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Designing and developing inhibitors against the epigenetic target DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) is an attractive strategy in epigenetic drug discovery. DNMT1 is one of the epigenetic enzymes with significant clinical relevance. Structure-based de novo design is a drug discovery strategy that was used in combination with similarity searching to identify a novel DNMT inhibitor with a novel chemical scaffold and warrants further exploration. This study aimed to continue exploring the potential of de novo design to build epigenetic-focused libraries targeted toward DNMT1. Herein, we report the results of an in-depth and critical comparison of ligand- and structure-based de novo design of screening libraries focused on DNMT1. The newly designed chemical libraries focused on DNMT1 are freely available on GitHub.

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Food insecurity has been associated with negative short, medium, and long-term health consequences, which are more detrimental for children and adolescents. These effects may depend on the coping strategies developed to deal with food shortages. The present research aimed at exploring coping strategies in food insecure households with children and adolescents in Uruguay, incorporating sociological theoretical insights from Bourdieu. A qualitative approach based on individual semi-structured interviews was used. A total of 40 interviews were conducted with adults who had parental responsibilities of children and adolescents and who received different types of food assistance, between July and December 2022, in four cities. Results showed that adults tend to develop a wide range of coping strategies aimed at: reducing food expenditure, increasing the availability of money for purchasing food, increasing food availability and/or rationing the food available in the household. Some of the strategies were implemented regardless of the severity of food insecurity, whereas others were characteristic of the moderate and severe levels of the construct. Evidence to support the mediation effect of coping strategies on health outcomes was found. Discourses suggested that lower accumulation of economic and cultural capital may be aligned with the adoption of less socially accepted mechanisms to access to food. Expressions of a specific habitus aimed at securing food were identified among participants with more deprivations. Taken together, the findings suggest that coping strategies may not be a universal or invariant sequence according to the severity of food insecurity and stress the importance of considering households' resources and local context for the development of strategies to improve access to food.

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The bacterial flagellum is a complex structure formed by more than 25 different proteins, this appendage comprises three conserved structures: the basal body, the hook and filament. The basal body, embedded in the cell envelope, is the most complex structure and houses the export apparatus and the motor. In situ images of the flagellar motor in different species have revealed a huge diversity of structures that surround the well-conserved periplasmic components of the basal body. The identity of the proteins that form these novel structures in many cases has been elucidated genetically and biochemically, but in others they remain to be identified or characterized. In this work, we report that in the alpha proteobacteria Cereibacter sphaeroides the novel protein MotK along with MotE are essential for flagellar rotation. We show evidence that these periplasmic proteins interact with each other and with MotB2. Moreover, these proteins localize to the flagellated pole and MotK localization is dependent on MotB2 and MotA2. These results together suggest that the role of MotK and MotE is to activate or recruit the flagellar stators to the flagellar structure.

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We report the complete genome sequence of deformed wing virus and black queen cell virus isolated from Argentinean's honeybees. These sequence data will be valuable for future research on the viral variants present in the country and the development of strategies to control the spread of these viruses in apiaries.

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The study of rainfall thresholds is vital in understanding the factors that trigger landslides, being one of the criteria applied to landslide early warning systems that aim to mitigate their consequences. These thresholds enable the prediction of landslide occurrences as a function of rainfall measurements. This work presents an overview of the parameters involved in defining rainfall thresholds based on scientific articles published between 2008 and 2021 that discuss the subject through statistical or physical methods. These articles provided data such as publication information, threshold types, details on the data used in the works, methodology, and application of the threshold in early warning systems. There was a significant increase in research papers on this theme during this period, possibly due to the strategies advocated by the Sendai Framework. However, some regions of the world severely affected by landslides are barely mentioned in these studies. The results indicate specific trends, such as those found in the methods used to define rainfall thresholds and the parameters relating to the database when a statistical approach was used. Certain deficiencies were found, such as those concerning geological-geotechnical conditions for categorizing thresholds, the time scales of rainfall data, rain gauge density, and the criteria to define the accumulated rainfall period to be considered.

