RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Characterize the cell profile and immunostaining of proinflammatory markers in an experimental model of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male Wistar rats (n = 6-7) were treated chronically with saline solution or zoledronic acid (ZA) at 0.04, 0.20, and 1.00 mg kg(-1) (1.4 × 10(-7) , 6.9 × 10(-6) , and 3.4 × 10(-5) mol kg(-1) ), and subsequently, the first left inferior molar was extracted. Were performed counting of viable and empty osteocyte lacunae, viable and apoptotic osteoclasts, polymorphonuclear neutrophil, mast cells (toluidine blue), and the positive presence cells for CD68, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL (interleukin)-1ß, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) and IL-18 binding protein (IL-18 bp). RESULTS: BRONJ was showed in ZA treated with 0.20 and 1.00 mg kg(-1) . There is a dose dependent increase in percentage of empty osteocyte lacunae (P < 0.001) and apoptotic osteoclasts (P < 0.001), counting of total osteoclasts (P = 0.003), polymorphonuclear neutrophil cells (P = 0.009), cytoplasmic-positive cells of CD68 (P < 0.001), TNF-α (P = 0.001), IL-1ß (P = 0.001), iNOS (P < 0.001), NF-kB (P = 0.006), and nuclear-positive cells of NF-kB (P = 0.011). Consequently, there is no difference in mast cells (P = 0.957), and IL-18 bp immunostaining decreases dose dependently (P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: BRONJ is characterized by increases in immunostaining for proinflammatory markers and NF-kB and inversely associated with cells exhibiting IL-18 bp.
Assuntos
Osteonecrose da Arcada Osseodentária Associada a Difosfonatos/imunologia , Animais , Biomarcadores/análise , Osteonecrose da Arcada Osseodentária Associada a Difosfonatos/patologia , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Modelos Animais , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of prenatal ultrasound measurement of anteroposterior renal pelvis diameter (APD) to discriminate between significant uropathy and idiopathic renal pelvis dilatation. METHODS: One-hundred-and-three neonates who were found to have fetal renal pelvis dilatation, defined as presence of an APD > or = 5 mm, underwent systematic investigation for uropathies and were prospectively followed. An ultrasound scan was performed after the first week of postnatal life and all infants underwent a voiding cystourethrogram. Neonates with an APD larger than 10 mm underwent renal scintigraphy. Ultrasound scans, clinical examination and laboratory reviews were scheduled at 6-month intervals. Receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curves were constructed to determine the best cut-offs for APD to identify renal units with significant uropathy as well as those requiring surgical intervention. Significant uropathy was defined as the presence of well-established urinary tract abnormalities or when there was abnormal renal scintigraphy. RESULTS: The estimated area under the curve for APD was 0.900 (95% CI, 0.841-0.942) indicating excellent power to discriminate between idiopathic pelvis dilatation and significant uropathy. The sensitivity and specificity for the 7.5 mm cut-off point were 97.9% and 40.6%, respectively. To identify infants who required surgical intervention, the calculated area under the curve was 0.953 (95% CI, 0.908-0.980). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that measurement of APD is an excellent test to identify fetuses with significant uropathy, as well as those requiring postnatal intervention.
Assuntos
Pelve Renal/diagnóstico por imagem , Pelve Renal/embriologia , Ultrassonografia Pré-Natal , Anormalidades Urogenitais/diagnóstico por imagem , Área Sob a Curva , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Gravidez , Estudos Prospectivos , Curva ROC , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Anormalidades Urogenitais/diagnósticoRESUMO
It was previously reported that a protein-free microemulsion (LDE) with structure roughly resembling that of the lipid portion of low density lipoprotein (LDL) was presumably taken up by LDL receptors when injected into the bloodstream. In contact with plasma, LDE acquires apolipoproteins (apo) including apo E that would be the ligand for receptor binding. Currently, apo were associated to LDE by incubation with high density lipoprotein (HDL). LDE-apo uptake by mononuclear cells showed a saturation kinetics, with an apparent K(m) of 13.1 ng protein/mL. LDE-apo is able to displace LDL uptake by mononuclear cells with a Ki of 11.5 ng protein/mL. LDE without apo is, however, unable to displace LDL. The uptake of 14C-HDL is not dislocated by increasing amounts of LDE-apo, indicating that HDL and LDE-apo do not bind to the same receptor sites. In human hyperlipidemias, LDE labeled with 14C-cholesteryl ester behaved kinetically as expected for native LDL. LDE plasma disappearance curve obtained from eight hypercholesterolemic patients was markedly slower than that from 10 control normolipidemic subjects [fractional clearance rate (FCR) = 0.02 +/- 0.01 and 0.12 +/- 0.04 h-1, respectively; P < 0.0001]. On the other hand, in four severely hypertriglyceridemic patients, LDE FCR was not significantly different from the controls (0.07 +/- 0.03 h-1). These results suggest that LDE can be a useful device to study lipoprotein metabolism.
