RESUMO
AIMS: Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), choline and betaine serum levels have been associated with metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes (T2D) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). These associations could be mediated by insulin resistance. However, the relationships among these metabolites, insulin resistance and NAFLD have not been thoroughly investigated. Moreover, it has recently been suggested that TMAO could play a role in NAFLD by altering bile acid metabolism. We examined the association between circulating TMAO, choline and betaine levels and NAFLD in obese subjects. METHODS: Serum TMAO, choline, betaine and bile acid levels were measured in 357 Mexican obese patients with different grades of NAFLD as determined by liver histology. Associations of NAFLD with TMAO, choline and betaine levels were tested. Moreover, association of TMAO levels with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) was tested separately in patients with and without T2D. RESULTS: TMAO and choline levels were significantly associated with NAFLD histologic features and NASH risk. While increased serum TMAO levels were significantly associated with NASH in patients with T2D, in non-T2D subjects this association lost significance after adjusting for sex, BMI and HOMA2-IR. Moreover, circulating secondary bile acids were associated both with increased TMAO levels and NASH. CONCLUSIONS: In obese patients, circulating TMAO levels were associated with NASH mainly in the presence of T2D. Functional studies are required to evaluate the role of insulin resistance and T2D in this association, both highly prevalent in NASH patients.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Metilaminas/sangue , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica , Adulto , Betaína/sangue , Ácidos e Sais Biliares/sangue , Biomarcadores/sangue , Biópsia , Colina/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Resistência à Insulina , Fígado/patologia , Masculino , Americanos Mexicanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/complicações , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/epidemiologia , Obesidade/complicações , Obesidade/epidemiologiaRESUMO
El efecto de la férula oclusal y el TENS ha sido estudiado en una muestra de 24 pacientes bruxistas (apretadores y rechinadores) que fueron diagnosticados por medio de un cuestionario y anamnesis. Se estudiaron diferentes variables tanto cualitativas como cuantitativas, atendiendo a aspectos psicológicos, de oclusión tanto estática como dinámica, actualidad electromiográfica e índices electromiográficos en músculos posturales y elevadores y presencia de desarreglos internos de la articulación temporomandibular. El método estadístico utilizado fue el análisis cluster. Los resultados no mostraron claramente una discriminación entre grupos tanto entre apretadores y rechinadores como entre los dos tipos de tratamiento...
Assuntos
Bruxismo , Placas Oclusais , Estimulação Elétrica Nervosa Transcutânea , Odontologia , Músculos da MastigaçãoRESUMO
En 24 bruxistas diagnosticados por cuestionario y anamnesis se determinó, por electromiografía de superficie, la actividad eléctrica de los músculos elevadores mandibulares, de los digástricos y de los músculos esternocleidomastoideos y trapecios, así como los índices de asimetría, de actividad y de torque en la posición de reposo mandibular. Los resultados muestran que esta posición es mantenida con una mínima actividad muscular con mayor contribución relativa de los temporales anteriores y de los trapecios. Se constata también una leve asimetría de predominio izquierdo...