RESUMO

It is estimated that 45% of individuals with cognitive impairment experience sleep disturbances prior to the onset of cognitive symptoms. Assessing sleeping problems and enhancing sleep quality are critical first steps to reduce the risk of cognitive impairment. Objective: To review existing literature based on predefined eligibility criteria to understand the connection between sleep disturbance and Alzheimer's disease. Methods: A thorough and systematic evaluation of numerous studies was carried out to assess one or more of the following epidemiological factors: (1) sleep disorders, (2) cognitive impairment, and (3) risk estimates for cognitive impairment due to sleep. Results: Studies suggest that individuals who experience memory loss may encounter sleep disturbances before noticing other symptoms. Numerous sleep disorders, such as excessive and inadequate sleep duration, poor sleep quality, circadian rhythm abnormalities, insomnia, and obstructive sleep apnea were found to increase the risk of cognitive dysfunction and dementia. Additionally, lower sleep quality and shorter sleep duration have been linked to higher cerebral-ß-amyloid levels. Objective evidence for the development of cognitive impairment is provided by the architecture of sleep stages. Patients experiencing sleep problems may benefit from specific types of sleep medicine as a preventative measure against cognitive decline. Conclusion: Sleep disorders can have adverse effects on cognitive health. The duration and quality of sleep are fundamental factors for maintaining a healthy brain as we age. Proper sleep can aid prevent cognitive impairment, particularly Alzheimer's disease and dementia.

Acredita-se que 45% dos indivíduos com comprometimento cognitivo experimentem distúrbios do sono antes do início dos sintomas cognitivos. Avaliar problemas de sono e melhorar a qualidade do sono são passos críticos iniciais para reduzir o risco de comprometimento cognitivo. Objetivo: Revisar a literatura existente com base em critérios de elegibilidade predefinidos para entender a conexão entre distúrbios do sono e a Doença de Alzheimer. Métodos: Uma avaliação completa e sistemática de vários estudos foi realizada para avaliar um ou mais dos seguintes fatores epidemiológicos: (1) distúrbios do sono, (2) comprometimento cognitivo e (3) estimativas de risco de comprometimento cognitivo decorrente do sono. Resultados: Os estudos sugerem que indivíduos que experimentam perda de memória podem enfrentar distúrbios do sono antes de notarem outros sintomas. Foi constatado que vários distúrbios do sono, como duração excessiva e inadequada do sono, má qualidade do sono, anormalidades no ritmo circadiano, insônia e apneia obstrutiva do sono, podem aumentar o risco de disfunção cognitiva e demência. Além disso, menor qualidade do sono e duração mais curta do sono têm sido associadas a níveis mais altos de ß-amiloide cerebral. Evidências objetivas para o desenvolvimento de comprometimento cognitivo são fornecidas pela arquitetura dos estágios do sono. Pacientes que experimentam problemas de sono podem se beneficiar de tipos específicos de medicamentos para o sono como medida preventiva contra o declínio cognitivo. Conclusão: Os distúrbios do sono podem ter efeitos adversos na saúde cognitiva. A duração e a qualidade do sono são fatores fundamentais para manter um cérebro saudável à medida que envelhecemos. Um sono adequado pode ajudar a prevenir o comprometimento cognitivo, especialmente a Doença de Alzheimer e a demência.

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Resumen Se describe e ilustra a Nototriche chancoae, una nueva especie de los Andes de Lima, Perú. Esta especie se relaciona con N. glacialis, N. nigrescens y N. congesta por presentar láminas flabeliformes, hipófilo piloso, lado interno del cáliz piloso hacia el ápice de los lóbulos y corola con tubo presente; se distingue por tener vaginas más anchas y lado externo del cáliz con tubo glabro. Se incluyen la descripción, ilustración y fotografías de la especie nueva, así como también, una clave dicotómica de las especies de Nototriche más afines en morfología a N. chancoae.

Abstract Nototriche chancoae, a new species from the Andes of Lima, Peru, is described and illustrated. This species is related to N. glacialis, N. nigrescens and N. congesta in having flabellate laminae, hairy hypophyllum, inner side of the hairy calyx towards the apex of the lobes and corolla with tube present; It is distinguished by having wider vaginas and the outer side of the calyx with glabrous tube. The description, illustration and photographs of the new species are included, as well as a dichotomous key to the Nototriche species most similar in morphology to N. chancoae.

RESUMO

Documentation of plant taxa has long been subject to the temporal and spatial selectivity of professional research expeditions, especially in tropical regions. Therefore, rare and/or narrowly endemic species are sometimes known only from very few and very old herbarium specimens. However, these taxa are very important from a conservation perspective. The lack of observations of living plants and confirmation of the actual occurrence of taxa hinders the planning and implementation of effective conservation measures. Community science networks have recently made tremendous contributions to documenting biodiversity in many regions across the globe. The rediscovery of six species of Nasa (Loasaceae) from Peru and Ecuador primarily via the platform iNaturalist, is reported.

