóstico de mortalidad. Predominó la desnutrición y la obesidad. Las arritmias cardíacas, necesidad de apoyo de aminas vasoactivas, estadía promedio mayor de 14 días y las complicaciones fueron factores de pronóstico de mortalidad. Igual, el índice leucoglicémico mayor de 0,75 y APACHE II inicial mayor de 15 puntos. Predominó la puntuación Glasgow por encima de ocho puntos. Conclusiones: los factores pronósticos relacionados con la mortalidad por enfermedades neurológicas agudas no traumáticas en pacientes graves fueron la presencia de arritmias cardíacas, necesidad de ventilación mecánica y de apoyo de aminas vasoactivas tratamiento quirúrgico, índice leucoglicémico mayor de 0,75 puntos, puntuación APACHE II inicial mayor de 15 puntos y la presencia de complicaciones.

ABSTRACT Background: neurological diseases are one of the main causes of death and disability worldwide. Objective: to identify prognostic factors related to mortality from acute non-traumatic neurological diseases in seriously ill patients. Methods: a retrospective, cross-sectional study was carried out from January 1st to December 31st, 2019. Universe was constituted of 130 patients and the sample was 114. Percentage, sum, chi-square and Odd Radio were used to identify risk factors, with an IC of 95 %. Results: the age group of 50-59 years prevailed, male with ischemic cerebrovascular disease, although the highest percentage of deaths was due to hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease. Patients with surgical treatment were related to mortality, with a slight predominance of urgent surgery. About half of the patients required mechanical ventilation and it was a prognostic factor for mortality. Malnutrition and obesity predominated. Cardiac arrhythmias, need for vasoactive amine support, average length of stay greater than 14 days and complications were prognostic factors for mortality. Likewise, the leukoglycemic index greater than 0.75 and the initial APACHE II was greater than 15 points. The Glasgow score was above 8 points. Conclusions: the prognostic factors related to mortality from acute non-traumatic neurological diseases in severe patients were the presence of cardiac arrhythmias, need for mechanical ventilation and support for vasoactive amines, surgical treatment, leukoglycemic index greater than 0.75 points, initial APACHE II score greater than 15 points and the presence of complications.

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BACKGROUND: Multiple therapeutic properties have been attributed to Cannabis sativa. However, further research is required to unveil the medicinal potential of Cannabis and the relationship between biological activity and chemical profile. OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this study was to characterize the chemical profile and antioxidant properties of three varieties of Cannabis sativa available in Uruguay during progressive stages of maturation. METHODS: Fresh samples of female inflorescences from three stable Cannabis sativa phenotypes, collected at different time points during the end of the flowering period were analyzed. Chemical characterization of chloroform extracts was performed by 1H-NMR. The antioxidant properties of the cannabis sativa extracts, and pure cannabinoids, were measured in a Cu2+-induced LDL oxidation assay. RESULTS: The main cannabinoids in the youngest inflorescences were tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THC-A, 242 ± 62 mg/g) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC, 7.3 ± 6.5 mg/g). Cannabinoid levels increased more than twice in two of the mature samples. A third sample showed a lower and constant concentration of THC-A and THC (177 ± 25 and 1 ± 1, respectively). The THC-A/THC rich cannabis extracts increased the latency phase of LDL oxidation by a factor of 1.2-3.5 per µg, and slowed down the propagation phase of lipoperoxidation (IC50 1.7-4.6 µg/mL). Hemp, a cannabidiol (CBD, 198 mg/g) and cannabidiolic acid (CBD-A, 92 mg/g) rich variety, also prevented the formation of conjugated dienes during LDL oxidation. In fact, 1 µg of extract was able to stretch the latency phase 3.7 times and also to significantly reduce the steepness of the propagation phase (IC50 of 8 µg/mL). Synthetic THC lengthened the duration of the lag phase by a factor of 21 per µg, while for the propagation phase showed an IC50 ≤ 1 µg/mL. Conversely, THC-A was unable to improve any parameter. Meanwhile, the presence of 1 µg of pure CBD and CBD-A increased the initial latency phase 4.8 and 9.4 times, respectively, but did not have an effect on the propagation phase. CONCLUSION: Cannabis whole extracts acted on both phases of lipid oxidation in copper challenged LDL. Those effects were just partially related with the content of cannabinoids and partially recapitulated by isolated pure cannabinoids. Our results support the potentially beneficial effects of cannabis sativa whole extracts on the initial phase of atherosclerosis.

