RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Adiponectin and resistin levels are increased in patients with cirrhosis, but it prognostic significance is unknown. We sought to investigate the factors associated with adiponectin and resistin levels and its clinical significance in patients with cirrhosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study that included 122 subjects with cirrhosis who attended an outpatient clinic and were initially evaluated in 2012. Serum adiponectin and resistin levels were measured in samples collected in 2012 (adiponectin and resistin) and 2014 (adiponectin). Thirty healthy subjects served as a control group. RESULTS: Higher adiponectin (21.59 µ g/mL vs. 12.52 µg/mL, P < 0.001) and resistin levels (3.83 ng/mL vs. 2.66 ng/mL, P < 0.001) were observed among patients with cirrhosis compared to controls. Patients classified as Child-Pugh B/C had higher adiponectin levels in relation to Child-Pugh A patients. At second measurement, adiponectin levels increased significantly in non-transplant patients and decreased in liver transplant recipients. Univariate Cox analysis showed that among patients with alcoholic liver disease, adiponectin levels were associated with lower transplant-free survival (HR = 1.034, 95% CI 1.006 - 1.062, P = 0.016). The transplant-free survival was significantly lower among patients with alcoholic liver disease and adiponectin ≥ 17 µg/mL (26.55 months, 95% CI 21.40-31.70) as compared to those with levels < 17 µg/mL (33.76 months, 95% CI 30.70-36.82) (P = 0.045). No relationship was found between the levels of resistin and survival. CONCLUSION: Adiponectin but not resistin levels were associated with intensity of liver dysfunction and worse prognosis in patients with alcoholic liver disease, suggesting a potential as a prognostic biomarker.
Assuntos
Adiponectina/sangue , Cirrose Hepática/sangue , Resistina/sangue , Adulto , Idoso , Biomarcadores/sangue , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Nível de Saúde , Humanos , Cirrose Hepática/diagnóstico , Cirrose Hepática/cirurgia , Cirrose Hepática Alcoólica/sangue , Cirrose Hepática Alcoólica/diagnóstico , Cirrose Hepática Alcoólica/cirurgia , Transplante de Fígado , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Intervalo Livre de Progressão , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Tempo , Regulação para CimaRESUMO
Background: To evaluate the association between sociodemographic conditions and the quality of life (QoL) in adults and investigate whether these inequalities are greater among individuals with long-lasting chronic health conditions. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of the second wave (2012) of the EpiFloripa Study, a population-based cohort of 1720 adults living in Southern Brazil. QoL domains (physical, psychological, social relationships and environmental) were evaluated using the WHOQoL-BREF. Unadjusted and adjusted means of QoL according to socioeconomic and demographic variables were estimated and stratified by the presence of long-lasting chronic conditions (heart disease, stroke, diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, cirrhosis, tendinitis, arthritis, rheumatism and/or fibromyalgia) were peformed in 2016. Results: Among 1222 interviewed adults (56.6% females, mean age 41.7 ± 11.4 years; follow-up rate 71.1%), the prevalence of 1+ long-lasting chronic disease was 37.3% (95%CI: 34.4-40.3). Their effect on the QoL was four times higher on the physical component (-9.6; 95%CI -12.1; -7.1) than on the other domains. Adults aged 40+ years with black skin colour or lower educational level had a lower physical QoL score only when any chronic disease was present. Among those with some chronic illness, the psychological domain was also lower among those aged 40+ years and with a lower family income. No interaction between sociodemographic variables and chronic diseases was observed for the other QoL domains. Conclusions: The occurrence of long-lasting chronic diseases is associated with inequalities in QoL (physical and psychological domains), with stronger adverse effects among older adults, blacks and individuals with lower income or educational levels.