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The present study analyses the geographical distribution, conservation status, and nomenclature of Peruvian endemic Pedersenia weberbaueri. The species distribution was modelled using MaxEnt based on occurrence data and bioclimatic variables. The conservation status of the species was assessed against the categories and criteria of the IUCN Red List, and nomenclatural and typification issues were resolved. The potential distribution map of P. weberbaueri shows that the species is restricted to the seasonally dry tropical forests of the Marañón valley within a narrow latitudinal, longitudinal, and elevational range. Consequently, we propose to categorise the species as Endangered (EN) and provide the necessary information for its inclusion in the IUCN Red List. Finally, we resolve nomenclatural issues and designate a lectotype. The results contribute to the biological knowledge of P. weberbaueri and support subsequent conservation management plans.

El presente estudio analiza la distribución geográfica, el estado de conservación y la nomenclatura de la endémica peruana Pedersenia weberbaueri. La distribución de especies se modeló usando MaxEnt con base en datos de ocurrencia y variables bioclimáticas. Se evaluó el estado de conservación de la especie frente a las categorías y criterios de la Lista Roja de la UICN y se resolvieron cuestiones de nomenclatura y tipificación. El mapa de distribución potencial de P. weberbaueri muestra que la especie está restringida a los bosques tropicales estacionalmente secos del valle del Marañón dentro de un estrecho rango latitudinal, longitudinal y altitudinal. En consecuencia, proponemos categorizar a la especie como En Peligro (EN) y brindar la información necesaria para su inclusión en la Lista Roja de la UICN. Finalmente, resolvemos cuestiones de nomenclatura y designamos un lectotipo. Los resultados contribuyen al conocimiento biológico de P. weberbaueri y respaldan los planes de manejo de conservación posteriores.

RESUMO

The objective of this research was to compare the solvent action of orange oil, eucalyptol and experimental lemongrass oil on gutta-percha cones for cold technique and thermoplastic technique. Methodology: The sample consisted of 80 gutta-percha cones No. 80 Endomedic and F3 ProTaper Universal. The cones were divided into 4 groups (n = 20) according to the type of solvent, and each one was divided into two subgroups (n = 10) according to the exposure time (5 min and 10 min). The cones were immersed in the respective solvent for 5 or 10 minutes. Then, they were washed with 5 ml of alcohol for 5 minutes and rinsed with water. Finally, after drying at room temperature for one hour, the solvent action was recorded in grams (g) of weight loss. The results were analyzed and compared using Tukey's test (p<0.05). Results: The Endomedic cone exposed for 5 min to eucalyptol obtained the lowest average weight (0.0625 ± 0.0009 g), followed by Lemongrass oil (0.0629 ± 0.0003 g) and orange oil (0.0629 ± 0.0010 g), although not a significant difference (p > 0.05) was found between each one. Conclusion: The experimental solvent of Lemongrass, eucalyptol and orange oil presented a similar solvent effect on the guta-percha cone for cold and thermoplastic technique. At a clinical level, the three solvents studied could be used in endodontic retreatment as alternative solutions with a similar solvent effect.

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La Clasificación Internacional del Funcionamiento, de la Discapacidad y de la Salud (CIF), permite organizar la información mediante un lenguaje trans-disciplinario. Al respecto, es fundamental complementarlo con una epistemología propia para generar prácticas clínicas eficientes. La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC), se ha convertido en una condicionante negativa de función, movimiento y salud en la población. Proponemos un modelo de razonamiento en kinesiología/fisioterapia para disfunciones del movimiento humano aplicado a una fase crónica ventilatoria irreversible. Paciente de 74 años con EPOC. Plantea como necesidad, la "mínima asistencia para realizar su aseo personal", lo que se estableció como contexto funcional crítico (CFC). Se entrenó progresivamente, según velocidad, por 36 sesiones, de 30 minutos. La espirometría no presentó cambios. Mejoró la capacidad de trabajo físico, calidad de vida y el CFC se hizo independiente. La intervención derivada del diagnóstico mediante estrategias de problematización permitió una mejora clínica eficiente de los indicadores evaluados.