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Introducción: En la adolescencia son frecuentes los comportamientos sexuales de riesgo asociados a desinformación y falta de asesoramiento de la familia y de los profesionales de enfermería, lo que constituye un problema de salud pública. Objetivo: Analizar las evidencias científicas que existen sobre intervenciones de enfermería exitosas en el marco de la educación sexual orientada a la población escolar adolescente. Método: Revisión bibliográfica en las bases de datos Dialnet, LILACS y Pubmed. Los criterios de inclusión consideraron documentos que contenían intervenciones de enfermería escolar en educación sexual en población adolescente. Respecto a la selección por calidad metodológica de los artículos, se recurrió a lectura crítica, mediante la aplicación de la lista de comprobación CASPe. Luego se emplearon técnicas de análisis de contenido y se presentaron los resultados en tablas. Resultados: Las intervenciones de enfermería en educación demostraron efectos positivos sobre la salud sexual de los adolescentes, al mejorar sus conocimientos en prevención de embarazo e infecciones de transmisión sexual y disminuir significativamente la probabilidad de cometer conductas de riesgo. Conclusión: Según la bibliografía seleccionada se concluye que la enfermera escolar es un recurso indispensable para padres y educadores, al implementar programas educativos que promueven un desarrollo sexual saludable en los adolescentes.

Introdução: Na adolescência, são frequentes os comportamentos sexuais de risco associados à desinformação e à falta de orientação da família e dos profissionais de enfermagem, o que constitui um problema de saúde pública. Objetivo: Analisar as evidências científicas sobre intervenções de enfermagem bem-sucedidas no âmbito da educação sexual voltada para a população escolar adolescente. Método: Revisão bibliográfica nas bases de dados Dialnet, LILACS e Pubmed. Os critérios de inclusão consideraram documentos que continham intervenções de enfermagem escolar em educação sexual na população adolescente. Para a seleção dos artigos quanto à qualidade metodológica, foi utilizada a leitura crítica, aplicando a lista de verificação CASPe. Foram empregadas técnicas de análise de conteúdo e os resultados foram apresentados em tabelas. Resultados: As intervenções de enfermagem na educação demonstraram efeitos positivos na saúde sexual dos adolescentes, melhorando seu conhecimento sobre gravidez e prevenção de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis e reduzindo significativamente a probabilidade de cometer comportamentos de risco. Conclusão: De acordo com a bibliografia selecionada, conclui-se que o enfermeiro escolar é um recurso indispensável para pais e educadores na implementação de programas educacionais que promovam o desenvolvimento sexual saudável em adolescentes.

Introduction: In adolescence, risky sexual behaviors associated with misinformation and lack of advice from the family and nursing professionals are frequent, which constitutes a public health problem. Objective: To analyze the scientific evidence on successful nursing interventions within the framework of sexual education oriented to the adolescent school population. Method: Bibliographic review in the Dialnet, LILACS and Pubmed databases. Inclusion criteria considered documents containing school nursing interventions in sex education in the adolescent population. Regarding the selection of articles for methodological quality, critical reading was used, by applying the CASP checklist. Content analysis techniques were then used and the results were presented in tables. Results: Nursing interventions in education showed positive effects on the sexual health of adolescents, improving their knowledge of pregnancy and sexually transmitted infection prevention and significantly reducing the probability of committing risky behaviors. Conclusion: According to the selected bibliography, it is concluded that the school nurse is an indispensable resource for parents and educators, implementing educational programs that promote healthy sexual development in adolescents.