Assuntos
Doença Crônica/epidemiologia , Doença Crônica/psicologia , Escolaridade , Renda/estatística & dados numéricos , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Classe Social , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Currently, diabetes mellitus (DM) and systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) are among the top five global risks for mortality. Among the modifiable factors, careful dietary practice is one of the essential elements for the control of NCDs, since these diseases are often the result of unhealthy lifestyles. Thus, this study aimed to assess the frequency of dietary practices among adult males and females with DM and/or SAH, and compare whether or not they are more frequent than in healthy adults, through a population-based study conducted in the city of Florianópolis, southern Brazil. METHODS: Cross-sectional population-based study, using as exposure self-reported DM and/or SAH status. Dietary practices were assessed using a semiquantitative food consumption questionnaire. The following were considered as adequate: regular intake (≥ 6 times/week) of fruit and vegetables, daily intake of fruit (≥ 3 times/day) and vegetables (≥ 2 times/day), intake lower than 2 times/week of meat fat, fried foods, and soda. Bivariate and adjusted analysis for sociodemographic variables were conducted using Poisson regression, stratified by gender. LOCATION: Florianópolis, southern Brazil, 2009. SUBJECTS: Representative sample of 20 to 59 year-old adults (n=1720). RESULTS: A total of 16.6% participants were diagnosed with DM and/or SAH. The most frequently consumed unhealthy foods were fried food (51.0%, 95% CI: 48.8-53.5) and soda (57.9% 95%CI: 55.5-60.2). Of healthy foods, fruit was the less consumed on a daily basis (11.1% 95%CI 9.6-12.5). In general, women showed better dietary practices than men. In adjusted analysis none of dietary practices was more frequent among diabetic and/or hypertensive adults compared with healthy individuals, regardless of gender. No differences were found between healthy and unhealthy adults, when the number of dietary practices was assessed. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of dietary practices was low and did not differ between individuals with or without DM and/or SAH. It is fundamental to reinforce the need of healthy dietary practices as one of the essential elements for the control of chronic diseases and their complications.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Dieta/métodos , Comportamento Alimentar , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Frutas , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Masculino , Carne , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Distribuição por Sexo , Inquéritos e Questionários , Verduras , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of a nutrition education intervention on nutritional factors and oxidative stress during treatment of breast cancer. DESIGN: Nonrandomized clinical trial conducted in 2010-2011, including an evaluation at baseline and after 12 months. PARTICIPANTS: Women from Brazil who had breast cancer, divided into an intervention group (IG) (n = 18) and comparison group (n = 75). INTERVENTION: To increase intake of fruits and vegetables and reduce red and processed meats, via telephone and printed materials. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Food intake, anthropometry, and levels of lipid hydroperoxide, carbonyl proteins, reduced glutathione, and ferric reducing antioxidant power. ANALYSES: Chi-square, Mann-Whitney or t tests for baseline data; Wilcoxon or paired t tests for intra-group outcomes, linear regression models, and Bonferroni multiplicity adjustment. RESULTS: The researchers observed an increase in fruit and vegetable intake, reduction in red and processed meat intake, no change in body weight, and an increase in glutathione in the IG over the comparison group. However, after Bonferroni adjustment, only the consumption of fruits and vegetables and fruit was significantly higher in IG. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: This study presents improved dietary changes after a theory-driven nutrition education intervention. Although the sample size is small, it has proven to be clinically relevant.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/dietoterapia , Frutas , Política Nutricional , Ciências da Nutrição/educação , Estresse Oxidativo , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto , Verduras , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangue , Brasil , Neoplasias da Mama/sangue , Neoplasias da Mama/terapia , Terapia Combinada , Feminino , Frutas/química , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cooperação do Paciente , Verduras/químicaRESUMO
Early childhood nutritional factors can play a crucial role in the development of body composition in later phases of life. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify studies on the association between early nutritional determinants and fat-free mass in adulthood. The PubMed and Virtual Health Library electronic databases were used. Nine articles were included after a peer review of the 576 references initially found, published from 2003 to 2009, with healthy subjects and longitudinal analysis. Birth weight and birth length and variations across childhood were strong predictors of fat-free mass at later ages. The studies showed that higher birth weight and greater weight gain in early childhood were associated with greater fat-free mass in adulthood. However, the available data are limited and inconclusive in relation to eating in early childhood as a predictor of fat-free mass at later ages.
