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Introduction: Acute leukemias (AL) are the main types of cancer in children worldwide. In Mexico, they represent one of the main causes of death in children under 20 years of age. Most of the studies on the incidence of AL in Mexico have been developed in the urban context of Greater Mexico City and no previous studies have been conducted in the central-south of the country through a population-based study. The aim of the present work was to identify the general and specific incidence rates of pediatric AL in three states of the south-central region of Mexico considered as some of the marginalized populations of Mexico (Puebla, Tlaxcala, and Oaxaca). Methods: A population-based study was conducted. Children aged less than 20 years, resident in these states, and newly diagnosed with AL in public/private hospitals during the period 2021-2022 were identified. Crude incidence rates (cIR), standardized incidence rates (ASIRw), and incidence rates by state subregions (ASIRsr) were calculated. Rates were calculated using the direct and indirect method and reported per million children under 20 years of age. In addition, specific rates were calculated by age group, sex, leukemia subtype, and immunophenotype. Results: A total of 388 cases with AL were registered. In the three states, the ASIRw for AL was 51.5 cases per million (0-14 years); in Puebla, it was 53.2, Tlaxcala 54.7, and Oaxaca de 47.7. In the age group between 0-19 years, the ASIRw were 44.3, 46.4, 48.2, and 49.6, in Puebla, Tlaxcala, and Oaxaca, respectively. B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia was the most common subtype across the three states. Conclusion: The incidence of childhood AL in the central-south region of Mexico is within the range of rates reported in other populations of Latin American origin. Two incidence peaks were identified for lymphoblastic and myeloid leukemias. In addition, differences in the incidence of the disease were observed among state subregions which could be attributed to social factors linked to the ethnic origin of the inhabitants. Nonetheless, this hypothesis requires further investigation.
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The avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a coronavirus that mutates frequently, leading to a contagious and acute disease that results in economic losses to the global poultry industry. Due to its genetic and serological diversity, IBV poses a challenge in preventing and controlling the pathogen. The full-length S1 sequence analysis identifies seven main genotypes (GI-GVII) comprising 35 viral lineages. In addition to the previously described lineage, a new GI lineage (GI-30) and two lineages from novel genotypes (GVIII-1 and GIX-1) have been described in Mexico. To prevent the spread of IBV outbreaks in a specific geographic location and select the suitable vaccine, it is helpful to genetically identify the circulating IBV types. Moreover, sequencing genomes can provide essential insights into virus evolution and significantly enhance our understanding of IBV variability. However, only genomes of previously described lineages (GI-1, GI-9, GI-13, and GI-17) have been reported for Mexican strains. Here, we sequenced new genomes from Mexican lineages, including the indigenous GI-30, GVIII-1, and GIX-1 lineages. Comparative genomics reveals that Mexico has relatively homogenous lineages (i.e., GI-13), some with greater variability (i.e., GI-1 and GI-9), and others extremely divergent (GI-30, GVIII-1, and GIX-1). The circulating lineages and intra-lineage variability support the unique diversity and dynamic of Mexican IBV.
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Infecções por Coronavirus , Vírus da Bronquite Infecciosa , Doenças das Aves Domésticas , Animais , Vírus da Bronquite Infecciosa/genética , México/epidemiologia , Galinhas , Genótipo , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/veterinária , Recombinação Genética , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/epidemiologia , FilogeniaRESUMO
PURPOSE: The delay in the time (in calendar days) from the delivery of mammography results to histopathological breast cancer (BC) diagnosis could be associated with more advanced clinical stages, a worse prognosis and higher mortality. Therefore, we assessed the association between the number of biopsies and the delay in the time (in calendar days) from the delivery of mammography results to histopathological BC. METHODS: A survey was performed on 563 women aged between 35 and 69 years with histopathologically confirmed BC who attended 11 Mexican hospitals. RESULTS: After adjusting for potential confounders, the odds of having a delay in the time (in calendar days) from the delivery of mammography results to histopathological BC diagnosis (≥ 60 days) among women with ≥ 3 biopsies were 2.99 times the odds of those who had only one biopsy (95% CI 1.35, 6.63). CONCLUSION: The number of biopsies should be considered as a predictor of the time delay between the delivery of the mammography result and the diagnostic result.