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(analítico) Desde una mirada intercultural, se exploraron los significados de infancia en la agricultura familiar campesina, así como sus implicaciones en términos de trabajo y provisión de cuidados a niños y niñas. A partir de la tensión entre los significados universales de infancia basados en un enfoque de derechos y el trabajo en el campo del cual participan las personas desde temprana edad, se realizó un estudio cualitativo con diseño de teoría fundamentada y aplicación de entrevistas a mujeres cuidadoras y profesionales de programas de desarrollo rural en Chile. Se evidenció que a medida que la infancia aumenta en actoría social, disminuyen las prácticas de trabajo y se profundizan las de cuidado. Los resultados alientan a pensar en la proyección de una ontología de la niñez rural.

(analytical) Using an intercultural perspective, this study explores the meanings of childhood in the rural peasant population, as well as the implications of these meanings on the allocation of tasks and providing care to boys and girls. Taking into account the tension between universal meanings of childhood that draw on rights-based perspectives and the traditional practice of children working in agriculture, we conducted a qualitative study using a grounded theory methodology. Interviews were conducted with women caregivers and staff who work in rural development programs in Chile. The study's results show that as childhood has had an increasing value with children becoming more and more recognized as social actors, traditional child work practices in agriculture have decreased and care practices have been strengthened. The author concludes that the results of the research have consequences when thinking about an ontology for rural children.

(analítico) A partir de uma perspectiva intercultural, exploramos os significados da infância entre famílias voltadas para agricultura familiar camponesa, bem como suas implicações em termos de trabalho e prestação de cuidados às meninos e meninas. Considerando a tensão existente entre os significados universais da infância a partir de uma abordagem de direitos e o trabalho no campo, no qual as pessoas se engajam desde muito cedo, realizamos um estudo qualitativo, com base na teoria fundamentada, onde realizamos entrevistas com mulheres cuidadoras e profissionais dos programas de desenvolvimento rural no Chile. Evidenciamos que à medida que a infância adquiriu um valor ao nível da atuação social, as práticas de trabalho diminuíram e as práticas de cuidado se aprofundaram. Conclui-se sobre as consequências dos resultados para pensar uma ontologia da infância rural.

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Tener peso alto es una característica que ha sido devaluada y denigrada socialmente, convirtiendo a las personas de cuerpos grandes en víctimas de estereotipos, prejuicios y discriminación, lo que se ha denominado estigmatización por el peso, fenómeno que ocurre especialmente en mujeres. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir las experiencias de estigma de peso de mujeres con obesidad que viven en el sur de Chile. Participaron seis mujeres entre 20 y 57 años a través de entrevistas semi-estructuradas realizadas de manera remota. Mediante Análisis Fenomenológico Interpretativo se identificaron cuatro supratemas y diversos subtemas, los supratemas son: 1. La obesidad como parte de la persona. 2. Las experiencias de sentirse discriminada. 3. Todo gira en función del peso. 4. Lo que la sociedad piensa de la obesidad, los que en su conjunto permiten caracterizar la experiencia de vivir con obesidad y sufrir el estigma asociado al peso en distintos ámbitos de sus vidas, incluso en contextos sanitarios. Las consecuencias de esta experiencia son diversas y negativas, destacando el impacto que tiene en su autoestima y las constantes emociones negativas que derivan de las situaciones de discriminación. Estos resultados ponen de manifiesto la importancia de avanzar hacia la diversidad y aceptación corporal, lo que supone un desafío a la sociedad en general y en particular a los proveedores de salud, ya que se requiere de intervenciones libres de prejuicios y orientadas a la salud y el bienestar de las personas.

Carrying a high weight is a characteristic that has been devalued and socially denigrated, turning people with large bodies into victims of stereotypes, prejudice, or discrimination, which has been called weight stigmatisation, a phenomenon that occurs especially in women. The aim of this study was to describe the weight stigma experiences of women with obesity who live in southern Chile. Six women between 20 and 57 years of age participated in semi-structured interviews conducted remotely. Through Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis four supra-themes and several sub-themes were identified, the supra-themes are: 1. Obesity as part of the person. 2. Experiences of feeling discriminated. 3. Everything is about weight. 4. what society thinks of obesity, which together allow characterising the experience of living with obesity and suffering the weight stigma in different areas of their lives, including in health contexts. The consequences of this experience are diverse and negative, highlighting the impact it has on their self-esteem and the constant negative emotions that derive from discrimination situations. These results highlight the importance of moving toward body diversity and acceptance, which is a challenge for society in general and health care providers in particular, as it requires interventions free from prejudice and orientated to the health and well-being of individuals.