Assuntos
Distribuição da Gordura Corporal , Adulto , Peso ao Nascer , Imagem Corporal , Índice de Massa Corporal , Peso Corporal , Aleitamento Materno , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Estudos Longitudinais , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Early childhood nutritional factors can play a crucial role in the development of body composition in later phases of life. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify studies on the association between early nutritional determinants and fat-free mass in adulthood. The PubMed and Virtual Health Library electronic databases were used. Nine articles were included after a peer review of the 576 references initially found, published from 2003 to 2009, with healthy subjects and longitudinal analysis. Birth weight and birth length and variations across childhood were strong predictors of fat-free mass at later ages. The studies showed that higher birth weight and greater weight gain in early childhood were associated with greater fat-free mass in adulthood. However, the available data are limited and inconclusive in relation to eating in early childhood as a predictor of fat-free mass at later ages.
Aspectos nutricionais relativos aos primeiros anos de vida podem desempenhar um papel fundamental sobre o desenvolvimento da composição corporal em outras fases da vida. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura, identificando estudos que avaliaram a associação entre determinantes nutricionais precoces e a massa livre de gordura no início da vida adulta. Foram utilizadas as bases de dados eletrônicas PubMed e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. Nove estudos foram incluídos, após revisão por pares das 576 referências encontradas, publicados entre os anos de 2003 e 2009, conduzidos com indivíduos saudáveis e com análise longitudinal. As variáveis peso e altura ao nascer, assim como suas variações ao longo da infância, são fortes preditores da massa livre de gordura em idades posteriores. Os estudos mostram que quanto maior o peso ao nascer e o ganho de peso nos primeiros anos de vida, maior será a massa livre de gordura na vida adulta. Porém, os dados disponíveis são poucos e inconclusivos com relação à alimentação nos primeiros anos de vida como preditor da massa livre de gordura em idades posteriores.
Aspectos nutricionales en relación con los primeros años de vida pueden desempeñar un papel fundamental sobre el desarrollo de la composición corporal en otras fases de la vida. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura, identificando estudios que evaluaron la asociación entre determinantes nutricionales precoces y la masa libre de grasa en el inicio de la vida adulta. Se utilizaron las bases de datos electrónicas PubMed y Biblioteca Virtual en Salud. Se incluyeron nueve estudios, tras la revisión por pares de las 576 referencias encontradas, publicados entre los años 2003 a 2009, llevados a cabo con individuos saludables y con un análisis longitudinal. Las variables peso y altura al nacer, así como sus variaciones a lo largo de la infancia, son fuertes predictores de la masa libre de grasa en edades posteriores. Los estudios muestran que cuanto mayor es el peso al nacer y se gana peso durante los primeros años de vida, mayor será la masa libre de grasa en la vida adulta. Sin embargo, los datos disponibles son pocos e inconclusos en relación con la alimentación en los primeros años de vida como predictor de la masa libre de grasa en edades posteriores.
