RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with insulin resistance (IR) in a young Hispanic population. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed in Bogotá, Colombia, during 2006 in 263 males from the Colombian Air Force (age range 29-54 years). Anthropometric measurements and biochemical determinations (glycemia, lipid profile, insulin, and HOMA-IR) were obtained in order to determine the presence of metabolic syndrome (MS) criteria and insulin resistance in this population. In addition, ultrasound studies were performed to evaluate the presence of NAFLD. RESULTS: NAFLD was detected in 26.6% (n=70) of the subjects. Thirty four individuals had complete MS criteria (48.5%). The presence of NAFLD was associated with higher insulin levels (11.0±5.1 vs. 6.6±3.6, p=0.001), and its prevalence increased from 11% (n=8), to 24% (n=17) to 64% (n=45) from the lowest to the highest HOMA-IR tertile. Body mass index, triglycerides and subcutaneous and visceral fat were found to be independent predictors of NAFLD. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that NAFLD is associated with insulin resistance and extrahepatic adiposity in nondiabetic young Hispanic population.
Assuntos
Hispânico ou Latino/estatística & dados numéricos , Resistência à Insulina/etnologia , Síndrome Metabólica/epidemiologia , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Antropometria , Índice de Massa Corporal , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Comorbidade , Estudos Transversais , Fígado Gorduroso/diagnóstico , Fígado Gorduroso/epidemiologia , Humanos , Testes de Função Hepática , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólica/diagnóstico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica , Prevalência , Valores de Referência , Medição de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
Objetivo: Determinar la asociación existente entre las manifestaciones ateroescleróticas carotídeas y la osteoporosis, en pacientes con enfermedad cerebrovascular oclusiva (ECVO). Método: Estudiamos 115 pacientes con diagnóstico clínico tomográfico de ECVO desde junio 2007 a junio 2009, a los que se les realizó ultrasonido Doppler color carotídeo y densitometría de columna lumbosacra y caderas. Resultados: No hallamos correlación entre el valor de la densidad mineral ósea (DMO) y la magnitud del daño aterosclerótico carotídeo; encontramos correlación moderada positiva entre el índice de masa corporal y la DMO. La mayoría de los factores de riesgo se asociaron con incremento del grosor íntima media, índice aterogénico aumentado y baja prevalencia de estenosis significativa, así como osteopenia densito-métrica, siendo el envejecimiento y la hipertensión los factores predominantes. Conclusiones: La osteoporosis y las manifestaciones ateroescleróticas carotídeas en la ECVO no guardan relación, más allá de la presencia de factores de riesgo en común.
Objective: To determine the association between carotid atherosclerotic manifestations and osteoporosis in patients with occlusive cerebrovascular disease (OCVD). Method: From June 2007 to June 2009 115 patients with clinical tomographic diagnosis of ECVO, who underwent carotid artery-Color Doppler Ultrasound exams as well as lumbar spine and hip bone densitometry, were studied. Results: No correlation between the value of bone mineral density (BMD) and the magnitude of carotid atherosclerotic damage was observed. There was a moderate positive correlation between Body Mass Index (BMI) and BMD. Most risk factors were associated with increased intima media thickness, increased atherogenic index, low rates of significant stenosis, and densitometric osteopenia, with aging and hypertension as predominant factors. Conclusions: Despite the presence of shared risk factors, no correlation between osteoporosis and atherosclerotic manifestations in the carotid artery in OCVD was observed.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Doenças das Artérias Carótidas , Osteoporose , Transtornos Cerebrovasculares , Ultrassonografia Doppler em Cores , Artérias Carótidas/patologia , Artérias Carótidas , Densidade Óssea , Doenças das Artérias Carótidas/complicações , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Transversais , Fatores de Risco , Osteoporose/complicações , Transtornos Cerebrovasculares/complicações , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
Objective: To determine the usefulness of Endorectal Ultrasound (ERUS) without balloon in preo-perative staging of malignant rectal tumors. Method: From July 2003 to July 2007 a study was performed in 57 patients diagnosed with cancer of the rectum, who underwent preoperative staging by transrectal ultrasonography to be subsequently compared with an anatomopathologic analysis of the surgical sample. Results: US staging according to degrees of invasion (T-stage) was coincident in 87,7 percent with the anatomopathologic staging. Sensitivity and specificity values were 0,80 and 0,92 percent respectively for UT2,while 0,94 and 0,81 percent, respectively, for UT3. According to regional lymph nodes spread (N-stage), it exhibited a coincidence of 78,9 percent; sensitivity was 0,82 percent and specificity was 0,74 per cent for UNO; while sensitivity and specificity reached values of 0,74 and 0,82 percent, respectively, for UN1. Conclusion: Endorectal US without balloon has proved to be useful in the preoperative staging of malignant rectal tumors.