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Exposing pigs to heat stress (HS) provokes higher death of intestinal cells, resulting in elevated endogenous intestinal losses (EIL) of amino acids (AA) and damage to intestinal epithelia. Arginine (Arg) is precursor for the synthesis of polyamines, which are involved in proliferation of intestinal cells and restoration of the intestinal epithelia. Thus the effect of adding L-Arg to diets for HS pigs on the EIL of AA was analyzed. Twelve pigs (23.1 ± 1.1 kg body weight) implanted with T-type cannulas at the end of ileum were individually housed and allowed 15-days for surgery recovery under thermoneutral (TN) conditions (22 ± 2 °C). Following, the pigs were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: TN pigs fed a semi-purified, corn starch-3% casein basal diet (TN-B); HS pigs with the basal diet (HS-B); HS pigs consuming the basal diet supplemented with 0.20% L-Arg (HS-Arg). The experiment consisted of two 9-day periods; each period included 7-days of adaptation to their respective diet, followed by a 2-day ileal digesta collection period. Digesta was collected during 12 consecutive hours each day. The pigs were fed twice a-day. Ambient temperature (AT) inside the TN and HS rooms ranged from 18.6 to 27.6 °C and from 29.5 to 40.7 °C, respectively. Body temperature followed a pattern similar to that of AT. The daily EIL of indispensable AA increased (P < 0.01) in the HS-B pigs compared to both the TN-B and the HS-Arg pigs, however, there was no EIL difference between the TN-B and the HS-Arg pigs (P > 0.05). Likewise, with the exception of serine, daily losses of endogenous dispensable AA in the HS-B pigs were higher (P < 0.01) in comparison with those of TN-B and HS-Arg pigs. In summary, HS exposure compared to TN conditions increases the loss of endogenous AA, but dietary supplementation with L-Arg helped to counteract the negative HS effect.

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Virtual small molecule libraries are valuable resources for identifying bioactive compounds in virtual screening campaigns and improving the quality of libraries in terms of physicochemical properties, complexity, and structural diversity. In this context, the computational-aided design of libraries focused against antidiabetic targets can provide novel alternatives for treating type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this work, we integrated the information generated to date on compounds with antidiabetic activity, advances in computational methods, and knowledge of chemical transformations available in the literature to design multi-target compound libraries focused on T2DM. We evaluated the novelty and diversity of the newly generated library by comparing it with antidiabetic compounds approved for clinical use, natural products, and multi-target compounds tested in vivo in experimental antidiabetic models. The designed libraries are freely available and are a valuable starting point for drug design, chemical synthesis, and biological evaluation or further computational filtering. Also, the compendium of 280 transformation rules identified in a medicinal chemistry context is made available in the linear notation SMIRKS for use in other chemical library enumeration or hit optimization approaches.

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Las enfermedades cardiovasculares están determinadas por ciertos factores de riesgos, la prevalencia y sinergia de éstos genera un de-terminado riesgo cardiovascular que deteriora la calidad de vida de quienes lo padecen. La realización de actividad física es considerada como una herramienta útil para disminuir uno de los factores de riesgo más importantes, la obesidad, medida mediante el índice de masa corporal. Sin embargo, no todos los seres humanos poseen las mismas características y capacidades físicas, por ende, la realización de ejercicio está restringida a éstas. Es en este sentido que se desarrolla el siguiente informe, el cual contempla una revisión sistemática que enfrenta a dos terapias complementarias: Yoga v/s Tai Chi, buscando la evidencia que permita la recomendación de una de ellas para la disminución de IMC en personas mayores con DM2. Los artículos fueron extraídos desde la plataforma académica PubMed, sometidos a 3 cribados de búsqueda, y criterios de inclusión y exclusión, resultando en la obtención de 4 artículos para el análisis, a partir de esta observación se obtiene que la realización de yoga es beneficiosa para la disminución de el IMC al caso índice. Por ende, se recomienda el uso de la terapia complementaria yoga, puesto que esta favorece la reducción del IMC en pacientes con enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en comparación a la terapia complementaria Tai Chi[AU]