Assuntos
Adulto , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Adulto Jovem , Distribuição da Gordura Corporal , Peso ao Nascer , Imagem Corporal , Índice de Massa Corporal , Peso Corporal , Aleitamento Materno , Estudos LongitudinaisRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between bed-sharing with the mother at 3 months of age and incidence of hospitalisation due to pneumonia and diarrhoea between 3 and 12 months. METHODS: The 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort included all live births to mothers living in Pelotas, Brazil, in 2004. Information on bed-sharing was obtained at the 3-month follow-up visit, and on hospitalisations at the 12-month visit, both based on mothers' reports. Only singleton infants with complete information on hospitalisation were analysed. RESULTS: 3906 infants were included. The bed-sharing prevalence at 3 months was 46.4% (95% CI 44.9 to 48.0%). The incidence of pneumonia admissions between 3 and 12 months was 3.6% (95% CI 3.3 to 4.2%) and diarrhoea, 0.9% (95% CI 0.6 to 1.2%). In crude analyses, bed-sharing with the mother was associated with higher incidence of hospitalisation due to both pneumonia and diarrhoea. There was interaction between bed-sharing and duration of breastfeeding regarding the chance of admission due to pneumonia. Among infants breastfed for 3 months or less, the chance of hospitalisation due to pneumonia among bed-sharers was almost twice as high as among non-bed-sharers (adjusted OR 1.96; 95% CI 1.08 to 3.55). There was no association between bed-sharing and hospitalisation due to pneumonia among infants breastfed for longer than 3 months in crude or adjusted analyses. The association between bed-sharing and admissions due to diarrhoea lost statistical significance after allowing for confounders. CONCLUSIONS: The effect of bed-sharing in infancy on the risk of hospitalisation due to pneumonia depends on breastfeeding, such that weaned children present higher risk.
Assuntos
Roupas de Cama, Mesa e Banho , Aglomeração , Diarreia/epidemiologia , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Pneumonia/epidemiologia , Adulto , Coeficiente de Natalidade , Brasil/epidemiologia , Aleitamento Materno/métodos , Aleitamento Materno/psicologia , Aleitamento Materno/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos de Coortes , Diarreia/etiologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Lactente , Cuidado do Lactente/métodos , Cuidado do Lactente/normas , Pneumonia/etiologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Sono , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and identify factors associated with simultaneous risk behaviors for chronic noncommunicable diseases in adults in a southern capital in Brazil. METHOD: A cross-sectional, population-based study was carried out with 1720 adults in Florianópolis, Brazil. The simultaneous occurrence of tobacco smoking, abusive drinking, inadequate or unhealthy diet, and physical inactivity during leisure was assessed. The independent variables were demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. RESULTS: Only 8.3% of the respondents did not have any of these factors, whereas the simultaneous occurrence of two or more risk behaviors was 59.4%. The simultaneous presence of four risk behaviors (3.4%) was 220% higher of what would be expected by combining the individual prevalence of these factors (1.5%). The likelihood of individuals having two or more risk behaviors simultaneously was greater in young men, with black skin color, living without a partner, with lower household per capita income, and lower education. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to implement programs that reduce the risk behaviors for chronic noncommunicable diseases among adults in Brazil, especially between young men with low education and income.
Assuntos
Doença Crônica , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Assunção de Riscos , Adulto , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Vigilância da População , Fumar/epidemiologia , Classe Social , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: We assessed the influence of season of birth on duration of breastfeeding and other feeding patterns in three population-based birth cohort studies in the city of Pelotas, Southern Brazil. METHODS: In 1982, 1993 and 2004, all hospital-born children in the city were enrolled in three cohort studies (n = 5914, 5249 and 4287, respectively). Children and their mothers were periodically visited in the first 2 years of life, to collect information on the duration of breastfeeding and the ages at which different types of foods were introduced on a regular basis. Two independent variables were studied: month of birth and mean environmental temperature in the first month of life. Survival analyses and chi-squared tests were used to evaluate the associations. Temperature-based slope indices of inequality were also calculated. RESULTS: Duration of breastfeeding was lower among children born from April to June (months preceding winter) and spending their first month of life in colder temperatures. The influence of season of birth on breastfeeding patterns and the introduction of cow's milk differed according to maternal education, with the strongest effects among children belonging to less educated mothers. Early introduction of fruits (1982 and 1993 cohorts) and vegetables (1982 cohort) were also associated with lower environmental temperature in the first month of life, but not with trimester of birth. CONCLUSION: Colder temperatures adversely affect duration of breastfeeding and feeding patterns in infancy, especially among the poorest. This finding should be considered in breastfeeding promotion programmes.