Objetivos: Determinar la utilidad del ultrasonido transrectal sin balón (USTRsb) en la estadificación preoperatoria del cáncer rectal. Método: Estudiamos 57 pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer rectal desde julio 2003 a Julio 2007, a los que se les realizó estadificación preoperatoria por ultrasonido transrectal y anatomopatológico por medio del examen de la pieza quirúrgica. Resultados: La estadificación ultrasonográfica según grado de invasión tumoral coincidió con la anatomopatológica en el 87,7 por ciento ; la sensibilidad y especificidad fue 0,80 y 0,92 para los UT2 y 0,94 y 0,81 para los UT3. Según la invasión de ganglios linfáticos regionales, la coincidencia fue 78,9 por ciento ; la sensibilidad y especificidad fue 0,82 y 0,74 para los UNO y 0,74 y 0,82para los UN1. Conclusión: El USTRsb fue útil en la estadificación preoperatoria del cáncer rectal.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Endossonografia/métodos , Estadiamento de Neoplasias/métodos , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Neoplasias Colorretais , Metástase Linfática , Invasividade Neoplásica , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios , Estudos Prospectivos , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
Puya raimondii Harms is an outstanding giant rosette bromeliad found solely around 4000 m above sea level in the Andes. It flowers at the end of an 80 - 100-year or even longer life cycle and yields an enormous (4 - 6 m tall) spike composed of from 15,000 to 20,000 flowers. It is endemic and currently endangered, with populations distributed from Peru to the north of Bolivia. A genomic DNA marker-based analysis of the genetic structure of eight populations representative of the whole distribution of P. raimondii in Peru is reported in this paper. As few as 14 genotypes out of 160 plants were detected. Only 5 and 18 of the 217 AFLP marker loci screened were polymorphic within and among these populations, respectively. Four populations were completely monomorphic, each of the others displayed only one to three polymorphic loci. Less than 4 % of the total genomic variation was within populations and genetic similarity among populations was as high as 98.3 %. Results for seven cpSSR marker loci were in agreement with the existence of a single progenitor. Flow cytometry of seed nuclear DNA content and RAPD marker segregation analysis of progeny plantlets demonstrated that the extremely uniform genome of P. raimondii populations is not compatible with agamospermy (apomixis), but consistent with an inbreeding reproductive strategy. There is an urgent need for a protection programme to save not only this precious, isolated species, but also the unique ecosystem depending on it.
Assuntos
Bromeliaceae/fisiologia , Cromossomos de Plantas/genética , Variação Genética/fisiologia , Bromeliaceae/classificação , Bromeliaceae/genética , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , DNA de Plantas/genética , DNA de Plantas/isolamento & purificação , Meio Ambiente , Citometria de Fluxo , Geografia , Endogamia , Peru , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Polimorfismo Genético , Reprodução/fisiologiaRESUMO
The present study was performed to estimate the prevalence of HBV in pregnant women (mean age among groups 25,0 6,9) who live in areas of different endemicity, and located in the Departments of Lima, Junin, Apurimac, and Ayacucho in Peru. All studies were carried out using radioimmunological techniques. In the Instituto Materno Perinatal in Lima, located in a low endemical area, 2086 pregnant women whose ages ranged between 14 and 44 years were evaluated (for laboratory tests) at their first prenatal examination. A prevalence of 9,38% (HbsAG+), 0,38% (Ratio), and 3,18% (HBsAg+, anti-HBsAg+) was found, corresponding to 107 HBsAg+ pregnant women whose treated newborn wouId prevent the HBV chronic infection of approximate 21 newborn each year. 63% HBsAg+ pregnant women were born in Departments other than Lima. In the Hospital de Apoyo La Merced, located in Chanchamayo, Junin, which