Cardiovascular diseases are determined by certain risk factors, the prevalence and synergy of which generates a certain cardiovascular risk that deteriorates the quality of life of those who suffer from it. Physical activity is considered a useful tool for reducing one of the most important risk factors, obesity, measured by the body mass index. However, not all human beings have the same physical capacities, therefore, exercise is restricted to them. It is in this sense that the following report is developed, which contemplates a systematic review that confronts two complementary therapies: yoga v/s Tai Chi, looking for the evidence that allows the recommendation of one of them for the decrease of BMI in elderly people with DM2.The articles were extracted from the academic platform PubMed, subjected to 3 search screens, and inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in obtaining 4 articles for analysis, from this observation it is obtained that the performance of yoga is beneficial for the decrease of the BMI to the index case. Therefore, the use of yoga complementary therapy is recommended, since it favors the reduction of BMI in patients with chronic noncommunicable diseases compared to Cardiovascular diseases are determined by certain risk factors, the prevalence and synergy of which generates a certain cardiovascular risk that deteriorates the quality of life of those who suffer from it. Physical activity is considered a useful tool for reducing one of the most important risk factors, obesity, measured by the body mass index. However, not all human beings have the same physical capacities, therefore, exercise is restricted to them. It is in this sense that the following report is developed, which contemplates a systematic review that confronts two complementary therapies: yoga v/s Tai Chi, looking for the evidence that allows the recommendation of one of them for the decrease of BMI in elderly people with DM2.The articles were extracted from the academic platform PubMed, subjected to 3 search screens, and inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in obtaining 4 articles for analysis, from this observation it is obtained that the performance of yoga is beneficial for the decrease of the BMI to the index case. Therefore, the use of yoga complementary therapy is recommended, since it favors the reduction of BMI in patients with chronic noncommunicable diseases compared to Tai Chi complementary[AU]

As doenças cardiovasculares são determinadas por certos factores de risco, cuja prevalência e sinergia geram um certo risco cardio-vascular que deteriora a qualidade de vida das pessoas que delas sofrem. A atividade física é considerada uma ferramenta útil para reduzir um dos factores de risco mais importantes, a obesidade, medida pelo índice de massa corporal. No entanto, nem todos os seres humanos têm as mesmas características físicas e, por isso, o exercício é restrito a eles. É nesse sentido que se desenvolve o pre-sente relatório, que contempla uma revisão sistemática que con-fronta duas terapias complementares: yoga v/s Tai Chi, buscando as evidências que permitam a recomendação de uma delas para a diminuição do IMC em idosos com DM2. Os artigos foram ex-traídos da plataforma acadêmica Pubmed, submetidos a 3 telas de busca, e critérios de inclusão e exclusão, resultando na obtenção de 4 artigos para análise, a partir desta observação obtém-se que a realização do yoga é benéfica para a redução do IMC para o caso índice. Portanto, recomenda-se a utilização da terapia complemen-tar yoga, uma vez que favorece a redução do IMC em pacientes com doenças crónicas não transmissíveis em comparação com a terapia complementar Tai Chi[AU]