Assuntos
Aleitamento Materno/estatística & dados numéricos , Estações do Ano , Alimentação com Mamadeira/estatística & dados numéricos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Escolaridade , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Temperatura , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
OBJETIVOS: avaliar a iniquidade na assistência à gestação e ao parto para menores de cinco anos residentes no município de Caracol, Piauí, Brasil. MÉTODOS: usando delineamento transversal, amostragem sistemática e aplicação de questionário domiciliar foram coletadas informações sobre características demográficas de mães e crianças, assistência à gestação e ao parto e nível socioeconômico. Por meio da técnica de componentes principais, criou-se um escore em tercis. As associações deste escore com as variáveis relativas à assistência à gestação e ao parto foram avaliadas pelos testes qui-quadrado e Kruskal- Wallis. RESULTADOS: todas as 405 crianças incluídas no estudo eram provenientes de famílias com renda inferior a um salário mínimo mensal; 65 por cento residiam em área rural. Mães pertencentes ao maior tercil socioeconômico realizaram um maior número de consultas de pré-natal; realizaram maior número de exames de urina, hemograma, citopatológico de colo uterino e ultrassonografia, tiveram o parto realizado por médico e foram mais frequentemente submetidas à cesariana. CONCLUSÕES: mesmo entre os mais pobres, há enormes iniquidades em saúde. Combater os determinantes desta pobreza com programas sociais mais agressivos é imperativo, assim como priorizar o atendimento aos mais pobres dentre os pobres.
OBJECTIVES: to evaluate inequality in health care during gestation and delivery for women with children under five years of age resident in the Municipality of Caracol, in the Brazilian State of Piauí. METHODS: a household questionnaire was applied to a cross-sectional systematic sample to collect data on the demographic characteristics of mothers and children, health care during pregnancy and deliver and socio-economic status. A tercile score was created using the principal component technique. The associations between this score and variables relating to health care for women during pregnancy and childbirth were evaluated using the chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: all the 405 children covered by the study came from families with an income of less than one minimum wage per month; 65 percent lived in rural areas. Mothers belonging to the highest socio-economic tercile had a larger number of pre-natal consults; they had the largest number of urine tests, hemograms, cytopathological tests of the cervix and ultrasound, and their babies were delivered by a doctor with a higher frequency of caesarian sections. CONCLUSIONS: even among the poorest sectors of society there are enormous health inequalities. It is imperative that the factors determining this poverty be addressed with more aggressive social programs and priority given to caring for the poorest of the poor.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Recém-Nascido , Assistência Integral à Saúde , Desigualdades de Saúde , Saúde Materno-Infantil , Cuidado Pré-Natal , Zona SemiáridaRESUMO
This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence of maternal smoking during pregnancy and its impact on anthropometric measurements of newborns. A standardized questionnaire was applied to all pregnant women admitted for delivery in the maternity units in Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, in 2007. Measurements were taken of the newborns' weight, length, and head circumference. Prevalence rates were 23% for maternal smoking during pregnancy and 29% for exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, compared with those whose mothers never smoked, newborns whose mothers smoked throughout pregnancy showed average decreases of 223.4 g in birth weight (95%CI: 156.7;290.0), 0.94 cm in birth length (95%CI: 0.60;1.28), and 0.69 cm in head circumference (95%CI: 0.42-0.95). In conclusion, prevalence of maternal smoking during pregnancy was high in this municipality. Maternal smoking during pregnancy was inversely associated with birth weight, length, and head circumference.