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El profesional de las ciencias de la información puede ejercer en cualquier organización que genere, posea, acceda y utilice información de forma intensiva. Sin embargo, desde hace varios años se observa que en la Universidad de Camagüey la matrícula a esa carrera universitaria resulta cada vez más deprimida. Por tal razón, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo caracterizar la representación social de la licenciatura en Ciencias de la Información en estudiantes universitarios. Para esto, se sistematizaron diversos referentes teóricos relacionados con la representación social desde una perspectiva de la psicología social. Posteriormente se realizó un estudio descriptivo en la Universidad de Camagüey, en el que se utilizaron como métodos empíricos de investigación la entrevista grupal, la técnica de la composición y la encuesta. Los principales resultados apuntaron a que la estructuración de la representación social de la licenciatura en Ciencias de la Información en estudiantes universitarios se expresa en un nivel superficial, el cual refleja un carácter situacional-contextual, cuyos contenidos están ceñidos al imaginario social, con el trabajo del bibliotecario en las escuelas y su vínculo docente(AU)

Information sciences professionals may be employed by any organization generating, possessing, accessing or using information in an intensive manner. However, for some years now a decreasing tendency has been observed in the number of students majoring in Information Sciences at the University of Camagüey. The purpose of the present paper is therefore to characterize the social representation of Information Sciences studies among university students. To achieve such an end, systematization was performed of a number of theoretical referents related to social representation from the perspective of social psychology. Next, a descriptive study was conducted at the University of Camagüey applying the empirical research methods of group interview, composition technique and survey. The main results obtained suggest that social representation structuring of Information Sciences studies by university students is expressed on a surface level, reflecting a situational-contextual character whose contents are determined by social imagery, the work of school librarians and their teaching practice(AU)

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RESUMEN Fundamento: el extendido de sangre periférica o lámina periférica, como también se conoce, es la evaluación morfológica semicuantitativa de las tres series hematopoyéticas en una extensión de sangre periférica coloreada y observada a través del microscopio. Objetivo: elaborar un procedimiento metodológico para el extendido de sangre periférica desde una perspectiva interdisciplinar en la licenciatura en Bioanálisis Clínico. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal desde septiembre a noviembre de 2018, en la facultad Tecnológica perteneciente a la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey. Se emplearon métodos teóricos como el análisis y síntesis, el inductivo y deductivo. De los métodos empíricos, fueron aplicados el análisis de documentos, la prueba diagnóstica exploratoria, resultados de controles a clases, la entrevista y encuesta para la validación de la propuesta. Resultados: insuficiencias en cuanto al establecimiento de las relaciones interdisciplinarias entre los contenidos de Histología y el componente hematológico de la asignatura Diagnóstico de Laboratorio I, los estudiantes mostraron dificultades en la realización de la técnica y no lograron caracterizar morfológicamente algunas de las células hematopoyéticas. Conclusiones: se elaboró un procedimiento metodológico para la técnica lámina periférica desde una perspectiva interdisciplinar y la validación de la propuesta mediante el método de consenso conformado por un grupo nominal, donde resultan las categorías de muy adecuado y adecuado para el desarrollo de la técnica lámina periférica, pues la observación de extendidos periféricos es un elemento importante en la orientación del análisis de las diferentes enfermedades, componente esencial del diagnóstico integral del laboratorio clínico.

ABSTRACT Background: the peripheral blood extension or peripheral lamina, as it is also known, is the semi-quantitative morphological evaluation of the three hematopoietic series, in an extension of peripheral blood colored and observed through the microscope. Objective: to develop a methodological procedure for the extension of peripheral blood from an interdisciplinary perspective in the degree in Clinical Bioanalysis. Methods: cross-sectional descriptive study in the period from September to November 2018, in the Technological Faculty belonging to the University of Medical Sciences of Camagüey. Theoretical methods such as analysis and synthesis and inductive and deductive methods were used. Of the empirical methods, the analysis of documents, the exploratory diagnostic test, results of controls to classes, the interview and survey for the validation of the proposal were applied. Results: insufficiencies regarding the establishment of interdisciplinary relationships between the contents of Histology and the hematological component of the Laboratory Diagnostic subject I, the students showed difficulties in performing the technique and failed to characterize morphologically some of the hematopoietic cells. Conclusions: a methodological procedure was developed for the peripheral lamina technique from an interdisciplinary perspective and the validation of the proposal by means of the consensus method formed by a nominal group where the categories of very adequate and suitable for the development of the peripheral lamina technique result. The observation of extension peripherals is an important element in the orientation of the analysis of the different diseases, an essential component of the integral diagnosis of the clinical laboratory.

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Interferons (IFNs) are important glycoproteins which can stimulate or inhibit up to three hundred different genes encoding proteins involved in antiviral defense mechanisms, inflammation, adaptive immunity, angiogenesis and among other processes. Nevertheless, different genetic alterations may lead to interferon alpha (IFN-α) overproduction in human autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus. As a consequence, IFN-α is a central molecule whose activity must be regulated to block their harmful effect on those disorders where the endogenous cytokine production constitutes the etiology of the illnesses. In this work, we evaluate the biological activity of eighty-eight compounds, from our own chemo-library, to find potential IFN-α inhibitors by using a reporter gene assay (RGA) WISH-Mx2/EGFP. We identified some compounds able to modulate negatively the IFN-α activity. The most active IFN-α inhibitors were further studied achieving promising results. In addition, some combinations of the most active compounds were analyzed accomplishing a stronger effect to decrease the IFN-α activity than each compound alone. Furthermore, the complete inhibition of the cytokine activity was reached with some combinations of compounds.

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