The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (CIF), make it possible to organize information through a trans-disciplinary language. In this regard, it is essential to complement it with an own epistemology to generate efficient clinical practices. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has become a negative condition of function, movement and health in the population. We propose a model of reasoning in kinesiology/ physiotherapy for dysfunctions of human movement applied to an irreversible chronic ventilatory phase. Patient of 74 years old patient with COPD. As a necessity, it poses the "minimum assistance to perform personal hygiene", which was established as a critical functional context (CFC). He trained progressively, according to speed, for 36 sessions of 30 min. The spirometry did not change. The capacity for physical work, quality of life improved, and the CFC became independent. The intervention derived from the diagnosis by problematizing strategies allowed an efficient clinical improvement of the evaluated indicators.

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Studies of floristic composition and plant species richness in tropical mountains support their recognition as areas of high biological diversity, and therefore of their importance for plant conservation. Here, we present data on the flora of the high Andes of eight sites centered in the Carabaya mountains, and also provide a floristic comparison with nine other floras within Peru and northern Bolivia. The study area includes 506 species of vascular plants, grouped in 203 genera and 66 families. The highest species richness was found in two families: Asteraceae and Poaceae, which collectively encompass 37% of all species. Other important families were Caryophyllaceae, Fabaceae, Malvaceae, Brassicaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Gentianaceae, Plantaginaceae and Cyperaceae. The most diverse genera wereSenecio, Calamagrostis, Poa and Nototriche. Perennial herbs were the dominant growth form. The vascular flora of the Carabaya Mountains is closely related to those of other regions of southern Peru. Also, more than half of all vascular plants registered for the Carabaya Mountain occur in the Andean region of Bolivia, which shows the undoubted geophysical and phytogeographical connection of the Carabaya and the Bolivian Apolobamba Mountains. This study also shows that there is still a need for more extensive plant collecting and future exploration, since the Carabaya, as other parts of Peru’s high Andes are subject of dramatic change that may threaten these plant populations.

Los estudios sobre la composición florística y riqueza de especies en montañas tropicales apoyan su reconocimiento como áreas de alta diversidad biológica, y, por tanto, de su importancia para la conservación. En este trabajo presentamos datos sobre la flora altoandina de ocho sitios localizados en la Cordillera de Carabaya, proveemos también una comparación florística con otros nueve lugares tanto en Perú como en el norte de Bolivia. El área de estudio incluye 506 especies de plantas vasculares, reconocidas en 203 géneros y 66 familias. Las tasas más altas de riqueza de especies se hallan en dos familias: Asteraceae y Poaceae, que colectivamente abarcan el 37% de todas las especies. Otras familias importantes fueron Caryophyllaceae, Fabaceae, Malvaceae, Brassicaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Gentianaceae, Plantaginaceae y Cyperaceae. Los géneros más diversos fueron Senecio, Calamagrostis, Poa y Nototriche. La forma de crecimiento predominante fueron las hierbas perennes. La flora vascular de la Cordillera Carabaya está muy relacionada con otras regiones del sur de Perú. Además, más de la mitad de todas las plantas vasculares registradas para la Cordillera Carabaya se encuentran en la región andina de Bolivia, lo que demuestra la indudable conexión geofísica y fitogeográfica entre las cordilleras Carabaya y Apolobamba de Bolivia. Este estudio también demuestra la necesidad de una extensa colección botánica y futura exploración, desde que Carabaya, como otras partes de los altos Andes del Perú, están sujetos a cambios dramáticos que amenazan las poblaciones de esas plantas.

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Se presentan los resultados del estudio de la flora y vegetación de suelos crioturbados y hábitats asociados realizados en la zona del Abra Apacheta, en las provincias de Cangallo (Ayacucho) y Huaytará (Huancavelica). Los objetivos fueron: estudiar la composición de la flora vascular de los altos Andes (por encima de los 4500 m de altitud) y caracterizar la vegetación altoandina. Se aplicaron técnicas convencionales de colecta botánica, así como evaluaciones de la cobertura vegetal mediante transectos. Se registraron 134 especies de plantas vasculares agrupadas en 60 géneros y 23 familias. Las eudicotiledóneas son el grupo dominante con el 74% del total de familias reportadas, 82% en géneros y 77% en especies; seguido por las monocotiledóneas (13% de las familias, 13% de los géneros y 21% de las especies). Los monilófitos (helechos) están representados por dos familias (9%), dos géneros (3%) y dos especies (1%); mientras que para las gimnospermas se registra una sola especie (Ephedra rupestris Benth.). Tres tipos de comunidades en suelos crioturbados fueron caracterizadas y es reportada la presencia de dos tipos de vegetación asociada: pajonales y vegetación de roquedales.