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Neoplasias da Mama , Adulto , Idoso , Biópsia , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Feminino , Humanos , Mamografia/métodos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a highly mutable coronavirus that causes an acute and highly contagious disease responsible for economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. Preventing and controlling bronchitis disease is difficulted by the numerous IBV circulating types with limited antigenic cross-protection that hamper the prevention and control by heterologous vaccines. The coding region of the variable spike S1 receptor-attachment domain is used to classify IBV in 7 genotypes (GI-GVII) comprising 35 viral lineages (1-35). Knowledge of the circulating IBV types causing outbreaks in a specific geographic region is beneficial to select better the appropriate vaccine(s) and contribute to disease control. In the study, 17 avian infectious bronchitis virus strains were obtained from chickens showing signs of illness in Mexico from 2007 to 2021. We detected 4 lineages within genotype I, three already known (GI-3, GI-9, GI-13) and one newly described (GI-30). In addition, we identified 2 divergent monophyletic groups that are tentatively described as lineages of new genotypes (GVIII-1 and GIX-1). Our findings revealed that Mexico's high genetic IBV diversity results from the co-circulation of divergent lineages belonging to different genotypes. Mexican IBV lineages differ significantly from Massachusetts and Connecticut vaccine strains, indicating that the currently used vaccines may need to be updated.
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Infecções por Coronavirus , Vírus da Bronquite Infecciosa , Doenças das Aves Domésticas , Vacinas Virais , Animais , Galinhas , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/veterinária , Variação Genética , Vírus da Bronquite Infecciosa/genética , México/epidemiologia , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Realizamos un estudio prospectivo, longitudinal y descriptivo de 82 pacientes menores de 12 años, quienes ingresaron a la emergencia pediátrica del HCSC, con clínica de Fiebre Hemorragica por Dengue (FHD). Encontramos un ligero predominio del sexo femenino y mayores de 8 años con 60 por ciento de procedencia urbana. Todos presentaron fiebre. Las petequias, epitaxis, y gingivorragia fueron los sangramientos más frecuentes. El 82 por ciento correspondió a FHD fase II, el día de mayor leucopenia y plaquetopenia fue el quinto, con alteracines del TPT en un 64 por ciento, con serología positiva en un 96 por ciento. No se aisló el serotipo predominante en la región. Concluimos que nos encontramos en zona endémica por virusdengue demostrado por los títulos elevados de anticuerpos encontrados
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Criança , Dengue Grave/diagnóstico , Dengue Grave/epidemiologia , Leucopenia , Pediatria , VenezuelaRESUMO
Determinar la utilidad de la prueba phadebact en la etiología de Neumonia Adquirida en la comunidad en niños. Estudio prospectivo, descriptivo y transversal con una población de 30 niños con edad entre 2-11 años, diagnóstico clínico-epidemiológico de NAC. Se practico la prueba de Coaglutinación (Phadebact): NAC fue más frecuente en la edad preescolar (33.3 por ciento), predomino el sexo masculino (60 por ciento). El phadebact fue positivo en 5 niños (16,6 por ciento). Conclusión: la prueba de Coaglutinación posee baja especificidad en el diagnóstico de NAC. Se recomienda como método
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Criança , Antibacterianos , Infecções Bacterianas , Pneumonia/diagnóstico , Pneumonia/etiologia , Resistência a Múltiplos Medicamentos/fisiologia , Sistema Respiratório , Infecções Respiratórias , Pediatria , VenezuelaRESUMO
Con la finalidad de corroborar el comportamiento epidemilógico de los Traumatismos Craneoencafálicos en niños preescolares y escolares admitidos en la Unidad de Cuidados Especiales Pediátricos del Hospital Central de San Cristóbal durante un período de 5 años, se realizó un trabajo retrospectivo y documental recabando la información a partir de las historias. Se incluyeron 79 niños, 69 por ciento de varones. El drupo etareo predominante fue el escolar con 44 casos. Todos pertenecientes al nivel Graffar IV, 63,29 por ciento de los pacientes provenían del medio rural. Los principales mecanismos involucrados fueron las caídas (56.9 por ciento). Las complicaciones registradas con mayor frecuencia son fracturas de cráneo (18.98 por ciento). Se concluye que los factores socioculturales juegan un papel importante en la génesis de los traumatismos craneoencefálicos