Assuntos
Emulsões/farmacocinética , Hiperlipidemias/tratamento farmacológico , Lipoproteínas/sangue , Lipoproteínas/farmacocinética , Receptores de LDL/metabolismo , Adulto , Idoso , Apolipoproteínas/farmacocinética , Ligação Competitiva , Radioisótopos de Carbono , Ésteres do Colesterol/farmacocinética , Emulsões/química , Feminino , Humanos , Hipercolesterolemia/tratamento farmacológico , Hipercolesterolemia/metabolismo , Hiperlipidemias/metabolismo , Hipertrigliceridemia/tratamento farmacológico , Hipertrigliceridemia/metabolismo , Cinética , Leucócitos Mononucleares/efeitos dos fármacos , Leucócitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Lipídeos/sangue , Lipoproteínas/química , Lipoproteínas LDL/metabolismo , Lipoproteínas LDL/farmacocinética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Skeletal and cardiac striated muscle from two species of fish and turtles were incubated for the cytochemical detection of trimetaphosphatase (TMPase) activity. The results showed that striated muscle from these animals has TMPase-positive structures, which are presumed to be lysosomes.
Assuntos
Lisossomos/ultraestrutura , Músculo Esquelético/ultraestrutura , Miocárdio/ultraestrutura , Hidrolases Anidrido Ácido/análise , Animais , Biomarcadores , Peixes , Lisossomos/enzimologia , Microscopia Eletrônica , Músculo Esquelético/enzimologia , Miocárdio/enzimologia , TartarugasRESUMO
The biologic phenomena involved in the healing process of vascularized, cortical bone grafts, vascularized grafts with venous occlusion, and conventional cortical bone grafts, were studied in rabbits. The middle third of the radial diaphysis was the donor site, with a 1.6-cm-long bone cylinder delimited by double transverse osteotomies. The vascularized grafts were raised by extraperiosteal dissection, with preservation of their vascular pedicle, while the conventional grafts were obtained by subperiosteal dissection. The vascularized graft with venous occlusion had its draining vein ligated. Radiologic, scintigraphic, and histologic studies were undertaken at days 7, 15, 30, and 60 postoperatively. Results demonstrated that the vascularized graft healed earlier than the corresponding vascularized graft with venous occlusion and than the conventional graft, respectively. The vascularized graft with venous occlusion suffered some degree of impairment of its irrigation, probably due to retrograde block of the arterial blood flow. It underwent a degree of bone necrosis, followed by resorption and creeping substitution, which delayed its integration. This seemed to be a temporary effect, for it healed earlier than the conventional graft.
Assuntos
Transplante Ósseo/fisiologia , Rádio (Anatomia)/cirurgia , Tromboflebite/fisiopatologia , Cicatrização/fisiologia , Anastomose Cirúrgica , Animais , Transplante Ósseo/métodos , Osso e Ossos/irrigação sanguínea , Feminino , Microcirurgia/métodos , Periósteo , CoelhosRESUMO
Adult male Wistar rats weighing 240-260 g were implanted with stainless steel guide cannulae into the medial septal area (MSA). Cholinergic stimulation of the MSA increased natriuresis (344.6 +/- 13.8 vs 22.2 +/- 2.1 microEq for the controls), the number of atrial specific granules (61.0 +/- 6.7 vs 43.8 +/- 3.5 granules/100 microns 2 sarcoplasma for the controls), and the number of electron-dense vesicles near the sarcolemma or appearing to undergo exocytotic extrusion (50.0 +/- 2.3 vs 21.4 +/- 5.7 vesicles/100 microns sarcolemma for the controls). It is not yet clear how cholinergic stimulation of the MSA changes the secretory characteristics of atrial myocardial fibers. However, the present study provides evidence that release of an atrial natriuretic factor may be controlled by the central nervous system (CNS). This may occur through the sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation of the heart or through the release of some substance produced by the CNS or produced at another site whose release is controlled by the CNS.