is a medium endemic area, 217 pregnant women whose ages ranged between 14 and 48 years were evaluated. The prevalence found in this Hospital was of 1,38% (HBsAg+), 1,2% (Ratio), and 17,8% (HBsAg+, anti-HBs+). All positive HBsAg were negative for HBeAg. The projection of results corresponded to a total of 9 HbsAg+ pregnant women and 2 newborn preventive of chronic disease per year. In the Guillermo D az de la Vega Hospital in Abancay, Apurimac, located in a medium to high endemic area, 221 pregnant women whose ages ranged between 15 and 46 years were evaluated. A prevalence of 1,36% (HBsAg+), 1,0% (Ratio), and 36,16% (HBsAg+, anti-HBs+) was found. All positive HBsAg were negative for HBeAg. Projected results corresponded to a total of 37 HBsAg+ pregnant carriers and 7 newborn preventive of chronic disease per year. The Hospital General de Huanta, in Ayacucho, located in a high endemicity area, presented a prevalence of 3,2% (HBsAg+), 1,9% (Ratio), and 76,2% (HBsAg+, anti-HBs+) from 126 pregnant women evaluated with ages between 15 and 48 years old. These results gave a total projection per year of 39 HBsAg+ pregnant women and 8 newborn preventive of chronic hepatic disease. Among a total of 4 positive HBsAg cases, 3 positive pregnant women were studied for HBeAg. All 3 were negative. These results establish the prevalence of HbsAg and antiHBs in pregnant women from different endemical areas with significant prevalence in the Departments of Ayacucho (Huanta), and Apurimac (Abancay). They also contribute towards the costbenefit analysis for the prevention of HBV chronic infection.
RESUMO
Desde febrero de 1996 a febrero de 1997 se evaluaron, mediante estudio prospectivo, diferentes grupos muestrales de gestantes aparentemente sanas (edad promedio entre grupo 25 ñ 6,9 años) atendidas en instituciones hospitalarias ubicadas en los Departamentos de Lima, Junín, Apurímac y Ayacucho en el Perú, con la finalidad de estimar la prevalencia de Hepatitis viral B en la población de gestantes residentes en dichas áreas. Todos los estudios fueron realizados mediante procedimientos radioinmunológicos en fase sólida. En el Instituto Materno Perinatal, ubicado en Lima en un área de baja endemicidad; fueron evaluadas 2086 gestantes, con edades mínimas y máxima entre 14 y 44 años, en su primera atención por consulta externa para las pruebas requeridas de laboratorio. Se encontró una prevalencia del 0.38 por ciento (HBsAG+) y 3.18 por ciento (HBsAg+, anti-HBs+), correspondiendo este hallazgo a un total anual proyectado de 107 gestantes HBsAg positivas cuyos recién nacidos tratados podrían prevenir la infección crónica de HVB de aproximadamente 21 casos cada año. De los casos HBsAg positivos encontrados, el 63 por ciento de gestantes no había nacido en Lima. En el Hospital de Apoyo La Merced en Chanchamayo, área de endemicidad intermedia; fueron evaluadas un total de 217 gestantes, con edades entre 14 y 48 años. La prevalencia encontrada en el Hospital fue de 1,38 por ciento (HBsAg+) y 17,8 por ciento (HBsAg+, anti-HBs+). Las gestantes positivas para HBsAg no fueron positivas para HBeAg. Con estos resultados se estimó un total anual de 9 gestantes HBsAg positivas y 2 RN prevenibles de enfermedad crónica. En el Hospital Guillermo Diaz de la Vega en Abancay, en área de endemicidad intermedia a alta; se evaluaron 221 gestantes, con edades entre 15 y 46 años, encontrándose una prevalencia de 1.36 por ciento (HBsAg+) y 36.16 por ciento (HBsAg+, anti-HBs+). Las gestantes positivas para HBsAg no fueron positivas para HBeAg. Se estimó como proyección un total anual de 37 gestantes HBsAg+ y 7 RN prevenibles de infección crónica. El Hospital General de Huanta, en área de alta endemicidad; presentó una prevalencia de 3.2 por ciento (HBsAg+) y 76.2 por ciento (HBsAg+, anti-HBs+), a partir de 126 gestantes evaluadas con edades entre 15 y 48 años. De las cuatro gestantes positivas para HBsAg, se evaluaron tres que resultaron negativas para HBeAg. Se proyectó un total de 39 gestantes HBsAg+ y 8 RN prevenibles de enfermedad hepática crónica...