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Work-family interface (WFI) theory has identified many stressors that influence work-family dynamics from the standpoint of employees. However, work-family facilitators, as well as the effects of gender differences and the impact of sociocultural environments that differ from a formal employment situation, have received much less attention. Our research aimed to fill these theoretical gaps by analyzing the facilitators and stressors involved in work-family dynamics and determining their consequences for farm women's physical, psychological, and social health. We used a qualitative method with a grounded theory design to collect data via semi-structured interviews with 46 farm women from the region of Araucanía in Chile. Our results explain how facilitators, stressors, and outcomes take place in a process of work-family balance that, paradoxically, implies exhausting journeys, a gender-based overload, a risk of diffuse body pain and distress, and a lack of time for personal healthcare and productive autonomy. Addressing these issues requires a comprehensive approach involving improved healthcare infrastructure and services focused on changing the pressures that the farming WFI exerts on rural women.

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Science and art have been connected for centuries. With the development of new computational methods, new scientific disciplines have emerged, such as computational chemistry, and related fields, such as cheminformatics. Chemoinformatics is grounded on the chemical space concept: a multi-descriptor space in which chemical structures are described. In several practical applications, visual representations of the chemical space of compound datasets are low-dimensional plots helpful in identifying patterns. However, the authors propose that the plots can also be used as artistic expressions. This manuscript introduces an approach to merging art with chemoinformatics through visual and artistic representations of chemical space. As case studies, we portray the chemical space of food chemicals and other compounds to generate visually appealing graphs with twofold benefits: sharing chemical knowledge and developing pieces of art driven by chemoinformatics. The art driven by chemical space visualization will help increase the application of chemistry and art and contribute to general education and dissemination of chemoinformatics and chemistry through artistic expressions. All the code and data sets to reproduce the visual representation of the chemical space presented in the manuscript are freely available at https://github.com/DIFACQUIM/Art-Driven-by-Visual-Representations-of-Chemical-Space- . Scientific contribution: Chemical space as a concept to create digital art and as a tool to train and introduce students to cheminformatics.

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O presente artigo traz o relato de uma experiência de curricularização da extensão na temática da alimentação e nutrição infantojuvenil, construído por uma equipe de docentes, graduandos em Nutrição e trabalhadores com formação em Saúde. Partindo da descentralização e partilha do lugar/função do educador; e da criação de uma comunidade de aprendizagem, a experiência apontou para o papel transformador da extensão no questionamento de concepções reducionistas de produção de conhecimento e de cuidado. A experiência reconhece a importância do pensamento crítico na superação dos olhares adultocêntricos, repensa a atuação do nutricionista e amplia os sentidos da comida e do comer para as diferentes infâncias, adolescências e juventudes. São desafios futuros a inclusão direta de crianças e adolescentes no processo, a sustentação de uma cultura político-participativa em parceria com segmentos da sociedade outrora distanciados e o enfrentamento da lógica produtivista nas instituições universitárias.(AU)

This article is an experience report of the curricularization of extension within the theme of child and youth eating habits and nutrition developed by a team of teachers, nutrition students and workers with a health degree. Through the decentralization and sharing of the place/role of the educator and creation of a learning community, the experience highlights the transformative role of extension in questioning reductionist concepts of knowledge generation and care. The experience recognizes the importance of critical thinking to overcome adult-centric perspectives, rethink the work of nutritionists and expand the sensory experience of food and eating in different children, adolescents and youth. Future challenges include the direct involvement of children and adolescents in the process, the promotion of a political-participatory culture among socially distanced segments of society and the confrontation of productivist logic in university institutions.(AU)

Se trata del relato de una experiencia de curricularización de la extensión en la temática de la alimentación y de la nutrición infanto-juvenil, construido por un equipo de docentes, alumnos de Nutrición y trabajadores con formación en salud. Partiendo de la descentralización y compartición del lugar/función del educador y de la creación de una comunidad de aprendizaje, la experiencia señaló hacia el papel transformador de la extensión en el cuestionamiento de concepciones reduccionistas de producción de conocimiento y de cuidado. La experiencia reconoce la importancia del pensamiento crítico en la superación de las miradas adulto-céntricas, repiensa la actuación del nutricionista y amplía los sentidos de la comida y del comer para las diferentes infancias, adolescencias y juventudes. Son desafíos futuros la inclusión directa de niños y adolescentes en el proceso, la sustentación de una cultura político-participativa con segmentos de la sociedad que antes estaban distanciados y el enfrentamiento de la lógica productivista en las instituciones universitarias.(AU)

