RESUMO
Los procedimientos intratimpánicos se realizan frecuentemente de manera ambulatoria en los policlínicos de otorrinolaringología. Dada la inervación de la membrana timpánica, estos procedimientos generan disconfort y dolor, por lo que la aplicación previa de anestésicos tópicos sobre la membrana timpánica y el conducto auditivo externo es habitual. Pese a su uso, no hay evidencia clara sobre la efectividad de estos y el correcto modo de aplicación. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura sobre la aplicación y uso de anestésicos tópicos previo a procedimientos intratimpánicos, donde pudimos concluir que actualmente no hay un estándar de oro para prevenir el dolor en los pacientes sometidos a procedimientos intratimpánicos, ya que en la mayoría de los estudios no se logró diferencia significativa entre el uso de anestésicos tópicos v/s placebo, al comparar dolor a los 5 y 45 minutos post procedimiento.
A literature review was performed to assess the use and efficacy of topical anesthetics in intratympanic procedures. The analysis led to the conclusion that a gold standard for pain prevention procedures is still lacking, as the majority of studies revised did not show statically significant differences between the use of topic anesthetics and placebo when compared pain at 5 and 45 minutes after procedures.
Assuntos
Humanos , Membrana Timpânica/cirurgia , Membrana Timpânica/efeitos dos fármacos , Anestésicos Locais/uso terapêutico , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Otorrinolaringológicos/métodosRESUMO
In this work, both undoped and Thulium (Tm3+) doped (0.3-10 mol%) magnesium pyrophosphate (Mg2P2O7) powders were synthesized by the solvent evaporation method to study their photo-and thermoluminescent properties. Two crystalline phases were observed in the powders by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), the main phase being Mg2P2O7 and the second one thulium phosphate (TmPO4). The superficial morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which revealed that the powders are agglomerates with an undefined form and grains with non-uniform size distribution. The photoluminescence (PL) emission spectra of Tm3+ doped powders show the 1D2 â 3F4 transition, associated with Tm3+ ions, at 452 and 458 nm. The thermoluminescence (TL) properties were analyzed in the undoped and Tm3+ doped powders exposed to 90Sr beta source. The TL glow curve of Tm3+ doped powders exhibits three maxima at about â64-66 °C, â198-202 °C, and â301 °C. The TL dose-response is sub-linear from 0.11 to 0.54 Gy, linear between 0.79 and 24.95 Gy, and supra-linear from 34.99 to 599.95 Gy. Acceptable repeatability with a coefficient of variation of â¼1% was obtained after ten cycles of irradiation and readout. At 63 d of storage, the powders show fading of 30%, and at 1.6 years (585 d), the integrated TL intensity decays by 47%. The kinetic parameters of activation energy and frequency factor were evaluated using the Initial Rise, Booth, Bohun, and Porfianovitch (BBP) and Hoogenstraaten methods and Glow Curve Deconvolution with a general order kinetic model.
RESUMO
This work reports on the thermoluminescence (TL) properties and detection of contaminating minerals isolated from Mexican cocoa beans irradiated with gamma radiation and stored for 4 years. Contaminating minerals isolated from cocoa beans consisting of quartz, diopside, plagioclase, albite, and iron oxide with irregular and rectangular grains and average length of 135 µm. Cocoa beans are detected as irradiated even after 4 years of storage using the shape and maximum temperature of the TL glow curve of contaminating minerals. The TL properties of dose-response, and fading of minerals were also analysed. The TL dose-response is linear from 5 to 100 Gy, supra-linear between 250 and 1000 Gy, and sub-linear above 1500 Gy. Based on the TL1/TL2 ratio the minerals are identified as irradiated from 250 Gy to 4500 Gy in the dose-response test and after different storage times in the darkness at room temperature. A continuum trap distribution can be associated with the TL glow curve of minerals using the Tm-Tstop method. First order kinetic peaks were used in the Glow Curve Deconvolution of natural and irradiated (1 and 10 kGy) TL curves.
Assuntos
Quartzo , Raios gama , TemperaturaRESUMO
In this work, the photoluminescent (PL), cathodoluminescent (CL) and thermoluminescent (TL) properties of hafnium oxide films doped with trivalent dysprosium ions are reported. The films were deposited on glass substrates at temperatures ranging from 300 to 600°C, using chlorides as precursor reagents. The surface morphology of films showed a veins shaped microstructure at low deposition temperatures, while at higher temperatures the formation of spherical particles was observed on the surface. X-ray diffraction showed the presence of HfO2 monoclinic phase in the films deposited at temperatures greater than 400°C. The PL and CL spectra of the doped films showed the highest emission band centered at 575nm corresponding to the transitions (4)F9/2â(6)H13/2, which is a characteristic transition of Dy(3+) ion. The greatest emission intensities were observed in samples doped with 1 atomic percent (at%) of DyCl3 in the precursor solution. Regarding the TL behavior, the glow curve of HfO2:Dy(+3) films exhibited spectrum with one broad band centered at about 150°C. The highest intensity TL response was observed on the films deposited at 500°C.
RESUMO
Despite steady progress in antiviral treatment for patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV), many patients still have detectable serum HCV RNA levels by the end of interferon-based treatment and are known as virological non-responders. Re-treatment of these patients not responding to previous therapy remains challenging. Studies of the dynamics of the HCV population show a marked decline in new cases since 1996; however, the relative proportion of non-responders is expected to increase over time and, similarly, the number of patients eligible for first-line treatment is expected to decrease. The current standard of care for treatment involves the use of pegylated interferons in combination with ribavirin. However, many difficult-to-treat groups still have low response rates. Newer combinations are being investigated to optimize chances of attaining a sustained response in these groups: one such triple therapy regimen is peginterferon alfa-2a, ribavirin and thymalfasin, which was given to 23 previously non-responder patients. Viral response was 60.8% at week 12 and 47.8% at week 24. These preliminary results encourage further evaluation of this promising combination.