We present results of flora and vegetation studies carried out in cryoturbated soils and its associated habitats around Abra Apacheta, in Cangallo (Ayacucho) and Huaytara (Huancavelica) Provinces. The aims of this study were: to study vascular floristic composition of High Andes (over 4500 m of altitude) and characterize highland vegetation. There were used conventional techniques for botanical collection and vegetation coverage measurements by intersection-line transects and Point Quadrat modifyed method. There were registered 134 species of vascular plants (Pteridophytes, Gymnospems, Eudicots and Monocots) grouped in 60 genera and 23 families. Eudicots were the dominant group with 74% of the total registered, 82% in genera and 77% in species; followed by Monocots with 13%, 13% and 21% in the previous categories. Monilophytes (ferns) were poorly represented by two families (9%), two genera (3%) and two species (1%); while Gymnosperms only registered one specie (Ephedra rupestris Benth.). By the quantitative analysis three types of plant communities associated to cryoturbated soils were characterized, we also report two types of associated vegetation: grasslands and rocky areas.

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Reportamos por primera vez la presencia de Deschampsia danthonioides (Trin.) Munro (Poaceae, Pooideae) en los pajonales altoandinos del departamento de Lima. Igualmente el hallazgo constituye el primer registro del género Deschampsia para el Perú.

We report for the first time the presence of Deschampsia danthonioides (Trin.) Munro (Poaceae, Pooiideae) in the grasslands of the Lima department. Also this finding represents the first record of the genus Deschampsiafor Peru.

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Se reportan para el distrito de Arahuay (Canta, Lima, Perú) (zona baja y media) un total de 49 especies de la familia Poaceae agrupadas en 28 géneros, 14 tribus y 4 subfamilias. El género Poa es el más diverso con cinco especies, seguido por Eragrostis y Nassella con cuatro especies cada una. Las especies Calamagrostis spiciformis Hack. ex Stuck., Chloris halophila Parodi, Lamprothyrsus peruvianus Hitchc., Festuca glycerianthaPilg., Lolium multiflorum Lam. y Poa supina Schrad. son nuevos reportes para el departamento de Lima. Se presentan claves dicotómicas para la determinación de los géneros y para las especies en los casos pertinentes. Para cada especie se incluye datos sobre su hábitat, distribución y el material estudiado.

We report for the low and half elevations of the Arahuay district (Canta, Lima, Perú), a total of 49 species of the family Poaceae, grouped in 28 genera, 14 tribes and four subfamilies. Poa is the most diverse genus with five species, followed by Eragrostis and Nassella with four species each one. The species Calamagrostis spiciformis, Chloris halophila, Lamprothyrsus peruvianus, Festuca glyceriantha, Lolium multiflorum and Poa supina are new reports for the department of Lima. We provide dichotomic keys for genera and species determination. Additional information about habitat, distribution and the studied material is provided for each species.

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Objetivo: Valorar las medidas antropométricas Indice de Masa Corportal (IMC), Circunferencia Abdominal (CA) e Indice Cintura - cadena (ICC) como factores predictivos para Prehipertensión Arteial (PREHTA) e Hipertensión Arterial (HTA). Método: Estudio transversal analítico, se evaluó en forma aleatoria al 60 por ciento de los trabajadores administrativos de la Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú (UNCP) compuesta por 173 individuos la distribución por sexo de 94 varones y 79 mujeres, la edad promedio fue 46,39 (+/- 12.086) años. Se emplearon los criterios del Séptimo Informe del Comité Conjunto de Americano en Prevención, Detección, Evaluación y Tratamiento de la Hipertensión Arterial y de la OMS para determinar HTA y medida antropométricas respectivamente. Resultados: Se determinó que el IMC > 25kg/m no es un factor de riesgo significativo para HTA (p=0,417) pero si para PREHTA (p=0,020) en la población general. El ICC y la CA son significativos para predecir riesgo de PREHTA en varones; mientras que en mujeres solo es significativo el ICC. Se observo que el mejor predictor para el PREHTA en varones, CA> 98 cm. (p=0,004) y mujeres CA>90cm (p=0,043).

Objective: To evaluate anthropometric measurements Corportal Mass Index (BMI), abdominal circumference (AC) and waist - string (ICC) as predictors for Prehypertension Arteial (PREHTA) and hypertension (HTA). Method: cross-sectional study was evaluated in a random 60 per cent of administrative workers of the Universidad Nacional del Centro del Peru (UNCP) comprising 173 individuals the gender distribution of 94 men and 79 women, average age was 46, 39 (+ / - 12,086) years. Criteria were used Seventh Report of the American Joint Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure and WHO to determine hypertension and anthropometric measure respectively. Results: We found that BMI> 25kg / m not a significant risk factor for hypertension (p = 0.417) but for PREHTA (p = 0.020) in the general population. The ICC and CA are significant in predicting risk of PREHTA in men, while single women is significant in the ICC. It was observed that the best predictor for males PREHTA, CA> 98 cm. (p = 0.004) and CA women> 90cm (p = 0.043).

Assuntos