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Technological advances and practical applications of the chemical space concept in drug discovery, natural product research, and other research areas have attracted the scientific community's attention. The large- and ultra-large chemical spaces are associated with the significant increase in the number of compounds that can potentially be made and exist and the increasing number of experimental and calculated descriptors, that are emerging that encode the molecular structure and/or property aspects of the molecules. Due to the importance and continued evolution of compound libraries, herein, we discuss definitions proposed in the literature for chemical space and emphasize the convenience, discussed in the literature to use complementary descriptors to obtain a comprehensive view of the chemical space of compound data sets. In this regard, we introduce the term chemical multiverse to refer to the comprehensive analysis of compound data sets through several chemical spaces, each defined by a different set of chemical representations. The chemical multiverse is contrasted with a related idea: consensus chemical space.

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BACKGROUND: Human Gut Microbiota (HGM) is composed of more than one thousand species, playing an important role in the health status of individuals. Dysbiosis (an HGM imbalance) is augmented as chronic kidney disease (CKD) progresses, as loss of kidney function accelerates. Increased antibiotic use in CKD subjects and consumption of nephrotoxic heavy metals and metalloids such as lead, cadmium, arsenic, and mercury in tap water increases the dysbiosis state. Studies in people with stage 3 CKD are complex to carry out, mainly because patients are self-reliant who rarely consult a specialist. The current work focused on this type of patient. RESULTS: Lead and arsenic-resistant bacteria were obtained from self-reliant (that stands on its own) stage 3 CKD subjects. Pathogen-related Firmicutes and Proteobacteria genus bacteria were observed. Resistance and potentiation of antibiotic effects in the presence of metal(loid)s in vitro were found. Furthermore, the presence of the following genes markers for antibiotic and metal(loid) resistance were identified by qPCR: oxa10, qnrB1, mphB, ermB, mefE1, arr2, sulll, tetA, floR, strB, dhfr1, acrB, cadA2k, cadA3k, arsC, pbrA. We observed a decrease in the number of metal resistance markers. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of cadA and arsC genetic markers of antibiotics and metal(loid)s resistance were detected in samples from stage 3 CKD subjects. Lower gene amplification in advanced stages of CKD were also observed, possibly associated with a decrease in resident HGM during kidney disease progression.

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ABSTRACT Weight bias is present in different scenarios, one of them is the area of health on the part of its professionals. For this reason, the aim of this descriptive, observational and cross-sectional study was to determine whether weight bias towards people with obesity was observed among students of the Nutrition and Dietetics career of the Catholic University of Temuco and to provide corrective measures to prevent the bias. The participants of this study were 94 nutrition and dietetics undergraduate students from different years of study. Students answered the GAMS 27-Obesity. According to the results obtained in this study, future nutritionists have a predisposition to weight bias towards people with obesity, this can have a negative impact on the care of these patients. Implementing corrective measures, during professional training, can prevent weight bias towards people with obesity by future professionals, thus improving their quality of care and positively impacting the health of these people.

RESUMEN El sesgo de peso está presente en diferentes escenarios, uno de ellos es el área de la salud por parte de sus profesionales. Por tal motivo el objetivo de este estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal fue determinar si existe presencia de sesgo de peso hacia las personas con obesidad, por parte de estudiantes de la carrera de Nutrición y Dietética de la Universidad Católica de Temuco y brindar medidas correctivas para prevenir este sesgo. Los participantes de este estudio fueron 94 estudiantes de pregrado en nutrición y dietética, de diferentes generaciones a quienes se les aplicó el GAMS 27-Obesidad. Según los resultados obtenidos en este estudio, los futuros nutricionistas tienen una predisposición al sesgo de peso hacia las personas con obesidad, esto puede repercutir negativamente en el cuidado de estos pacientes. La implementación de medidas correctivas, durante la formación profesional, puede evitar el sesgo de peso hacia las personas con obesidad por parte de los futuros profesionales, mejorando así su calidad asistencial e impactando positivamente en la salud de estas personas.