Assuntos
Fator Natriurético Atrial/metabolismo , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Miocárdio/ultraestrutura , Parassimpatomiméticos/farmacologia , Núcleos Septais/fisiologia , Animais , Rim/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos , Sódio/urinaRESUMO
Adult male Wistar rats weighing 240-260 g were implanted with stainless steel guide cannulae into the medial septal area (MSA). Cholinergic stimulation of the MSA increased natriuresis (344.6 + or - 13.8 vs 22.2 + or - 2.1 micronEq for the controls), the number of atrial specific granules (61.0 + or - 6.7 vs 43,8 + or - 3.5 granules/100 micron m**2 sarcoplasma for the controls), and the number of electron-dense vesicles near the sarcolemma or appearing to undergo exocytotic extrusion (50.0 + or - 2.3 vs 21.4 + or - 5.7 vesicles/100 micronm sarcolemma for the controls) It is not yet clear how cholinergic stimulation of the MSA changes the secretory characteristics of atrial myocardial fibers. However, the present study provides evidence that release of an atrial natriuretic factor may be controlled by the central nervous system (CNS). This may occur through the sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation of the heart or through the release of some substance produced by the CNS or produced at another site whose release is controlled by the CNS
Assuntos
Ratos , Animais , Masculino , Fator Natriurético Atrial/metabolismo , Miocárdio/ultraestrutura , Núcleos Septais/fisiologia , Parassimpatomiméticos/farmacologia , Rim/metabolismo , Parassimpatomiméticos/farmacologia , Ratos Endogâmicos , Sódio/urinaRESUMO
The ammoniacal silver method, which identifies basic proteins, gives a positive reaction in cytoplasmic granules of rat peritoneal mast cells. However, in cytoplasmic granules of mucosal mast cells in the small intestine of the rat, this reaction is negative.
Assuntos
Mucosa Intestinal/análise , Mastócitos/análise , Peptídeos/análise , Animais , Grânulos Citoplasmáticos/enzimologia , Feminino , Mucosa Intestinal/enzimologia , Intestino Delgado , Masculino , Mastócitos/enzimologia , Peptídeo Hidrolases/análise , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos , Coloração e RotulagemRESUMO
Four types of physeal fracture-separations, defined by the Salter-Harris classification, were created experimentally in the proximal physis of the right tibia of immature rats. The four types are: Type I, pure epiphyseal separation; Type II, separation of the epiphysis with a metaphyseal fracture; Type III, partial epiphyseal separation with a vertical fracture of the epiphysis; and Type IV, vertical epiphyseal and metaphyseal fractures. A sham operation performed on the left tibia served as the control. The animals were killed at various intervals up to 25 days after the operation. The findings were assessed by roentgenographic, histologic, and vessel injection methods. For Types I and II morphometric analyses were also performed. The influence of various types of lesions on the growth rate and the healing process was documented. For Types I and II lesions there was a transitory growth arrest and an increased thickening of the zone of hypertrophic cells. The alterations regressed after Day 15, and by day 25, a nearly normal plate was seen. For Type III lesions an angular deformity of the tibia occurred that increased with time. For Type IV lesions, a step-off developed on the articular surface that became more severe with time. Early vascular anastomoses between the epiphysis and the metaphysis led to the formation of bone bridges in Type III and Type IV lesions.
Assuntos
Epífises/lesões , Fraturas Ósseas/fisiopatologia , Animais , Epífises/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Epífises/patologia , Fraturas Ósseas/patologia , Técnicas Histológicas , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos , Tíbia/anatomia & histologiaRESUMO
The effects of chronic alcoholism upon the parietal cells of the stomach of rats were studied providing to a group of animals, only sugar cane brandy "ad libitum" as liquid food. A group of control animals received tap water and to both groups it was provided a balanced solid diet. During the experiment the body weight as well as liquid and solid food consumption were rated each other day. The animals were sacrificed after 45, 90 or 180 d and the effects of alcoholism evaluated at the day of sacrifice through morphological and morphometric techniques. Our results allowed us to conclude that: 1) the body weight of alcohol-treated animals increased at much slower rates when compared to controls. (2) The treated animals ingested less liquid and solid food than controls. 3) The volume of gastric secretion (ml/h/100 g of body weight) was not affected but its HCl content (mEq/l) was smaller in alcoholic rats. 4) Discrete morphological disturbance of the gastric mucosa was observed only in animals that ingested alcohol for 45 d. In the longer treatments the appearance of the mucosa was quite similar to controls. 5) The secreting mass of parietal cells decreased in alcohol treated rats. This decrease was attributed to a reduction in number of these cells.