Assuntos
Antropometria , Peso ao Nascer , Complicações na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Fumar/epidemiologia , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido de Baixo Peso , Recém-Nascido , Mães/estatística & dados numéricos , Gravidez , Prevalência , Distribuição por Sexo , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Este estudo transversal de base populacional teve por objetivo investigar a prevalência de tabagismo materno durante a gestação e seu impacto sobre as medidas antropométricas do recém-nascido. Aplicou-se questionário padronizado a todas as parturientes nas maternidades do Município de Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, em 2007. Foram obtidas medidas de peso, comprimento e perímetros cefálico dos recém-nascidos. A prevalência do tabagismo materno na gestação foi de 23 por cento, enquanto a prevalência da exposição passiva ao fumo foi de 29 por cento. Após ajuste para possíveis fatores de confusão, comparados aos recém-nascidos de mães que nunca fumaram, aqueles nascidos de mães fumantes durante toda a gestação tiveram ao nascer, em média, redução de 223,4g (IC95 por cento: 156,7; 290,0) no peso, de 0,94cm (IC95 por cento: 0,60; 1,28) no comprimento e de 0,69cm (IC95 por cento: 0,42; 0,95) no perímetro cefálico. Concluiu-se que a prevalência de tabagismo materno na gestação é alta no Município de Rio Grande. Tabagismo materno durante toda a gestação teve impacto negativo nas medidas antropométricas do recém-nascido.
This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence of maternal smoking during pregnancy and its impact on anthropometric measurements of newborns. A standardized questionnaire was applied to all pregnant women admitted for delivery in the maternity units in Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, in 2007. Measurements were taken of the newborns' weight, length, and head circumference. Prevalence rates were 23 percent for maternal smoking during pregnancy and 29 percent for exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, compared with those whose mothers never smoked, newborns whose mothers smoked throughout pregnancy showed average decreases of 223.4 g in birth weight (95 percentCI: 156.7;290.0), 0.94 cm in birth length (95 percentCI: 0.60;1.28), and 0.69 cm in head circumference (95 percentCI: 0.42-0.95). In conclusion, prevalence of maternal smoking during pregnancy was high in this municipality. Maternal smoking during pregnancy was inversely associated with birth weight, length, and head circumference.
Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Gravidez , Adulto Jovem , Antropometria , Peso ao Nascer , Complicações na Gravidez , Fumar , Brasil , Estudos Transversais , Recém-Nascido de Baixo Peso , Mães/estatística & dados numéricos , Prevalência , Distribuição por Sexo , Fumar/efeitos adversosRESUMO
OBJETIVOS: avaliar a assistência à gestação e ao parto entre o setor público e privado no município de Rio Grande, RS. MÉTODOS: aplicou-se questionário padronizado a todas as gestantes residentes neste município que tiveram filho em 2007. Investigaram-se aspectos relativos a cuidados recebidos desde o início da gestação até o pós-parto imediato. A análise estatística consistiu da comparação de proporções nestes dois grupos através do teste de qui-quadrado. RESULTADOS: dentre os 2584 nascimentos cujas mães residiam no município, foram obtidas informações sobre 2557, o que representa 98,9 por cento do total. Destas mães, 96 por cento realizaram pelo menos uma consulta de pré-natal. Gestantes atendidas no setor privado iniciaram o pré-natal mais cedo, realizaram um maior número de consultas médicas, exame de sangue e ultrassonografia pélvica, exame ginecológico, das mamas e citopatológico de colo uterino. Gestantes do setor público realizaram maior número de exames de urina e sorologia para sífilis e foram mais comumente suplementadas com sulfato ferroso. Todas estas diferenças foram estatisticamente significativas (p<0,05). CONCLUSÕES: gestantes do setor privado receberam de forma sistemática melhor assistência durante o pré-natal em termos de consultas e exames realizados, tiveram seu parto mais comumente realizado por médico, foram mais afetadas por intervenções desnecessárias como cesariana e episiotomia e menos frequentemente suplementadas com ferro.