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INTRODUCTION: Chemical space is a general conceptual framework that addresses the diversity of molecules and it has various applications. Moreover, chemical space is a cornerstone of chemoinformatics. In response to the increase in the set of chemical compounds in databases, generators of chemical structures, and tools to calculate molecular descriptors, novel approaches to generate visual representations of chemical space are emerging and evolving. AREAS COVERED: The current state of chemical space in drug design and discovery is reviewed. The topics discussed herein include advances for efficient navigation in chemical space, the use of this concept in assessing the diversity of different data sets, exploring structure-property/activity relationships for one or multiple endpoints, and compound library design. Recent advances in methodologies for generating visual representations of chemical space have been highlighted, thereby emphasizing open-source methods. EXPERT OPINION: Quantitative and qualitative generation and analysis of chemical space require novel approaches for handling the increasing number of molecules and their information available in chemical databases (including emerging ultra-large libraries). Chemical space is a conceptual framework that goes beyond visual representation in low dimensions. However, the graphical representation of chemical space has several practical applications in drug discovery and beyond.

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BACKGROUND: Human Gut Microbiota (HGM) is composed of more than one thousand species, playing an important role in the health status of individuals. Dysbiosis (an HGM imbalance) is augmented as chronic kidney disease (CKD) progresses, as loss of kidney function accelerates. Increased antibiotic use in CKD subjects and consumption of nephrotoxic heavy metals and metalloids such as lead, cadmium, arsenic, and mercury in tap water increases the dysbiosis state. Studies in people with stage 3 CKD are complex to carry out, mainly because patients are self-reliant who rarely consult a specialist. The current work focused on this type of patient. RESULTS: Lead and arsenic-resistant bacteria were obtained from self-reliant (that stands on its own) stage 3 CKD subjects. Pathogen-related Firmicutes and Proteobacteria genus bacteria were observed. Resistance and potentiation of antibiotic effects in the presence of metal(loid)s in vitro were found. Furthermore, the presence of the following genes markers for antibiotic and metal(loid) resistance were identified by qPCR: oxa10, qnrB1, mphB, ermB, mefE1, arr2, sulll, tetA, floR, strB, dhfr1, acrB, cadA2k, cadA3k, arsC, pbrA. We observed a decrease in the number of metal resistance markers. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of cadA and arsC genetic markers of antibiotics and metal(loid)s resistance were detected in samples from stage 3 CKD subjects. Lower gene amplification in advanced stages of CKD were also observed, possibly associated with a decrease in resident HGM during kidney disease progression.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to be a public health problem. In 2020, 680,000 people died from HIV-related causes, and 1.5 million people were infected. Antiretrovirals are a way to control HIV infection but not to cure AIDS. As such, effective treatment must be developed to control AIDS. Developing a drug is not an easy task, and there is an enormous amount of work and economic resources invested. For this reason, it is highly convenient to employ computer-aided drug design methods, which can help generate and identify novel molecules. Using the de novo design, novel molecules can be developed using fragments as building blocks. In this work, we develop a virtual focused compound library of HIV-1 viral protease inhibitors from natural product fragments. Natural products are characterized by a large diversity of functional groups, many sp3 atoms, and chiral centers. Pseudo-natural products are a combination of natural products fragments that keep the desired structural characteristics from different natural products. An interactive version of chemical space visualization of virtual compounds focused on HIV-1 viral protease inhibitors from natural product fragments is freely available in the supplementary material.

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