Assuntos
Alcoolismo/patologia , Células Parietais Gástricas/patologia , Animais , Peso Corporal , Ingestão de Líquidos , Ingestão de Alimentos , Suco Gástrico/análise , Suco Gástrico/metabolismo , Mucosa Gástrica/metabolismo , Mucosa Gástrica/patologia , Ácido Clorídrico/análise , Masculino , Microscopia Eletrônica , Células Parietais Gástricas/ultraestrutura , Ratos , Ratos EndogâmicosRESUMO
No presente trabalho, foi investigada uma forma alternativa de correcao de falhas osseas diafisarias com enxerto homologo de osso cortical descalcificado, na forma de granulos. Tendo o coelho como animal de experimentacao, foram retirados cilindros de 2 cm de comprimentos da regiao medio-diafisaria de ambos os radios, preservando-se o periosteo. A falha criada foi sempre preenchida por enxerto osseo nao descalcificado a esquerda, que serviu como controle. Os animais foram estudados ate 9 semanas apos a cirurgia. Os resultados foram avaliados radiologicamente, atraves de incorporacao de corantes fluorescentes indicadores de osso neoformado, tendo como marcadores calceina azul, xilenol laranja e tetraciclina, possibilitando um estudo dinamico da osteogenese. Nas falhas preenchidas com osso descalcificado, ja havia neoformacao ossea na primeira semana, e apos 9 semanas, houve correcao completa da falha ossea em 89% dos casos, formando-se um ossiculo cilindrico, perfeitamente solidario com o restante do radio e apresentando canal medular em alguns casos
Assuntos
Feminino , Animais , Doenças do Desenvolvimento Ósseo , Osteogênese , Transplante Homólogo , CoelhosRESUMO
1. Thyroid function in hemidecorticate and control rats was studied by the measurement of oxygen consumption (under basal conditions and after cold exposure) and radioiodine (131 I) uptake by the thyroid after a low-iodine diet for 30 days. 2. The oxygen uptake of male and female hemidecorticate rats under basal conditions (29 degrees C) did not differ significantly from that of the controls. The values observed for both experimental groups were relatively constant, ranging from 40 to 75 kcal h-1 m-2 for 2 to 50-day-old animals. 3. When hemidecorticate and control rats, age 60-65 days, were exposed to 7-8 degrees C for 5-6 h, the oxygen consumption of the hemidecorticate rats increased (83-84 kcal h-1 m-2) but to a lower extent than that of the controls (105-106 kcal h-1 m-2). 4. The rate of radioiodine (131 I) uptake by the thyroid gland of hemidecorticate rats was also lower than that of controls when the animals were maintained on a low-iodine diet. 5. These results show that, under basal conditions, the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis of hemidecorticate rats does not differ from that of control rats. However, when exposed to cold the hemidecorticate animals were not able to increase their oxygen consumption to the extent achieved by the control groups.
Assuntos
Descorticação Cerebral , Temperatura Baixa , Dieta , Consumo de Oxigênio , Glândula Tireoide/fisiologia , Animais , Feminino , Radioisótopos do Iodo , Masculino , Tamanho do Órgão , Ratos , Testes de Função Tireóidea , Glândula Tireoide/patologia , TireoidectomiaRESUMO
Os efeitos da isquemia sobre o musculo esqueletico foram estudados experimentalmente em caes adultos. Os animais foram subdivididos em dois grupos: grupo I - 35 caes - submetidos unicamente a isquemia de 1 a 10 horas. O grupo R - 20 caes - era constituido pelos animais submetidos a isquemia de 1 a 10 horas, seguido de revascularizacao ate o maximo de 10 horas. O estudo morfologico do material foi realizado visando a analise das alteracoes isquemicas, juntamente com a citometria das fibras, no membro isquemiado, no revascularizado e no controle. Os diametros das fibras musculares variam entre si, tanto na fase isquemica como pos-isquemica. Observou-se recuperacao parcial dos diametros quando a isquemia era de ate 2 horas. Os resultados obtidos atraves da correlacao entre o coeficiente de variabilidade dos diametros e as demais alteracoes teciduais revelaram que a fase isquemica de ate 2 horas pode ser suportada pelo tecido muscular. A partir deste tempo, as lesoes tornam-se irreversiveis