Assuntos
Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Hepatite C Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Interferon-alfa/uso terapêutico , Polietilenoglicóis/uso terapêutico , Ribavirina/uso terapêutico , Timosina/análogos & derivados , Adulto , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Hepacivirus/efeitos dos fármacos , Hepacivirus/genética , Hepacivirus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Hepatite C Crônica/genética , Humanos , Interferon alfa-2 , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Projetos Piloto , RNA Viral/sangue , Proteínas Recombinantes , Timalfasina , Timosina/uso terapêutico , Fatores de Tempo , Falha de Tratamento , Resultado do Tratamento , Carga Viral , Replicação Viral/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Despite steady progress in antiviral treatment for patients with chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV), many patients still have detectable serum HCV RNA levels by the end of interferon-based treatment and are known as virological non-responders. Re-treatment of these patients not responding to previous therapy remains challenging. Studies of the dynamics of the HCV population show a marked decline in new cases since 1996; however, the relative proportion of non-responders is expected to increase over time and, similarly, the number of patients eligible for first-line treatment is expected to decrease. The current standard of care for treatment involves the use of pegylated interferons in combination with ribavirin. However, many difficult-to-treat groups still have low response rates. Newer combinations are being investigated to optimize chances of attaining a sustained response in these groups: one such triple therapy regimen is peginterferon alfa-2a, ribavirin and thymalfasin, which was given to 23 previously non-responder patients. Viral response was 60.8% at week 12 and 47.8% at week 24. These preliminary results encourage further evaluation of this promising combination.
Assuntos
Adjuvantes Imunológicos/administração & dosagem , Antivirais/administração & dosagem , Hepatite C Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Interferon-alfa/administração & dosagem , Polietilenoglicóis/administração & dosagem , Ribavirina/administração & dosagem , Timosina/análogos & derivados , Timosina/administração & dosagem , Quimioterapia Combinada , Humanos , Interferon alfa-2 , Interferons/administração & dosagem , Projetos Piloto , Proteínas Recombinantes , Timalfasina , Fatores de Tempo , Falha de TratamentoRESUMO
Phylogenetic relationships among Asian and European pig breeds were assessed using 1036 bp of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop sequences. An unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) tree was constructed on the basis of maximum likelihood distances using sequences determined for three Cheju (Korea), 11 Chinese, one Westran (Australian feral origin) and two European pigs (Berkshire and Welsh), and also published sequences for four Japanese (including two Wild Boars), one Yucatan miniature, five European (including Large White, Landrace, Duroc, Swedish and Wild Boar) and two Meishan pigs. The Colombian collared peccary (Tayassu tajacu) sequence was also determined and used as an outgroup. The maximum parsimony with heuristic search method was used to determine bootstrap support values. Asian-type pigs clustered together (bootstrap support 33%), but were separate from European-type pigs that also clustered together (93%). The Westran pig, derived from the feral descendants of pigs inhabiting Kangaroo Island of South Australia, clustered with Asian pigs, demonstrating Asian origin of their mitochondria. Berkshire and Large White clustered with Asian pigs, indicating that Asian pigs were involved in the development of these breeds. Our findings clearly demonstrate that pigs indigenous to China, Korea and Japan are only recently diverged from each other and distinctly different from European-type pigs. European pig breeds consist of pigs with mitochondria of Asian and non-Asian type, some of which were formed from closely related maternal ancestors, if not from a single ancestor.
Assuntos
DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Filogenia , Polimorfismo Genético , Suínos/classificação , Animais , Austrália , Sequência de Bases , China , Colômbia , Evolução Molecular , Coreia (Geográfico) , Funções Verossimilhança , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Suínos/genética , Reino UnidoRESUMO
Los cirujanos estamos presenciando la revolucion más importante de la cirugia en toda su historia. La llegada de la informática permitio el desarrollo de la cirugia minimamente invasiva. La realidad virtual y la simulacion están invadiendo las salas de cirugia y han cambiado completamente la forma de entrenamiento quirurgico. Los robots están demostrando ser el mejor aliado del cirujano, permitiendole alcanzar objetivos jamas imaginados. Poco a poco estamos cambiando la manera de manejar a nuestros pacientes.
Assuntos
Tecnologia Biomédica , Cirurgia Geral/instrumentação , Cirurgia Geral/tendênciasRESUMO
Milk is a food rich in oligoelements (approx. 1g/100 ml) that can vary in concentration due to genetic factors, type of feed, fed to cattle and due to contamination in the area of production. Since the margin between the concentration of mineral requirements and the toxic levels is so narrow that a little excess results harmful to sensitive species, the present study was done in the city of Monterrey, N.L. located in an industrial zone. Samples of raw milk from 17 producers distributed in 8 zones were analyzed during 6 months, measuring minerals of nutritional and toxicological importance. All elements were determined using atomic absorption, except for phosphorus, which was quantified colorimetrically. Statistical significance was determined through analysis of variance and Duncan test. The average mineral composition of the milk analyzed was (mg/Lt): calcium 1179, magnesium 109.7, zinc 5.89, phosphorus 637.1, copper 0.15, cadmium < 0.01, chromium < 0.02, iron 0.59, lead < 0.04, manganese < 0.02, nickel 0.36. The milk of this region is a good source of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and zinc, with 35%, 7.4%, 19% and 9% respectively of the RDA being obtained from a 237 ml portion of milk.