RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Actively searching for leprosy, other skin diseases and BCG vaccination scars amongst school children from Agua de Dios, the municipality having the highest prevalence of leprosy in Colombia. METHODS: A clinical examination of the children was carried out by nurses, interns, general practitioners and experts on leprosy. Skin smear tests and skin biopsies were performed when the clinical findings suggested leprosy. Anti-phenolic glycolipid antibodies in blood were determined in special cases. RESULTS: 86 % of the 2 844 school children were examined; 833 had skin diseases and 16 % of these required evaluation by specialists. Four new cases of paucibacillary leprosy, two indeterminate and two primary polyneuritic cases were found. Pediculosis capitis, pityriasis alba, tinea versicolor, hypopigmented nevus, insect bites and miliaria were frequently detected. BCG vaccination scars were absent in 387 children; following several logistical problems, they were vaccinated. Four children had signs of childhood abuse. An 11-year-old girl presented hypopigmented mycosis fungoides. All diseases and conditions found were treated. The community received information regarding the results, emphasising the importance of an early diagnosis of leprosy. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of leprosy found (16/10,000) was 123 times higher than the rest of the country's incidence. It is advisable to continue clinical examinations in Agua de Dios and research into risk factors for acquiring leprosy.
Assuntos
Hanseníase/epidemiologia , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Dermatopatias/epidemiologia , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Área Programática de Saúde , Criança , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Hanseníase/transmissão , Masculino , PrevalênciaRESUMO
Objetivo: Buscar lepra, otras enfermedades de la piel y la cicatriz BCG, en escolares de Agua de Dios, municipio con la más alta prevalencia de lepra en Colombia: 23-39/10 000; educar y difundir los resultados en la comunidad. Métodos: Se hizo examen clínico de los niños por enfermeras, médicos internos y generales y por expertos en lepra. Cuando la clínica lo indicaba, se practicaron baciloscopias y biopsias de piel. En pocos casos se buscaron anticuerpos en sangre contra el glicolípido fenólico 1, del bacilo de Hansen. Resultados: Se examinaron 86 por ciento de los 2 844 escolares de las 17 instituciones del municipio; 833 tuvieron patologías cutáneas, de los cuales 16 por ciento requirieron el examen por expertos. Se demostraron cuatro casos nuevos de lepra paucibacilar, dos indeterminados y dos polineuríticos primarios. Las entidades más frecuentes fueron: pediculosis, pitiriasis alba, pitiriasis versicolor, nevus hipocrómicos, picaduras de insectos y miliaria. Cuatro niños tuvieron maltrato infantil y una niña de 11 años, micosis fungoides hipocromiante. La vacunación BCG se aplicó en 387 niños que no la habían recibido. Se trataron las condiciones encontradas. Se informó a la comunidad sobre las enfermedades detectadas, las funciones de la piel y sus cuidados generales, enfatizando la importancia del diagnóstico temprano de la lepra. Conclusiones: La incidencia de lepra encontrada (16/10 000), es la más alta en Colombia, 123 veces mayor que la global del país. Su búsqueda activa demostró enfermedad paucibacilar, sin discapacidades y otras enfermedades cutáneas importantes. Es recomendable persistir con este examen clínico y con la investigación de los factores predisponentes para adquirir la enfermedad.
Objetive: Actively searching for leprosy, other skin diseases and BCG vaccination scars amongst school children from Agua de Dios, the municipality having the highest prevalence of leprosy in Colombia. Methods: A clinical examination of the children was carried out by nurses, interns, general practitioners and experts on leprosy. Skin smear tests and skin biopsies were performed when the clinical findings suggested leprosy. Anti-phenolic glycolipid antibodies in blood were determined in special cases. Results: 86 percent of the 2 844 school children were examined; 833 had skin diseases and 16 percent of these required evaluation by specialists. Four new cases of paucibacillary leprosy, two indeterminate and two primary polyneuritic cases were found. Pediculosis capitis, pityriasis alba, tinea versicolor, hypopigmented nevus, insect bites and miliaria were frequently detected. BCG vaccination scars were absent in 387 children; following several logistical problems, they were vaccinated. Four children had signs of childhood abuse. An 11-year-old girl presented hypopigmented mycosis fungoides. All diseases and conditions found were treated. The community received information regarding the results, emphasising the importance of an early diagnosis of leprosy. Conclusions: The incidence of leprosy found (16/10 000) was 123 times higher than the rest of the country's incidence. It is advisable to continue clinical examinations in Agua de Dios and research into risk factors for acquiring leprosy.