RESUMO
As a developing region, Latin America faces unique cancer control and prevention challenges, which are intensified when considering rare cancers, including sarcomas. Sarcomas are a group of malignancies that arise in the connective tissues of the body-such as muscle, fat, nerves, blood vessels, and bones-accounting for a diverse range of tumours that, although rare, require specialized attention. Sarcoma care and research in Latin America require a comprehensive approach that includes deeper epidemiologic knowledge, diagnostic capacity building, access to innovative treatments, increased patient advocacy, and strengthening of clinical research capacity. This article will review current challenges and opportunities for treating patients with sarcoma in Latin America and outline a pathway toward improvement for regional collaborative groups.
RESUMO
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in females in Argentina, with an incidence rate similar to that in the USA. However, the contribution of the BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation in breast cancer incidence has not yet been investigated in Argentina. In order to evaluate which BRCA1 polymorphisms or mutations characterize female breast cancer in Argentina, the current study enrolled 206 females with breast cancer from several hospitals from the southeast of Argentina. A buccal smear sample was obtained in duplicate from each patient and the DNA samples were processed for polymorphism analysis using the single-strand conformational polymorphism technique. The polymorphisms in BRCA1 were investigated using a combination of 15 primers to analyze exons 2, 3, 5, 20 and 11 (including the 11.1 to 11.12 regions). The BRCA1 mutations were confirmed by direct sequencing. Samples were successfully examined from 154 females and, among these, 16 mutations were identified in the BRCA1 gene representing 13.9% of the samples analyzed. One patient was identified with a polymorphism in exon 2 (0.86%), four in exon 20 (3.48%), four in exon 11.3 (3.48%), one in exon 11.7 (0.86%), two in exon 11.8 (1.74%), one in exon 11.10 (0.86%) and one in exon 11.11 (0.86%). The most prevalent alteration in BRCA1 was located in exon 11 (11 out of 16 patients; 68.75%). The objective of our next study is to evaluate the prevalence of mutations in the BRCA2 gene and analyze the BRCA1 gene in the healthy relatives of BRCA1 mutation carriers.
RESUMO
Objetivo: describir el manejo multidisciplinario proporcionado a una niña de 7 años con oligodoncia no asociada a s¡ndrome. Reporte de caso: Paciente femenino de 7 años de edad acude al servicio de Odontología Pediátrica de la Clínica Dental de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, para tratamiento integral, refiriendo un diagnostico presuntivo de Displasia Ectodérmica. Al examen clínico, la paciente presenta placas hipopigmentadas con descamación en zonas localizadas del cuerpo; al examen clínico estomatológico presenta el labio inferior ligeramente evertido, pérdida de la dimensión vertical, oligodoncia de piezas deciduas y al examen radiográfico se evidencia la agenesia de múltiples piezas permanentes. Como parte del tratamiento integral se realizaron interconsultas con pediatr¡a, dermatología y genética para llegar a un diagnostico sistémico definitivo, el cual fue Oligodoncía no asociada a síndrome, descartando así el diagnóstico presuntivo inicial. También se incluyeron interconsultas con las especialidades de rehabilitación oral, ortodoncia, estética y periodoncia para llegar a un adecuado tratamiento odontológico. Después de un estudio minucioso del caso, se confeccionó un plan de tratamiento odontológico preventivo y rehabilitador en el que se realizó profilaxis y aplicación de flúor barniz, resinas simples en las segundas molares superiores deciduas, reconstrucción de los incisivos centrales inferiores deciduos y aumento de la altura clínica de la primera molar inferior decidua; luego se confeccionó la prótesis parcial inferior para as¡ devolver la función masticatoria, fonética y estética. Conclusiones: El manejo odontológico de los pacientes con Oligodoncía debe ser multidisciplinario, con la finalidad de mejorar su alimentación, fonética y estética, lo cual beneficia su proceso de aceptación y socialización...
Objective: to describe the multidisciplinary management provided to a 7 years old girl with non syndromic oligodontia. Case report: female patient of 7 years old presents with her parents to the Dental Clinics department of Pediatric Dentistry at the Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, for integral treatment, referring a presumptive diagnosis of ectodermal dysplasia. At the clinical examination, the patient had hypopigmented scaly plaques in localized areas of the body, the clinical stomatological examination presents slightly everted lower lip, loss of vertical dimension, oligodontia of the deciduous teeth and radiographic examination evidence agenesis of multiple permanent teeth. As part of the integral treatment interconsultations were performed with pediatrics, dermatology and genetics to reach a definitive systemic diagnosis, which was non syndromic oligodontia, thus ruling out the initial presumptive diagnosis. Interconsultations were also included with the specialties of oral rehabilitation, orthodontics, periodontics and aesthetic to reach an appropriate dental treatment. After a careful study of the case,, it was made a preventive and dental rehabilitations treatment plan which include prophylaxis and fluoride varnish application, simple resin to the second upper deciduous molars, reconstruction of deciduous mandibular central incisor and increasing clinical height of the first deciduous molar, then the lower partial denture was made to restore masticatory function, phonetics. Conclusions: the dental management of patients with oligodontia should be multidisciplinary, with the aim of improving their diet, phonetics and esthetics, which benefits the process of acceptance and socialization. The functions of the Pediatric dentists are managing patient behavior and interaction with parents, as well as preventing future injuries of dental caries and keep healthy primary teeth as long as possible.