OBJECTIVES: to compare public and private sector maternity care in the municipality of Rio Grande, in the Brazilian State of Rio Grande do Sul. METHODS: a standardized questionnaire was applied to all pregnant women residing in this municipality who had a child in 2007. All aspects, from the beginning of gestation to immediate post-partum were investigated. Statistical analysis took the form of comparison of proportions for these two groups, using the chi-squared test. RESULTS: of the 2584 children born whose mothers resided in the municipality, information was obtained on 2557, representing 98.9 percent of the total. Of these mothers, 96 percent received at least one prenatal consultation. Pregnant women attended by the private sector began prenatal care earlier, had a larger number of medical consults, blood tests, pelvic ultrasound examinations, and gynecological examinations of the breasts and cytopathological examinations of the cervix. Pregnant women in the public sector had more urine tests and serum tests for syphilis and were often give iron sulfate supplements. All these differences were statistically significant (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: pregnant women in the private sector systematically received better prenatal care in terms of consultations and examinations. Their delivery was more often carried out by a physician and they underwent more unnecessary interventions, such as a caesarian section or episiotomy, while they were less likely to receive iron supplements.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Recém-Nascido , Cesárea , Atenção à Saúde , Instituições Privadas de Saúde , Serviços de Saúde , Parto , Cuidado Pré-NatalRESUMO
This study aimed to compare prenatal and childbirth care received by teenagers and older mothers in Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul State, southern Brazil. From January 1st to December 31st 2007, all mothers were interviewed with a standardized questionnaire on the care they received. The chi-square test was used to compare proportions between adolescent and non-adolescent mothers. One-fourth (516) of the infants were born to adolescent mothers. Compared to older mothers, teenagers showed lower rates of the following: completion of at least six prenatal visits (61% x 75%), initiation of prenatal care in the first trimester (58% x 77%), tetanus vaccination (81% x 85%), and completion of prenatal visits with the same health professional (70% x 78%). Meanwhile, teenage motherhood was associated with more: supplementation for iron deficiency (66% x 57%), use of forceps (11% x 6%), and episiotomy (86% x 66%). The findings show that teenage mothers received worse prenatal and childbirth care than older mothers.
Assuntos
Serviços de Saúde Materna/estatística & dados numéricos , Assistência Perinatal/estatística & dados numéricos , Cuidado Pré-Natal/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Fatores Etários , Brasil , Estudos Transversais , Escolaridade , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Triagem Neonatal , Gravidez , Gravidez na Adolescência/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Este estudo teve por objetivo comparar a assistência à gestação e ao parto entre mães adolescentes e não adolescentes residentes no Município de Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Entre 1º de janeiro e 31 de dezembro de 2007 aplicou-se questionário padronizado a todas as mães destes recém-nascidos buscando informações sobre cuidados recebidos do inicio da gravidez até momento do parto. Utilizou-se teste do qui-quadrado para comparar proporções. Um quarto (516) dos recém-nascidos era filho de mães adolescentes. Em relação às demais mães, uma menor proporção de adolescentes completou seis ou mais consultas de pré-natal (61 por cento x 75 por cento), iniciou o pré-natal no primeiro trimestre de gravidez (58 por cento x 77 por cento), recebeu vacina antitetânica (81 por cento x 85 por cento) e fez todo o pré-natal com o mesmo profissional (70 por cento x 78 por cento); no entanto, foram mais comumente suplementadas com sulfato ferroso (66 por cento x 57 por cento), submetidas a fórcipe (11 por cento x 6 por cento), à episiotomia (86 por cento x 66 por cento), e atendidas no SUS (92 por cento x 76 por cento). Estes dados mostram que a assistência recebida pelas mães adolescentes foi sistematicamente pior àquela recebida pelas demais mães.
This study aimed to compare prenatal and childbirth care received by teenagers and older mothers in Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul State, southern Brazil. From January 1st to December 31st 2007, all mothers were interviewed with a standardized questionnaire on the care they received. The chi-square test was used to compare proportions between adolescent and non-adolescent mothers. One-fourth (516) of the infants were born to adolescent mothers. Compared to older mothers, teenagers showed lower rates of the following: completion of at least six prenatal visits (61 percent x 75 percent), initiation of prenatal care in the first trimester (58 percent x 77 percent), tetanus vaccination (81 percent x 85 percent), and completion of prenatal visits with the same health professional (70 percent x 78 percent). Meanwhile, teenage motherhood was associated with more: supplementation for iron deficiency (66 percent x 57 percent), use of forceps (11 percent x 6 percent), and episiotomy (86 percent x 66 percent). The findings show that teenage mothers received worse prenatal and childbirth care than older mothers.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Gravidez , Adulto Jovem , Serviços de Saúde Materno-Infantil , Serviços de Saúde Materna/estatística & dados numéricos , Assistência Perinatal/estatística & dados numéricos , Cuidado Pré-Natal/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores Etários , Brasil , Estudos Transversais , Escolaridade , Triagem Neonatal , Gravidez na Adolescência/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Este estudo teve por objetivo medir a prevalência e identificar fatores associados à percepção de corrimento vaginal patológico por gestantes residentes em Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Aplicou-se questionário padronizado a todas as parturientes nas maternidades do município em 2007. Utilizou-se teste do qui-quadrado para comparar proporções e análise multivariável por regressão de Poisson. A prevalência de corrimento vaginal foi de 40 por cento. Análise ajustada mostrou as seguintes razões de prevalência: 1,6 (1,4-1,8) para adolescentes; 1,3 (1,1-1,6) para aquelas com até oito anos de escolaridade; 1,3 (1,1-1,5) para aquelas que ingeriram álcool; 2,0 (1,8-2,2) para aquelas que referiram corrimento vaginal em gestação anterior; 1,4 (1,3-1,6) para infecção urinária na gestação atual; prematuridade em gestação anterior mostrou-se protetor com RP = 0,8 (0,7-0,9). Os serviços de saúde deveriam priorizar diagnóstico e tratamento de corrimento vaginal entre gestantes adolescentes, de baixa renda familiar e escolaridade, com história prévia de corrimento em gravidez anterior e infecção urinária na gravidez atual.
This study aims to determine the prevalence self-reported abnormal vaginal discharge and to identify associated risk factors in pregnant women in the municipality of Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. A standardized questionnaire was applied to all pregnant women admitted for delivery in local maternity hospitals. The chi-square test was used to compare proportions, and Poisson regression was applied using multivariate analysis. Prevalence of vaginal discharge was 40 percent. Adjusted analysis showed the following prevalence ratios for vaginal discharge: 1.6 (1.4-1.8) for adolescents; 1.3 (1.1-1.6) for 8 years of schooling or less; 1.3 (1.1-1.5) for alcohol consumption; 2.0 (1.8-2.2) for vaginal discharge in the previous pregnancy; 1.4 (1.3-1.6) for urinary tract infection in the current pregnancy; and 0.8 (0.7-0.9) for history of prematurity. Local health services should target adolescent women, those with low schooling or low family income, and those with a history of vaginal discharge in the previous pregnancy or urinary tract infection in the current pregnancy.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Cuidado Pré-Natal , Complicações na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Descarga Vaginal/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Autoavaliação Diagnóstica , Bem-Estar Materno , Prevalência , Complicações na Gravidez/diagnóstico , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Descarga Vaginal/diagnósticoRESUMO
This study aims to determine the prevalence self-reported abnormal vaginal discharge and to identify associated risk factors in pregnant women in the municipality of Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. A standardized questionnaire was applied to all pregnant women admitted for delivery in local maternity hospitals. The chi-square test was used to compare proportions, and Poisson regression was applied using multivariate analysis. Prevalence of vaginal discharge was 40%. Adjusted analysis showed the following prevalence ratios for vaginal discharge: 1.6 (1.4-1.8) for adolescents; 1.3 (1.1-1.6) for 8 years of schooling or less; 1.3 (1.1-1.5) for alcohol consumption; 2.0 (1.8-2.2) for vaginal discharge in the previous pregnancy; 1.4 (1.3-1.6) for urinary tract infection in the current pregnancy; and 0.8 (0.7-0.9) for history of prematurity. Local health services should target adolescent women, those with low schooling or low family income, and those with a history of vaginal discharge in the previous pregnancy or urinary tract infection in the current pregnancy.